Thermal conductivity and contact resistance of compressed gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cell

This paper discusses the effect of compression pressure on the mechanical and thermal properties of gas diffusion layers (GDL). The stress-strain curve of the GDL revealed one nonlinear and two piecewise linear regions within the compression pressure range of 0 to 5.5 MPa. The thermal conductivity of the compressed GDL was found to be independent of the compression pressure and was determined to be 1.18 ± 0.11 W m-1 K-1. The thermal contact resistance between the GDL and graphite was evaluated by augmenting experiments with computer modeling. The thermal contact resistance decreased nonlinearly with increasing compression pressure. According to results here, the thermal bulk resistance of the GDL is comparable to the thermal contact resistance between the GDL and graphite. A simple one dimensional model predicted a temperature drop of 1.7-4.4 °C across the GDL and catalyst layer depending on compression pressures

Sleep During Menopausal Transition : A 6-Year Follow-Up

Correction: Volume44, Issue12 Article Numberzsab211 DOI10.1093/sleep/zsab211 PublishedDEC 2021Study Objectives: Menopausal transition is associated with increased dissatisfaction with sleep, but the effects on sleep architecture are conflicting. This prospective 6-year follow-up study was designed to evaluate the changes in sleep stages and sleep continuity that occur in women during menopausal transition. Methods: Sixty women (mean age 46.0 years, SD 0.9) participated. All women were premenopausal at baseline, and at the 6-year follow-up, women were in different stages of menopausal transition. Polysomnography was used to study sleep architecture at baseline and follow-up. The effects of aging and menopause (assessed as change in serum follicle-stimulating hormone [S-FSH]) on sleep architecture were evaluated using linear regression models. Results: After controlling for body mass index, vasomotor, and depressive symptoms, aging of 6 years resulted in shorter total sleep time (B -37.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] -71.5 to (-3.3)), lower sleep efficiency (B -6.5, 95% CI -12.7 to (-0.2)), as well as in increased transitions from slow-wave sleep (SWS) to wakefulness (B 1.0, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.9), wake after sleep onset (B 37.7, 95% CI 12.5 to 63.0), awakenings per hour (B 1.8, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.8), and arousal index (B 2.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 4.4). Higher S-FSH concentration in menopausal transition was associated with increased SWS (B 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16) after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusions: A significant deterioration in sleep continuity occurs when women age from 46 to 52 years, but change from premenopausal to menopausal state restores some SWS.Peer reviewe

Cognitive functions and symptoms predicting later use of psychiatric services following mild traumatic brain injury in school-age

Objective To investigate whether neuropsychological test performance or presence of some specific injury symptoms at 1-3 months following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can help to identify the children at risk for developing post-traumatic psychiatric symptoms. Methods Data from 120 children and adolescents aged 7-15 years, treated at Turku University Hospital between 2010 and 2016 due to mTBI, and who had undergone neuropsychological evaluation at 1-3 months following injury, were enrolled from the hospital records. Neuropsychological test performancesand injury symptom reports were retrospectively retrieved from the patient files. Results Slow information processing speed (p = 0.044), emotion regulation deficit (p = 0.014), impulsivity (p = 0.013), verbal processing difficulties (p = 0.042) and headache (p = 0.026) were independent predictors for having later contact in psychiatric care. Conclusions Neuropsychological examination containing measure of information processing speed, injury symptom interview, and parental questionnaires on behavioural issues of the child at 1-3 months following mTBI seems to be useful in detecting children with risk for post traumatic psychiatric symptoms. Targeted support and guidance for this group of children and adolescents and their families are recommended to prevent the development of an unfavorable psychosocial outcome.Peer reviewe

Prolonged partial upper airway obstruction during sleep - an underdiagnosed phenotype of sleep-disordered breathing

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a well-recognized disorder conventionally diagnosed with an elevated apnea–hypopnea index. Prolonged partial upper airway obstruction is a common phenotype of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which however is still largely underreported. The major reasons for this are that cyclic breathing pattern coupled with arousals and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation are easy to detect and considered more important than prolonged episodes of increased respiratory effort with increased levels of carbon dioxide in the absence of cycling breathing pattern and repetitive arousals. There is also a growing body of evidence that prolonged partial obstruction is a clinically significant form of SDB, which is associated with symptoms and co-morbidities which may partially differ from those associated with OSAS. Partial upper airway obstruction is most prevalent in women, and it is treatable with the nasal continuous positive pressure device with good adherence to therapy. This review describes the characteristics of prolonged partial upper airway obstruction during sleep in terms of diagnostics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and comorbidity to improve recognition of this phenotype and its timely and appropriate treatment.</p

Cognitive functions and symptoms predicting later use of psychiatric services following mild traumatic brain injury in school-age

Objective: To investigate whether neuropsychological test performance or presence of some specific injury symptoms at 1-3 months following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can help to identify the children at risk for developing post-traumatic psychiatric symptoms.Methods: Data from 120 children and adolescents aged 7-15 years, treated at Turku University Hospital between 2010 and 2016 due to mTBI, and who had undergone neuropsychological evaluation at 1-3 months following injury, were enrolled from the hospital records. Neuropsychological test performancesand injury symptom reports were retrospectively retrieved from the patient files.Results: Slow information processing speed (p = 0.044), emotion regulation deficit (p = 0.014), impulsivity (p = 0.013), verbal processing difficulties (p = 0.042) and headache (p = 0.026) were independent predictors for having later contact in psychiatric care.Conclusions: Neuropsychological examination containing measure of information processing speed, injury symptom interview, and parental questionnaires on behavioural issues of the child at 1-3 months following mTBI seems to be useful in detecting children with risk for post traumatic psychiatric symptoms. Targeted support and guidance for this group of children and adolescents and their families are recommended to prevent the development of an unfavorable psychosocial outcome.Keywords: Traumatic brain injury; adolescents; children; mild traumatic brain injury; pediatric; psychiatric.</p

Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.Peer reviewe

Author Correction: Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch.

In the version of this article initially published, there was a mistake in the calculation of the nucleotide mutation rate per site per generation: 1 × 10−9 mutations per site per generation was used, whereas 9.5 × 10−9 was correct. This error affects the interpretation of population-size changes over time and their possible correspondence with known geological events, as shown in the original Fig. 4 and supporting discussion in the text, as well as details in the Supplementary Note. Neither the data themselves nor any other results are affected. Figure 4 has been revised accordingly. Images of the original and corrected figure panels are shown in the correction notice

Kyselytutkimus Sotkamon Jymyn kannattajille - ottelutapahtuman kehittäminen

Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee katsojien kokemaa asiakastyytyväisyyttä Sotkamon Jymyn ottelutapahtumissa kauden 2016 aikana. Työn toimeksiantajana on SuperJymy Oy. Toinen tutkijoista on tehnyt opintoihin liittyvän työharjoittelun SuperJymy Oy:ssä kesällä 2016. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää asiakastyytyväisyyttä ja kehityskohteita Sotkamon Jymyn ottelutapahtumissa kauden 2016 osalta. Tutkimus suoritettiin kvantitatiivisin menetelmin. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin sähköisellä Webropol-kyselyllä vuoden 2016 joulukuun ja 2017 tammikuun välisenä aikana. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 657 vastauksesta. Tutkimuksen kehikkoperusjoukko muodostui SuperJymyn sosiaalisen median kanavien seuraajista, ja kyselyyn jaettiin jakamalla kyseisissä kanavissa kyselyn linkkiä. Teoriaosuuden teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu tapahtumien ja asiakastyytyväisyyden kirjallisuudesta. Teoriaosuudessa avataan tapahtumien ja asiakastyytyväisyyden hyponyymit eli alaluokat erityispiirteineen. Tutkimuksessa kehikkoperusjoukolta selvitettiin tutkimuksen kannalta oleellisimmat tilastolliset muuttujat, tyytyväisyys ottelutapahtuman hyödykkeisiin ja tapahtuman ominaispiirteisiin. Suurin osa tutkimuksen kysymyksistä esitettiin strukturoidussa muodossa. Kvantitatiivinen tutkimus käsitti myös kaksi avointa kysymystä, jotka muodostettiin vastaamaan tutkimusongelmiin. Tutkimusongelmat jaettiin kahteen kysymykseen, jotka koskivat kannattajien ehdottamia kehityskohteita ottelutapahtumassa ja hyvän ottelutapahtuman tärkeimpiä elementtejä. Tutkimuksen perusteella pystytään jaottelemaan kannattajia eri vastaajaprofiilien mukaan, joiden motiivit osallistua tapahtumaan eroavat toisistaan yritystoiminnan kannalta merkittävällä tavalla. Tutkimuksessa ilmeni kannattajien tyytyväisyys olemassa oleviin hyödykkeisiin, mutta lisäpalveluja toivottiin ottelutapahtuman yhteyteen. Tuloksien perusteella tapahtuman vahvuudet liittyvät ottelutapahtuman tunnelmaan ja sitä edesauttaviin elementteihin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella heikkouksista merkittävimpiä olivat katetun katsomon puute sekä myyntipisteiden vähyys. SuperJymy Oy hyödyntää tutkimuksesta saatuja tuloksia tulevien kausien ottelutapahtumien suunnittelussa sekä suunnitteilla olevissa kenttäalueen uudistamishankkeissa. Erityisesti suomalaisessa akateemisessa kontekstissa ei ole yhtään kattavaa kvantitatiivista tutkimusta pesäpallon ottelutapahtumien suhteen. Opinnäytetyömme siis piirtää kansallisella tasolla suuntaviivoja ottelutapahtumien tutkimusten saralla.This thesis considers audience experiences in customer satisfaction during 2016 season. This thesis was ordered by company SuperJymy. One of the researches, who was involved in this thesis, has done internship along his studies in the same organization. The goal for this thesis was to discover the customer satisfaction and potential developmental areas in Sotkamon Jymys match-events during the 2016 season. The research was made in quantitative methods. The information for the research was gathered with an internet Webropol-survey in the period of December of 2016 and in January 2017. The material for the thesis consists of 657 answers. The researches frame population was made up of SuperJymys social media followers and fans, and the survey was distributed through the social media with a link to the survey. In the theoretical part, the theoretical framework consists of the events and the literature of the customer satisfaction. In the theoretical part the thesis will consider the subcategories of the event and customer satisfaction. In the research, information was gathered from the frame population about the most common statistical variables, the satisfaction in match-events services and the quality of the events. Most of the questions in the research was made to form in a structured format. The quantitative research also consisted of two open questions, which were formed to answer any possible research problems. The research problems were divided in two questions which considers the audience’s potential developmental areas in the match-events and other good possible elements of the match-event. Through this thesis, it will be made possible to divide the audience in to different audience profiles, which participate in to a match-event, being considerably different for business purposes. In the research, it became known about the satisfaction in the services provided, but there was interest in getting additional services that are linked to the match-event. The results show that the strengths are in getting the atmosphere great for the match-event. The results show that the weaknesses are the lack of roofed seating and the number of stores and services. Company that ordered the thesis will use the conclusions in planning match-events and in renovation plans for the stadium. In finnish academic context there has not been done a quantitative study about pesäpallos match-events. This thesis will provide guidelines on a national level in considering the match-event