VIBRATION POWER AND MICRO HYDROELECTRIC POWER, THE ENERGY FOR THE FUTURE

Energy is the paramount significant component for economic, educational, science & technological development for all of the various countries in the world. It is an integral part of every sphere of modern life and indispensible for almost all of the economic development activities ranging from farm irrigation to manufacturing of goods and heavy industrial activities. But the world today is confronted with two interrelated challenges closely linked with energy; these are global unusual temperature rising and vicious cycle of poverty. Due to incremental consumption of traditional energy, earth atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) are rising rapidly, resulting global warming, global climate changes & ecological catastrophes. This is concern with the other challenge that 1.3 million of the world's populations, most of them are impoverished and live in rural areas in Africa and Asia, still out of the electricity supply facilities, causing economic downturn, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, crimes and social depression. In these very conditions, changing patterns of energy, which are carbon neutral or carbon negative, reliable and affordable, only can save the world from upcoming dangers. Together with other sources of green energy our newly invented carbon neutral ''Vibration Power''& ''Micro Hydroelectric Power'' could be a viable alternative to save the green planet from upcoming challenges

Effects on natural frequency of a plate due to distributed and positional concentrated mass

The concentrated masses attached rigidly to the plate due to different kinds of loading for the installation of the machineries on that plate may play a vital role to shift the bare plate natural frequencies. This paper presents the effect of natural frequencies when the amount of concentrated masses, the position of the concentrated masses and the distribution of a specific amount of concentrated masses into different positions, which is practically possible when installing the machineries, are introduced. The investigations have been done numerically through ANSYS and also carried out to observe the change of mode shapes due to the concentrated masses. A typical single concentrated mass applied at the middle of the plate is validated by the analytical approach found in the literature

Co-operative Investment policy for Growth and Development of Small and Medium Size Businesses and Improve the Poverty Condition in Bangladesh

The research focuses on the assessment of SMEs (Small and Medium Size Enterprises) & its impacts on socio-economic spheres; it focuses on the effective ways for growth & development of SMEs in Bangladesh for socioeconomic development. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with low GDP/capita and minimum purchasing power. 24.8% of the total population of the country does live below the national poverty line ($2/day), while 6.5% of them do live in extreme poverty [4]. To bring the vast population out of the vicious circle of poverty and accelerate the economic growth are the target and attention of the country. To pave the way for first & foremost task is either to create direct employment or create condition to create employment to reduce the unemployment rate & accelerate the source and level of disposable income. Growth & development of SMEs, which create self-employments and employments for low and semi-skilled workers, are the target and attention of the country. But the ways for growth & development of SMEs in Bangladesh are not smooth enough. They are frequently confronted with structural, managerial, financial, and social challenges. For sustainable development large population groups are needed to get the ways for their own development. The research was conducted by structural and semi-structural questionnaires and face-to-face interview of 150 recipients of social classes and ages in rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of Co-operative Investment Policy through “Co-operative Society Micro-saving Bank” and ‘’Innovative SME Model’’ for growth and development of SMEs and MIAs (Micro Industrial Activities) and its impacts on socio-economic development. The target is to aggregate impoverished individuals’ micro saving, limited capability, little working skills & experiences to create them depositors, investors, successful entrepreneurs & skills workers through establishing co-operative society micro-saving bank and involving them in entrepreneurial activities

COMPLEXITIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A STUDY OF FOUR COLLEGES IN BOGURA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

This paper aims to explore the challenges of English language teaching in the Bogura district, Bangladesh. Although Bogura is advanced in establishing educational institutions and trades, it is still lagging in respect of the quality and consequence of English language teaching in higher secondary education. In comparison to the other subject, it seems much more difficult for both teachers and learners. Therefore, the problems of English language learning have been listed, and the result of class observation of colleges in the Bogura district has been presented. To do this study, a descriptive research design, quantitative method, and questionnaires are used. The present findings opine that the majorities depend on the exam system to just pass the exam and there is no equal chance to be skilled in four skills of the English language students. The lacking of teachers has also been detected. However, the study attempts to illuminate a scenario of the English teaching system as well as the problems and prospects of English language learning and teaching in higher secondary education

Virtual Assessment in English Language Teaching during COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Considerations in Bangladesh Perspectives

Background: This study examines the methods of assessing the learners of English Language Teaching (ELT) learners virtually, obstacles both the teachers and students face in virtual assessment, the kind of renovations both teachers and learners have to accommodate for effective virtual assessment, and the imperative suggestions they have in terms of more fruitful and plausible assessment during COVID-19-like pandemics in the context of Bangladesh. Methodology: 10 teachers and 21 students from 5 renowned private universities in Bangladesh participated in the study. And it applied a mixed-method approach consisting of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that all the teachers and students go through virtual assessment during the COVID-19 lockdown; the majority of them use Zoom Meeting App and Google Classroom for both summative and formative assessments in the form of mostly virtual viva voce, online assignment, and presentation; virtual assessment is time and money-saving, and has scheduled benefits; its disadvantages include, mainly, unstable internet connection across the country; and most suggest for both teachers’ and students’ training in dealing with technological devices and apps used for virtual assessment. Conclusion: The major results of the research suggest that virtual assessment in ELT in the Bangladeshi context requires substantial technological modifications and renovations. Originality: Since online assessment in ELT, like other academic disciplines, is in function in Bangladesh, better decisions on assessment methodology and, logically, more appropriate assessment policies can be formed. Conforming to this purpose, this research aims to unearth the existing challenges both teachers and learners encounter in virtual assessment and modifications recommended by them

Design, fabrication and characterization of resonant waveguide grating based optical biosensors

The absence of rapid, low cost and highly sensitive biodetection platform has hindered the implementation of next generation cheap and early stage clinical or home based point-of-care diagnostics. Label-free optical biosensing with high sensitivity, throughput, compactness, and low cost, plays an important role to resolve these diagnostic challenges and pushes the detection limit down to single molecule. Optical nanostructures, specifically the resonant waveguide grating (RWG) and nano-ribbon cavity based biodetection are promising in this context. The main element of this dissertation is design, fabrication and characterization of RWG sensors for different spectral regions (e.g. visible, near infrared) for use in label-free optical biosensing and also to explore different RWG parameters to maximize sensitivity and increase detection accuracy. Design and fabrication of the waveguide embedded resonant nano-cavity are also studied. Multi-parametric analyses were done using customized optical simulator to understand the operational principle of these sensors and more important the relationship between the physical design parameters and sensor sensitivities. Silicon nitride (SixNy) is a useful waveguide material because of its wide transparency across the whole infrared, visible and part of UV spectrum, and comparatively higher refractive index than glass substrate. SixNy based RWGs on glass substrate are designed and fabricated applying both electron beam lithography and low cost nano-imprint lithography techniques. A Chromium hard mask aided nano-fabrication technique is developed for making very high aspect ratio optical nano-structure on glass substrate. An aspect ratio of 10 for very narrow (~60 nm wide) grating lines is achieved which is the highest presented so far. The fabricated RWG sensors are characterized for both bulk (183.3 nm/RIU) and surface sensitivity (0.21nm/nm-layer), and then used for successful detection of Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies and antigen (~1μg/ml) both in buffer and serum. Widely used optical biosensors like surface plasmon resonance and optical microcavities are limited in the separation of bulk response from the surface binding events which is crucial for ultralow biosensing application with thermal or other perturbations. A RWG based dual resonance approach is proposed and verified by controlled experiments for separating the response of bulk and surface sensitivity. The dual resonance approach gives sensitivity ratio of 9.4 whereas the competitive polarization based approach can offer only 2.5. The improved performance of the dual resonance approach would help reducing probability of false reading in precise bio-assay experiments where thermal variations are probable like portable diagnostics

Code-Switching and Social Media in Bangladesh: Emergence of a New English

Using two or more languages in a singular context or conversation is similar to going with the flow these days, specifically on social sites. This is referred to as "code-switching" by sociolinguists. The study aims at finding out the ratio and scenario of code-switching on social media in Bangladesh, and whether a New English has emerged or not for that. The study was conducted on a randomly chosen sample population of 40 participants across the country. It applied a mixed-method approach consisting of both qualitative and quantitative research methods to conduct this study. The study collected data through a close-ended questionnaire sent to the sample population via email, Messenger, WhatsApp, and Google Docs and some relevant data in the form of screenshots from Facebook posts, comments, and messenger chats. The findings of the study show that more than half of the participants in this research does not have the proper knowledge and intention regarding code-switching, and they perform it for sheer convenience in colloquial practice and communication. However, most of the participants do not support code-switching because they are concerned about their English language efficiency. And they also assert that Code-switching does not play a major role in the emergence of new sorts of English language because there are, in truth, other reasons behind this

Technology-Mediated Task-Based Language Teaching at Private Universities in Bangladesh: Students' and Teachers' Perceptions

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) facilitates the process of language learning by focusing on communicative skills in real life. The English language teaching (ELT) system at the private universities of Bangladesh is trying to integrate TBLT with technology nowadays. This study aims to explore the proportion of successful implications of technology and tasks, the perceptions of teachers and learners regarding technology-mediated tasks, the challenges faced by both sides and recommendations to overcome limitations at three private universities in Bangladesh. Besides, this study identifies the task patterns used by teachers as well as the types of tasks preferred by students. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to conduct this study. Data were collected from the teachers and learners of Pundra University of Science & Technology, Bogura; Varendra University, Rajshahi; and Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia by providing them with Google Docs semi-structured questionnaires. The teachers of the department of English, and the students of the department of English, Computer Science Engineering (CSE) and Business Administration participated in the data collection procedure. The study found that technology-mediated TBLT is implemented alongside traditional teaching methods in language teaching. Students appreciate technology-based tasks in learning a target language. They recommend more skilled and experienced teachers. Teachers suggest that financial funding and skilled IT officers are needed to implement TBLT. Poor internet connection, inadequate technological support, faulty projectors and sound systems are the difficulties faced by teachers and students

A Security Framework for IOT Based Smart Home Automation System

The Internet of Things (IOT) is a new platform for our technology. Though of IOT, we can control our daily life work such as home application, control and communication systems, easy communication systems, improve our digital services etc. The Internet of Things (IOT) is joining our daily contents information wisely to the internet to make communication between objects and people and among themselves. In this paper, we show an improved home automation by the help of IOT. For calculating response time of IOT, we need fog computing platform. Fog computing also known as fogging or edge computing which is built by Cisco and it is extended the version of cloud computing through a network. In our proposed system, we use motion sensor, SBC-PT which is a network access component and daily life component in home. We can monitor and control that equipment by the approach of IOT based system. The home automation system uses the portable devices as a user interface. They can connect with home automation network through an internet approach. The user will move straightly with the system via control interface whereas home apparatus are remotely controlled through sensor and server. The home automation system has an additional property that enhances the facet of defense from unauthorized accidents. The communication with the server consents the user to pick out the receivable device. This design proposed an efficient control of home automation system

Immobilization of ZnO Suspension on Glass Substrate to Remove Filtration During the Removal of Remazol Red R from Aqueous Solution

Photodegradation of textile dyes in the presence of an aqueous suspension of semiconductor oxides has been of growing interest. Although this method of destruction of dyes is efficient, the main obstacle of applying this technique in the industry is the time and cost involving separation of oxides from an aqueous suspension. In this research, an attempted was made to develop ZnO films on a glass substrate by simple immobilization method for the adsorption and photodegradation of a typical dye, Remazol Red R (RRR) from aqueous solution. Adsorption and photodegradation of  RRR were performed in the presence of glass supported ZnO film. Photodegradation of the dye was carried out by varying different parameters such as the catalyst dosage, initial concentrations of RRR, and light sources. The percentage of adsorption as well as photodegradation increased with the amount of ZnO, reaches a maximum and then decreased. Maximum degradation has been found under solar light irradiation as compared to UV-light irradiation. Removal efficiency was also found to be influenced by the pre-sonication of ZnO suspension