979 research outputs found
Avatars and Lebensform: Kirchberg 2007
Several years ago, after a decade of experiments in the software industry, I returned to academia and found philosophy colleagues troubled by the term âvirtual realityâ â a term which enjoys wide usage in the ?eld of immersive computing but which raises hackles in post-metaphysical philosophers. Some vocabulary in this paper may create similar unease, so a warning may be in order. What makes sense to software engineers may for philosophers carry too much baggage. Words like âempatheticâ or âempathicâ may cause similar discomfort for those with an allergy to Romanticism. While these adjectives associated with poets like Wordsworth, the term âempathyâ belongs equally to software designers and video-game artists who use it to describe the opposite of â?rst-person shooterâ software. Empathic, as opposed to âshoot âem upâ software, encourages the exchange of viewpoints beyond ?rst-person perspective and may even merge several perspectives. Rather than deepen a userâs ?rst-person point-of-view, empathic software offers a socializing experience, and in fact, is sometimes called âsocialâ software, âNet 2.0,â or âcomputer supported cooperative work.
Bridging Real and Virtual: A Spiritual Challenge
The question of how to bridge virtuality and reality intensified in 2016 with the release of several consumer products. The article begins by reviewing two anxieties about virtual reality raised at a 1999 conference. To address these anxieties, the paper draws on post-Jungian archetypal psychology (James Hillman, Thomas Moore) and the retrieval of Renaissance theology (Marsilio Ficino). Two experiences with Samsung Gear VR then illustrate how classic archetypal elements can contribute to active procedures for bridging the virtual and the real
The Russian Journey of Karel HavlĂÄek BorovskĂ˝
Little is known of Karel HavlĂÄek BorovskĂ˝ (1821-56) outside Czechoslovakia, but his fellow Czechs revere him. He is one of their nineteenth-century culture heroes - satirist of great finesse and a shrewd but always humane journalist and politician. The Russian journey proved to be the turning point in HavlĂÄek's life
Combining Multiband Remote Sensing and Hierarchical Distance Sampling to Establish Drivers of Bird Abundance
Information on habitat preferences is critical for the successful conservation of endangered
species. For many species, especially those living in remote areas, we currently lack this information.
Time and financial resources to analyze habitat use are limited. We aimed to develop a method to
describe habitat preferences based on a combination of bird surveys with remotely sensed fine-scale
land cover maps. We created a blended multiband remote sensing product from SPOT 6 and Landsat
8 data with a high spatial resolution. We surveyed populations of three bird species (Yellow-breasted
Bunting Emberiza aureola, Ochre-rumped Bunting Emberiza yessoensis, and Black-faced Bunting Emberiza
spodocephala) at a study site in the Russian Far East using hierarchical distance sampling, a survey
method that allows to correct for varying detection probability. Combining the bird survey data and
land cover variables from the remote sensing product allowed us to model population density as a
function of environmental variables. We found that even small-scale land cover characteristics were
predictable using remote sensing data with sufficient accuracy. The overall classification accuracy
with pansharpened SPOT 6 data alone amounted to 71.3%. Higher accuracies were reached via the
additional integration of SWIR bands (overall accuracy = 73.21%), especially for complex small-scale
land cover types such as shrubby areas. This helped to reach a high accuracy in the habitat models.
Abundances of the three studied bird species were closely linked to the proportion of wetland, willow
shrubs, and habitat heterogeneity. Habitat requirements and population sizes of species of interest
are valuable information for stakeholders and decision-makers to maximize the potential success of
habitat management measures
Lignin content and chemical characteristics in maize and wheat vary between plant organs and growth stages: consequences for assessing lignin dynamics in soil
Assessing lignin turnover in soil on the basis of a 13C natural abundance labeling approach relies on the assumption that chemical characteristics of labeled and control plant inputs are similar and that the 13C content difference between labeled and control plant inputs is constant within the plant parts. We analyzed lignin in soils, roots, stems and leaves of wheat and maize at different stages of growth using the cupric oxide oxidation method. In both plants, lignin concentrations increased with growth, particularly during grain filling. Maize contained more cinnamyl moieties than wheat. Roots had higher lignin contents (especially cinnamyl moieties) than stems and leaves, and seemed to contribute more to the total soil lignin than the aboveground parts. The isotopic differences (â δ13C) of lignin phenols were not significantly different (pâ>â0.05) between plant organs, confirming assumptions underlying the natural abundance 13C labeling approach. Our data show that lignin content and phenol distribution can vary between plant organs and with the time of harvest. Consequently, the amount of annual lignin input may vary as a function of root amount and harvest date, and thus can affect the calculated apparent turnover times of lignin in natural abundance 13C labeling experiment
Effect of corticosteroids during ongoing drug exposure in pantoprazole-induced interstitial nephritis
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) represents a significant cause of acute renal failure in hospital practice. An increasing number of drugs are known to cause AIN. Due to the lack of prospective, randomized clinical trials, the most effective management is still uncertain, especially the role of steroids in the resolution of interstitial nephritis remains to be further defined. We report on a case with pantoprazole-induced interstitial nephritis and on the effect of steroids during ongoing drug exposure. In spite of ongoing drug exposure, steroids led to almost complete resolution of the inflammatory infiltrates. Early diagnosis of interstitial nephritis by renal biopsy and identification of the causative drug and its withdrawal remains the mainstay of treatment. However, the additional use of steroids has the potential to eradicate inflammatory infiltrates more rapidly and completely and may thus be important to minimize subsequent chronic damag
Bayesian Analysis of Femtosecond Pump-Probe Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Spectra with Fluctuating Laser Intensities
This paper employs Bayesian probability theory for analyzing data generated
in femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO)
experiments. These experiments allow investigating ultrafast dynamical
processes in photoexcited molecules. Bayesian probability theory is
consistently applied to data analysis problems occurring in these types of
experiments such as background subtraction and false coincidences. We
previously demonstrated that the Bayesian formalism has many advantages,
amongst which are compensation of false coincidences, no overestimation of
pump-only contributions, significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio, and
applicability to any experimental situation and noise statistics. Most
importantly, by accounting for false coincidences, our approach allows running
experiments at higher ionization rates, resulting in an appreciable reduction
of data acquisition times. In addition to our previous paper, we include
fluctuating laser intensities, of which the straightforward implementation
highlights yet another advantage of the Bayesian formalism. Our method is
thoroughly scrutinized by challenging mock data, where we find a minor impact
of laser fluctuations on false coincidences, yet a noteworthy influence on
background subtraction. We apply our algorithm to data obtained in experiments
and discuss the impact of laser fluctuations on the data analysis
Apprendre Ă naviguer entre les livres, les ordinateurs portables et la discussion en face-Ă -face
Jack Goody sâest servi de la perspective des cultures prĂŠ-modernes pour apprĂŠhender plus clairement la relation entre langue orale et langue ĂŠcrite ainsi que ses implications sur le dĂŠveloppement social . Les dĂŠcouvertes de Goody soulèvent naturellement des questions au sujet du passage du langage typographiĂŠ / imprimĂŠ Ă celui mĂŠdiatisĂŠ par lâordinateur et lâinternet. Lâutilisation des ordinateurs pour tous les aspects de la communication ne peut quâaffecter la rĂŠflexion sur lâĂŠtat de la rela..
Prehypertensive blood pressures and regional cerebral blood flow independently relate to cognitive performance in midlife
Background
High blood pressure is thought to contribute to dementia in late life, but our understanding of the relationship between individual differences in blood pressure (
BP
) and cognitive functioning is incomplete. In this study, cognitive performance in nonhypertensive midlife adults was examined as a function of resting
BP
and regional cerebral blood flow (
rCBF
) responses during cognitive testing. We hypothesized that
BP
would be negatively related to cognitive performance and that cognitive performance would also be related to
rCBF
responses within areas related to
BP
control. We explored whether deficits related to systolic
BP
might be explained by
rCBF
responses to mental challenge.
Methods and Results
Healthy midlife participants (n=227) received neuropsychological testing and performed cognitive tasks in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling sequence assessed
rCBF
in brain areas related to
BP
in prior studies. Systolic
BP
was negatively related to 4 of 5 neuropsychological factors (standardized β>0.13): memory, working memory, executive function, and mental efficiency. The
rCBF
in 2 brain regions of interest was similarly related to memory, executive function, and working memory (standardized β>0.17); however,
rCBF
responses did not explain the relationship between resting systolic
BP
and cognitive performance.
Conclusions
Relationships at midlife between prehypertensive levels of systolic
BP
and both cognitive and brain function were modest but suggested the possible value of midlife intervention.
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Transfer Functions and Penetrations of Five Differential Mobility Analyzers for Sub-2 nm Particle Classification
The transfer functions and penetrations of five differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) for sub-2 nm particle classification were evaluated in this study. These DMAs include the TSI nanoDMA, the Caltech radial DMA (RDMA) and nanoRDMA, the Grimm nanoDMA, and the Karlsruhe-Vienna DMA. Measurements were done using tetra-alkyl ammonium ion standards with mobility diameters of 1.16, 1.47, and 1.70 nm. These monomobile ions were generated by electrospray followed by high resolution mobility classification. Measurements were focused at an aerosol-to-sheath flow ratio of 0.1. A data inversion routine was developed to obtain the true transfer function for each test DMA, and these measured transfer functions were compared with theory. DMA penetration efficiencies were also measured. An approximate model for diffusional deposition, based on the modified Gormley and Kennedy equation using an effective length, is given for each test DMA. These results quantitatively characterize the performance of the test DMAs in classifying sub-2 nm particles and can be readily used for DMA data inversion
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