De See weer frie …

A method is discussed to indicate principal areas for fisheries in the light of recent developments in European policies for the future development of marine offshore resources

Nutzungskonflikte zwischen Windparks und Fischerei in der Nordsee – was die marine Raumordnung noch nicht berücksichtigt

The current approval procedure for wind farm proposals in the German EEZ only considers site specific conflict analysis between the wind farm and fisheries. Due to the relatively small spatial coverage of single sites potential opportunity losses to the fisheries are always considered as low or negligible. Cumulative effects on fisheries that will occur once all proposed wind farms are in place are not yet considered adequately. However, those cumulative effects will be quite substantial because, in particular, opportunities to catch such valuable species as flatfish will be considerably reduced

Marine Spatial Planning and Fisheries: the Potential Economic Losses for Fisheries in the Context of Competing Interests in Coastal Zones

There is an increasing demand for marine space from many different economic sectors in the German coastal and exclusive economic zone: sand and gravel removal, wind farms, fisheries, shipping or oil and gas exploration. Additionally, the Natura 2000 directive requires the declaration of areas for nature con-servation. Opposite to other economic activities, fishing is not connected with distinct rights on areas or on specific fishing grounds. First assessments show that fishermen may face heavy losses in case of the exclusive allocation of space to other activities. In the first part we depict the different economic activities in the German EEZ and the current process of spatial planning. Then we give an overview on the legal framework including the property rights system in the fishing sector. In the third part we calculate pro-spective losses in the scenario of the closure of huge areas for fishing. It will be shown that the approval process for wind farms underestimates the consequences for fisheries due to the lack of data. In many cases a reallocation of fishing effort will not be viable because of the dependency of certain species on specific habitats and their low abundance in surrounding areas. Especially small scale fishermen can only fish near the shore. Their individual quota can be interpreted as a strong property right. A closure of areas may have the same effect as a dispossession. Finally, we give an outlook on the possible process in marine spatial planning in the coming years.Keywords: Fisheries and Coastal Zone Management, Fisheries Economics, Fishery Managemen

Evidence of local conformational fluctuations and changes in bacteriorhodopsin, dependent on lipids, detergents and trimeric structure, as studied by 13C NMR

AbstractWe examined how the local conformation and dynamics of [3-13C]Ala-labeled bacteriorhodopsin (bR) are altered as viewed from 13C NMR spectra when the natural membrane lipids are partly or completely replaced with detergents. It turned out that the major conformational features of bR, the αII-helices, are generally unchanged in the delipidated or solubilized preparations. Upon partial delipidation or detergent solubilization, however, a significant conformational change occurs, ascribed to local conversion of αII→αI-helix (one Ala residue involved), evident from the upfield displacement of the transmembrane helical peak from 16.4 ppm to 14.5 ppm, conformational change (one or two Ala residues) within αII-helices from 16.4 to 16.0 ppm, and acquired flexibility in the loop region (especially at the F–G loop) as manifested from suppressed peak-intensities in cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR spectra. On the other hand, formation of monomers as solubilized by Triton X-100, Triton N-101 and n-dodecylmaltoside is characterized by the presence of a peak at 15.5 ppm and a shifted absorption maximum (550 nm). The size of micelles under the first two conditions was small enough to yield 13C NMR signals observable by a solution NMR spectrometer, although 13C CP-MAS NMR signals were also visible from a fraction of large-sized micelles. We found that the 16.9 ppm peak (three Ala residues involved), visible by CP-MAS NMR, was displaced upfield when Schiff base was removed by solubilization with sodium dodecyl sulfate, consistent with our previous finding of bleaching to yield bacterioopsin

Intra-annual variability of biological, chemical and physical parameters at the Senghor seamount Cruise No. MSM61 18.02.2017 – 27.02.2017, Mindelo (Cabo Verde) – Las Palmas (Spain)

The main goal of cruise MSM61 was to install an autonomous multidisciplinary observatory at the summit of Senghor Seamount off the Cape Verdean archipelago. A suite of different mobile and moored instrument platforms equipped with physical, biological and biogeochemical instruments was deployed during the cruise in order to investigate spatio-temporal variability of physical and biogeochemical conditions and how these affect the local ecosystem at this openocean seamount. The research program further included hydrographic work, biological and biogeochemical sampling as well as video transects in the meso- and bathypelagic zones both at Senghor Seamount and at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO)