1,896 research outputs found
Asumismenojen huomioon ottaminen toimeentulotuessa ja yleinen toimeentulotukitilanne kunnissa ja kuntayhtymissä syksyllä 2009
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Haastavat asiakkuusprosessit Kelassa : Tutkimus haastavista asiakasryhmistä ja sosiaaliturvan (toimeenpanon) ongelmista
Byrokraatti vai asiakaspalvelija? : Kelan virkailijan toimintatavat ja roolit Yhteyskeskuksessa palvelukulttuurin muutosten keskellä
Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan puhelinpalvelussa työskentelevien Kelan virkailijoiden toimintatapoja ja rooleja asiakaspalvelutilanteissa palvelukulttuurin muutosten keskellä. Aineistona käytettiin Kelan yhteyskeskukseen tulleita asiakaspuheluita, joita analysoitiin laadullisilla tutkimusmenetelmillä. Tutkimuksessa pureudutaan aluksi vuonna 2006 käynnistyneen palvelutoiminnan kehittämishankkeen taustoihin. Hankkeessa on haluttu rakentaa Kelaan uudenlaista, asiakaslähtöisempää palvelukulttuuria ja pyritty karistamaan byrokratiaan usein liitettäviä negatiivisia mielikuvia. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten kehittämishankkeessa asetetut tavoitteet heijastuvat virkailijoiden toimintatapoihin puhelinpalvelussa ja mitkä toimintatavat tuottavat heistä mielikuvan asiakaspalvelijoina, mitkä byrokraatteina. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen näkökulma perustuu Erving Goffmanin, Peter L. Bergerin ja Thomas Luckmannin rooliteorioihin, Michael Lipskyn katutason byrokraatti -käsitteeseen ja institutionaalisen vuorovaikutuksen tutkimukseen. Tulokset osoittavat, että monet virkailijoiden toimintatavat puhelinpalvelussa tukevat mielikuvaa virkailijoista asiakaspalvelijoina. Virkailijat suhtautuvat asiakkaisiin ystävällisesti ja avuliaasti, kiirehtivät oma-aloitteisesti asiakkaan etuusasian käsittelyä ja toimivat aktiivisesti asiakkaan parhaaksi. Kokemus yksilöllisestä palvelusta syntyy virkailijan puhutellessa asiakasta yksilöidysti. Kieltäytyessään katsomasta asioita asiakkaan näkökulmasta ja vältellessään viittaamista asiakkaaseen virkailijat puolestaan luovat itselleen roolin kasvottomasti palvelevina byrokraatteina. Tulokset osoittavat myös, ettei puhelinpalvelun organisointitapa tue palvelutoiminnan kehittämishankkeessa asetettua tavoitetta kokonaisvaltaisesta, asiakkaan elämäntilanteen huomioivasta asiakaspalvelusta.8,00 euro
Density functional theory of the phase diagram of maximum density droplets in two-dimensional quantum dots in a magnetic field
We present a density-functional theory (DFT) approach to the study of the
phase diagram of the maximum density droplet (MDD) in two-dimensional quantum
dots in a magnetic field. Within the lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation,
analytical expressions are derived for the values of the parameters (number
of electrons) and (magnetic field) at which the transition from the MDD to
a ``reconstructed'' phase takes place. The results are then compared with those
of full Kohn-Sham calculations, giving thus information about both correlation
and Landau level mixing effects. Our results are also contrasted with those of
Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations, showing that DFT predicts a more compact
reconstructed edge, which is closer to the result of exact diagonalizations in
the LLL.Comment: ReVTeX 3.
Dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic modes
We study the dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic
modes using a system plus reservoir approach with realistic magnetoelastic
coupling. After integrating out the elastic modes we obtain a self-contained
equation for the dynamics of the magnetization.
We find explicit expressions for the memory friction kernel and hence, {\em
via} the Fluctuation-Dissipation
Theorem, for the spectral density of the magnetization thermal fluctuations.
For magnetic samples in which the single domain approximation is valid, we
derive an equation for the dynamics of the uniform mode.
Finally we apply this equation to study the dynamics of the uniform
magnetization mode in insulating ferromagnetic thin films.
As experimental consequences we find that the fluctuation correlation time is
of the order of the ratio between the film thickness, , and the speed of
sound in the magnet and that the line-width of the ferromagnetic resonance peak
should scale as where is the magnetoelastic coupling constant.Comment: Revised version as appeared in print. 12 pages 9 figure
Segregation, precipitation, and \alpha-\alpha' phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys: a multi-scale modelling approach
Segregation, precipitation, and phase separation in Fe-Cr systems is
investigated. Monte Carlo simulations using semiempirical interatomic
potential, first-principles total energy calculations, and experimental
spectroscopy are used. In order to obtain a general picture of the relation of
the atomic interactions and properties of Fe-Cr alloys in bulk, surface, and
interface regions several complementary methods has to be used. Using Exact
Muffin-Tin Orbitals method the effective chemical potential as a function of Cr
content (0-15 at.% Cr) is calculated for a surface, second atomic layer and
bulk. At ~10 at.% Cr in the alloy the reversal of the driving force of a Cr
atom to occupy either bulk or surface sites is obtained. The Cr containing
surfaces are expected when the Cr content exceeds ~10 at.%. The second atomic
layer forms about 0.3 eV barrier for the migration of Cr atoms between bulk and
surface atomic layer. To get information on Fe-Cr in larger scales we use
semiempirical methods. Using combined Monte Carlo molecular dynamics
simulations, based on semiempirical potential, the precipitation of Cr into
isolated pockets in bulk Fe-Cr and the upper limit of the solubility of Cr into
Fe layers in Fe/Cr layer system is studied. The theoretical predictions are
tested using spectroscopic measurements. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and Auger electron spectroscopy investigations were carried out to explore Cr
segregation and precipitation in Fe/Cr double layer and Fe_0.95Cr_0.05 and
Fe_0.85Cr_0.15 alloys. Initial oxidation of Fe-Cr was investigated
experimentally at 10^-8 Torr pressure of the spectrometers showing intense
Cr_2O_3 signal. Cr segregation and the formation of Cr rich precipitates were
traced by analysing the experimental spectral intensities with respect to
annealing time, Cr content, and kinetic energy of the exited electron.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 52 reference
Vantaan toimeentulotuen palveluyhteistyökokeilu : Asiakkaiden ja työntekijöiden kokemuksia Kelan ja sosiaalitoimen palveluyhteistyöstä
Maximum-entropy theory of steady-state quantum transport
We develop a theoretical framework for describing steady-state quantum transport phenomena, based on the general maximum-entropy principle of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The general form of the many-body density matrix is derived, which contains the invariant part of the current operator that guarantees the nonequilibrium and steady-state character of the ensemble. Several examples of the theory are given, demonstrating the relationship of the present treatment to the widely used scattering-state occupation schemes at the level of the self-consistent single-particle approximation. The latter schemes are shown not to maximize the entropy, except in certain limits
The Atomic Slide Puzzle: Self-Diffusion of an Impure Atom
In a series of recent papers van Gastel et al have presented first
experimental evidence that impure, Indium atoms, embedded into the first layer
of a Cu(001) surface, are not localized within the close-packed surface layers
but make concerted, long excursions visualized in a series of STM images. Such
excursions occur due to continuous reshuffling of the surface following the
position exchanges of both impure and host atoms with the naturally occuring
surface vacancies. Van Gastel et al have also formulated an original
lattice-gas type model with asymmetric exchange probabilities, whose numerical
solution is in a good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper we
propose an exact lattice solution of several versions of this model.Comment: Latex, 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E (RC
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