76 research outputs found
Approaches of production planning and control under Industry 4.0: A literature review
Purpose: Industry 4.0 technologies significantly impact how production is planned, scheduled, and controlled. Literature provides different classifications of the tasks and functions of production planning and control (PPC) like the German Aachen PPC model. This research aims to identify and classify current Industry 4.0 approaches for planning and controlling production processes and to reveal researched and unexplored areas of the model. It extends a reduced version that has been published previously in Procedia Computer Science (Herrmann, Tackenberg, Padoano & Gamber, 2021) by presenting and discussing its results in more detail. Design/methodology/approach: In an exploratory literature review, we review and classify 48 publications on a full-text basis with the Aachen PPC model’s tasks and functions. Two cluster analyses reveal researched and unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Findings: We propose a cyber-physical PPC architecture, which incorporates current Industry 4.0 technologies, current optimization methods, optimization objectives, and disturbances relevant for realizing a PPC system in a smart factory. Current approaches mainly focus on production control using real-time information from the shop floor, part of in-house PPC. We discuss the different layers of the cyber-physical PPC architecture and propose future research directions for the unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Research limitations/implications: Limitations are the strong dependence of results on search terms used and the subjective eligibility assessment and assignment of publications to the Aachen PPC model. The selection of search terms and the texts’ interpretation is based on an individual’s assessment. The revelation of unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model might have a different outcome if the search term combination is parameterized differently. Originality/value: Using the Aachen PPC model, which holistically models PPC, the findings give comprehensive insights into the current advances of tools, methods, and challenges relevant to planning and controlling production processes under Industry 4.0Peer Reviewe
An Educational Serious Game for investigating perceived Impacts of Digital Technologies on Employee Well-Being and Organizational Performance
... This paper presents a serious game in which players assess digital technologies’ impact on organizational performance and employee well-being, enabling to collect data about intercultural differences between people’s decisions. Serious games are games designed to acquire knowledge or skills through playful applications (Dörner, Göbel, Effelsberg, & Wiemeyer, 2016) but enable to collect data from collective activities while playing the game.Applying the serious game in an educational context, the aims of the serious game are twofold: 1. To educate players about evaluating the impact of technological solutions on multiple objectives of employee well-being and organizational performance. 2. To investigate intercultural diferences in people’s choices between traditional and technological solutions concerning organizational performance and employee well-being. [Aus: Introduction
Use-Case Studie eines auf der Nutzung von Handlungsfehlern basierenden AR-Lernsystems zur kritischen Reflexion der technischen Umsetzbarkeit
Empirische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass das Verursachen von Fehlern und das Erleben von Fehlerkonsequenzen eine effektive Lerngelegenheit darstellen (Harteis, Bauer & Gruber, 2008, Kapur, 2015). Daher wird ein Lernsystem für die gewerblichtechnische Berufsbildung entwickelt, welches auf der Simulation von bestehenden Arbeitsprozessen basiert und die Repräsentation von aus menschlichen Handlungen resultierenden Fehlerkonsequenzen ermöglicht. Während der Nutzung des Systems arbeiten Lernende an einem realen Arbeitsplatz und können schwerwiegende, negative Handlungsfolgen statt in der Realität in AR erfahren. Die Fehlerkonsequenzen werden Lernenden durch die Integration einer Augmented-Reality-Anwendung (AR) visualisiert. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die technische Umsetzbarkeit eines solchen ARLernsystems. Hierzu wird ein eigens entwickelter Use-Case herangezogen, welcher eine realitätsnahe Arbeitsaufgabe abbildet
SUPPORTING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES BY ARTIFACT-ORIENTED DESCRIPTION AND SELECTION OF METHODS
Systems Engineering (SE) is becoming increasingly relevant in industrial application since more stakeholders are involved in engineering activities. To implement SE, companies have to adapt existing engineering processes and methods. This adaption requires knowledge about new methods as well as their integration into the engineering activities. In order to ensure goal-oriented identification of methods for different SE activities in this contribution an action field profile and the Systems Engineering Method Matrix are proposed. The development of both tools is driven by the assumption that most SE activities and methods can be described based on the artefacts the deliver. In order to get feedback about the proposed tools, semi-structured interviews with two industry partners were conducted, focussing on the tool\u27s usability. These interviews underline the basic usability of the tools and their support to identify SE activities to be supported by (new) methods. Moreover, requirements for further development and adaption are derived from the interviews
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts
Konzept für die operative Fertigungsplanung unter Berücksichtigung der Kompetenzen von Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
Die operative Fertigungsplanung für die Produktions¬bereiche von Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen steht vor der Herausforderung, die Kompetenzen und die individuellen Verhaltensweisen der Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf bei einer gleichzeitigen Erfüllung der wirtschaftlichen Vorgaben angemessen zu berücksichtigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt daher einen simulationsgestützten Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Fertigungsplänen. Hierzu erfolgt eine Allokation von Aufgaben zu Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf unter Berücksichtigung der Funktionen von Assistenzsystemen in der Fertigung sowie einer zu erreichenden Lernwirksamkeit einer Aufgabenbearbeitung. Der realisierte Algorithmus wird anhand eines Planungsproblems für die Zielgrößen Wirtschaftlichkeit und Lernförderlichkeit verifiziert
METHODS OF CHANGE IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
During product development, the customer or internal stakeholders initiate changes concerning the components or functions of a cyber-physical system (CPS). The complexity of such a CPS causes difficulties in evaluating the effects of a component change. Accordingly, product developers need an assistance system to quantify the impact of a component change on hardware, software, system functions, and production processes. Therefore, this paper focuses on concepts to evaluate the effects of component, functional, and process changes and contributes to its clarification and further understanding of the importance and requirements for such an assistance system. The literature review assesses the identified methods regarding their objectives, application objects, level of automation, and relations characteristics. However, the literature review pointed out that the change prediction method from Clarkson et al. (2004) is well-established in the literature and able to quantify the impact of a change
Konzept zur Simulation des Entscheidungsverhaltens von Arbeitspersonen bei der Produktion kundenindividueller Produkte
Der Einsatz von neuen Informationstechnologien führt zu einer signifikanten Veränderung der individuellen Arbeitsorganisation der Arbeitspersonen auf dem Shopfloor eines Unternehmens. Durch den Einsatz von mobilen Assistenzsystemen werden neue Möglichkeiten geschaffen, Aufgaben an die Mitarbeiter situationsbezogen zu delegieren und Bearbeitungsstände zu überwachen. Trotz einer verstärkt algorithmenbasierten Planung der Arbeit, bestehen im Rahmen einer Werkstattorganisation weiterhin vielfältige Freiheitsgrade hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung der individuellen Arbeitsorganisation. Eine Beobachtung von realen Arbeitsabläufen führte daher zu der Entwicklung eines Bayesschen Netz zur Beschreibung des Verhaltens einer Arbeitsperson in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Informationen. Das entwickelte Netz berechnet hierbei die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Arbeitsperson aus einem Aufgabenpool eine Aufgabe auswählt und eine spezifische Handlung ausführt. Für das Bayessche Netz wird ein aktororientiertes Simulationsmodell zur Beschreibung einer individuellen Arbeitsorganisation einführend vorgestellt
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