A Meandered Line Patch Antenna at Low Frequency Range for Early Stage Breast Cancer Detection

Every year a concerning number of women are affected by breast cancer which is one of the deadliest and common types of cancers. Breast cancer is curable at early stages. For detecting breast cancer, there are several methods such as MRI, Mammography, Tomography, Ultrasound, and biopsy are available in medical technology. Still, none of them are as easy and efficient as a microwave imaging technique, in this method, the antenna plays an important role. Therefore, this paper focuses on developing an antenna at a low-frequency range for microwave imaging techniques to detect cancerous tissue inside the breast. For this, the antenna parameters, i.e., return loss, VSWR, directivity, current density, and specific absorption rate were studied, by setting the antenna over without tumor and with tumor breast as up-side-down, to ensure the compatibility of the antenna for the technique as well as for the patient’s body. A 5mm radius cancerous tumor was created inside the breast with dielectric conductivity of 4 and relative permittivity of 50. Cancerous cells were detected by reading the antenna parameters’ comparison between the healthy breast and the affected breast. The whole study was conducted by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO SUITE 2020.

Advanced Mutant Line Developed from Fatemadhan Shows Salinity Tolerance at both Seedling and Reproductive Stages

The generation of high-yielding rice mutants and their assessment under salt stress offers a great possibility to isolate salt tolerant line(s) with desired trait of interest. Two separate experiments were conducted at the seedling and reproductive stages of rice to assess the level of salinity tolerance of few advanced high-yielding rice mutants. In the first experiment, rice seedlings were grown under hydroponic conditions and 14-day-old seedlings were subjected to salt stress (EC=10 dS/m; 7 days). Salt stress caused significant reduction in root and shoot length and biomass and leaf chlorophyll content; however, a little reduction was found in the mutant Line-1. In contrast, a sharp increase in shoot Na+/K+ ratio was found in all the genotypes except, Binadhan-10, FL-478 and the mutant Line-1, which exhibited little increased ratio. The second experiment involved exposure of plant to salt stress (EC=10 dS/m) for three weeks at the late booting stage in a sizable plastic tub filled with field soil. Salt stress resulted in a significant decrease in yield and yield attributing traits in all the genotypes except Binadhan-10. Grain yield per panicle was found significantly positive correlation with panicle length, the number of filled grains per panicle, and 100-seed weight under both control and salt stress conditions. Based on the studied traits and stress tolerance indices, Binadhan-10 and mutant Line-1 categorized as salt tolerant and rest of the genotypes were categorized as susceptible, which is also evident from the biplot of principal component analysis. Considering the results from both of the experiments, mutant Line-1 was found tolerant genotype at both seedling and reproductive stage. However, further studies are required to determine the genetic issues controlling the salinity tolerance in mutant Line-1 and the high-yield potential of mutant Line-65 under control condition in a way to develop salt tolerant and high-yielding rice varieties, respectively

Assessment of the embryotoxic potential of contaminated sediments using fish embryotoxicity tests for the river Buriganga, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sediment samples from six different locations of Buriganga River following exposure to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs and larvae displayed prominent effects on both whole sediments and sediment organic extracts. The acute and sublethal effects during 96 h exposure period included (i) a significant (P<0.05) increase in morality and abnormalities in zebrafish eggs and embryos; (ii) a significant (P<0.05) reduction in hatching success and heart rate; (iii) increased frequency of helical tail and lordosis after 96 h exposure to sediment extracts; (iv) developmental delay and yolk sac edema after exposed to whole sediments at 96h exposure period. Chemical analysis showed the increaseds concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in downstream (S1, S2, and S3) compared to upstream (S4, S5, and S6), where some ions such as Cd and Cr exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency’s Threshold Effect Level (EPA TEL). The current study delineates the contamination of extremely toxic compounds in the sediment of Buriganga River, which may initiate toxic effects on the early life stages of fish. Therefore, integrating zebrafish embryo toxicity tests may be crucial for evaluating the sediment quality of polluted rivers

Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) Approach for Improving Balance in the Hemiplegic Stroke Patient: A Comprehensive Case Study

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a significant contributor to disability worldwide. The prevalence of stroke is highest in developing countries, with ischemic stroke being the most common type. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and the underlying mechanisms leading to ischemic insult. Stroke therapy primarily focuses on restoring blood flow to the brain and treating stroke-induced neurological damage. Pre-clinical and clinical care improvements will likely underpin successful stroke treatment, recovery, rehabilitation and prevention. The Bobath approach, also known as neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT), is a widely used concept in the rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiparesis in many countries. This technique has been operated for years worldwide; however, strong evidence of its usefulness remains absent. Methodology: In this case study, by applying the Bobath approach, the researcher saw a significant change in his patient regarding movement, posture, balance, and coordination. Results: After seven (07) days of therapeutic intervention, the goal was achieved as reasonable postural control in sitting and standing, which was not during the assessment day. Now, the patient has been walking with minimum support and less compensatory movement present on the opposite side, but during the assessment, he required maximum support and could not walk. He needs more therapeutic intervention for independent walking. He also had limited movement in his Right upper limb. Conclusion & Recommendation: Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) is a practical treatment approach for stroke rehabilitation, especially for improving movement, posture, balance and coordination. For this case, the Physiotherapist must be more involved in his gait reeducation and upper Limb complications to achieve optimal levels of functional and ADLs status like grasping objects with his hand, carrying objects while maintaining proper alignment, etc

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background: Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. // Methods: For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. // Findings: By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4–82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5–42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4–41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3–84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4–44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4–81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6–60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4–15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. // Interpretation: After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines

The Importance of Multilingualism in a Globalized World : Understanding multilingualism

In today\u27s interconnected and globalized world, multilingualism has become increasingly important. Being able to communicate in more than one language has become a necessary skill, not just for individuals but also for businesses and organizations. With the ease of travel and the internet, people from different cultures and countries are interacting with each other more frequently, and the ability to communicate effectively across language barriers is vital. Multilingualism has many benefits, both personal and professional. For individuals, it can open up new opportunities for work, travel, and cultural experiences. It also helps to develop cognitive skills, such as improved memory, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. For businesses and organizations, being able to communicate with clients and customers in their native language can build trust, establish rapport, and increase sales. In addition to the practical benefits, multilingualism also plays a crucial role in promoting diversity, inclusivity, and understanding. It allows people to communicate and connect with others from different backgrounds and cultures, breaking down barriers and fostering empathy and respect. Overall, in a globalized world where cross-cultural communication is essential, multilingualism is a valuable asset that can enhance personal and professional opportunities, foster diversity and inclusivity, and promote understanding and respect between people of different cultures and languages. References Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Duggirala, V., Surampudi, B., Shailaja, M., Shukla, A. K., Chaudhuri, J. R., Kaul, S., &amp; Meenakshi-Sundaram, S. (2013). Bilingualism delays age at onset of dementia, independent of education and immigration status. Neurology, 81(22), 1938-1944. Bak, T. H., Nissan, J. J., Allerhand, M. M., &amp; Deary, I. J. (2014). Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging? Annals of Neurology, 75(6), 959-963. Dewaele, J. M., Chen, X., Padilla, A. M., &amp; Lake, J. (2018). The effects of multilingualism on personality traits and linguistic practices. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39(10), 867-880. Dey, M. (2021). Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 3(2), 105-110. Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Harvard University Press. Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject. Oxford University Press. Marian, V., &amp; Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum, 2012, 13. Ryan, E. B., &amp; Giles, H. (Eds.). (2008). The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication. Routledge. Wei, L., &amp; Moyer, M. G. (2008). The Blackwell guide to research methods in bilingualism and multilingualism. Blackwell Publishing

The Importance of Multilingualism in a Globalized World : Understanding multilingualism

In today\u27s interconnected and globalized world, multilingualism has become increasingly important. Being able to communicate in more than one language has become a necessary skill, not just for individuals but also for businesses and organizations. With the ease of travel and the internet, people from different cultures and countries are interacting with each other more frequently, and the ability to communicate effectively across language barriers is vital. Multilingualism has many benefits, both personal and professional. For individuals, it can open up new opportunities for work, travel, and cultural experiences. It also helps to develop cognitive skills, such as improved memory, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. For businesses and organizations, being able to communicate with clients and customers in their native language can build trust, establish rapport, and increase sales. In addition to the practical benefits, multilingualism also plays a crucial role in promoting diversity, inclusivity, and understanding. It allows people to communicate and connect with others from different backgrounds and cultures, breaking down barriers and fostering empathy and respect. Overall, in a globalized world where cross-cultural communication is essential, multilingualism is a valuable asset that can enhance personal and professional opportunities, foster diversity and inclusivity, and promote understanding and respect between people of different cultures and languages. References Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Duggirala, V., Surampudi, B., Shailaja, M., Shukla, A. K., Chaudhuri, J. R., Kaul, S., &amp; Meenakshi-Sundaram, S. (2013). Bilingualism delays age at onset of dementia, independent of education and immigration status. Neurology, 81(22), 1938-1944. Bak, T. H., Nissan, J. J., Allerhand, M. M., &amp; Deary, I. J. (2014). Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging? Annals of Neurology, 75(6), 959-963. Dewaele, J. M., Chen, X., Padilla, A. M., &amp; Lake, J. (2018). The effects of multilingualism on personality traits and linguistic practices. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39(10), 867-880. Dey, M. (2021). Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 3(2), 105-110. Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Harvard University Press. Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject. Oxford University Press. Marian, V., &amp; Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum, 2012, 13. Ryan, E. B., &amp; Giles, H. (Eds.). (2008). The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication. Routledge. Wei, L., &amp; Moyer, M. G. (2008). The Blackwell guide to research methods in bilingualism and multilingualism. Blackwell Publishing

Characterization of top barrier thickness from gate capacitance of high mobility III-V semiconductor MOS-HEMT devices

We investigate the effect of varying the top barrier thickness on the gate C–V characteristics of InGaAs and InSb MOS-HEMT devices. The gate capacitance of these devices exhibits a sharp increase at certain gate voltages under both accumulation and inversion bias. The gate voltages at which some of these sharp changes occur depend on the thickness of the top barrier layer. The sharp rise in gate capacitance appears as a peak in the derivative of the capacitance with respect to the gate voltage. The positions of certain peaks of the derivative as a function of the gate voltage give information on the thickness of the top barrier layer. By exploiting this trend it is possible to extract the barrier thickness from the gate C–V characteristics. Keywords: III-V semiconductor, Gate capacitance, MOS-HEMT, Barrier thickness, Characterizatio