Detecting Land use/cover dynamics and land suitability mapping for Irbid governorate using an integrated approach

This research proposes to design an approach recognizing land use/cover change for Irbid governorate from 1985 to 2015 in 10 years period bases, with an agriculture suitability map using remote sensing and GIS. In this paper, ENVI6 was used to analyse Landsat images, which helps to understand the land uses’ classes. LULC Changes results showed an increase in urban land, from 2% in 1985 reached to 11% in 2015; soil and agricultural classes had declined, in 1985 they were 74% of the total area, and reduced to 67% in 2015.  Irbid Governorate’s change detection results revealed that the decline of agriculture and rock land areas is due to the accelerated expansion of urbanization, which negatively affects agricultural lands. Modelling the area showed high suitability for agricultural activities, which should be considered for the upcoming plans

Characterization and Anaerobic Biodegradation of Single House Wastewater

Anaerobic biodegradation and characterization of wastewater produced at household level in rural areas in Jordan were considered in this study in order to investigate the possibility of applying house onsite low cost treatment systems. Results showed that the total chemical oxygen demand (CODtot) was 1.8 times higher during summer than during winter. The average CODtot during summer and winter amounted to 2982 mg/l and 1683 mg/l, respectively. The suspended fraction of the COD represents 41% and 38% of CODtot for summer and winter, respectively. Maximum anaerobic biodegradability of the wastewater was found to be 43% (COD basis) for unseeded samples and 59% for seeded samples after 159 days of digestion at 25ºC. Hydrolysis rate constant for the seeded samples was calculated to be 0.006 d-1 (R2= 0.877). Low biodegradability measured for the wastewater was mainly attributed to excessive use of detergents and disinfectants. Accordingly, household habits should be changed before effective biological anaerobic treatment can be considered

The Diplomatic and Political Relations between the Kingdoms of Aragon and Granada during the Reign of Pedro IV (737-789 AH / 1336-1387 AD)

This study investigated the diplomatic relations between the Kingdoms of Granada and Aragon during the reign of King Pedro IV (737-789 AH / 1336-1387 AD). The study also explored the political conditions of the two Kingdoms, and how such political conditions contributed to the exchange of embassies and the conclusion of a number of treaties between them, such as the treaty of 745 AH / 1344 AD, the treaty of 759 AH / 1357 AD, the treaty of 768 AH / 1367 AD, and the treaty of 779 AH / 1377 AD. The study also analyzed the correspondence and terms of treaties between the two kingdoms. The diplomatic correspondence and treaties emphasized the depth of the relationships of friendship and affection between the two kingdoms, and also emphasized each party’s pursuit to preserve the security of its kingdom’s borders and its political, diplomatic and military relations. This consequently had some positive consequences, such as assuring the Kingdom of Granada that the Kingdom of Aragon would not attack its lands. Indeed, this will leave it with only the Kingdom of Castile as an enemy, which was seizing every opportunity to recover some lands from the Kingdom of Granada because she considers it her territory that must be redeemed. Therefore, the Kingdom of Granada gained an ally against the Kingdom of Castile who can support her occasionally. However, for various reasons, some of these treaties are violated by Aragon from time to time. The study has a reached a number of findings, most notably: The relations between the kingdoms of Aragon and Granada were not severed, but they were sometimes interrupted due to wars, which led to the signing of a number of peace treaties between the two parties; the expansion of diplomatic exchange between the two kingdoms to include embassies, with the aim of resolving some contentious issues between the two sides, such as piracy, prisoners, and sometimes military interests that required each party to support the other in their wars, especially with Castile. It also became clear that the treaties of peace and peaceful coexistence between Granada and Aragon were characterized by fluctuation because they were fragile and weak due to wars at times and peace at others. Other factors contributing to this fluctuation include the Sultans of Granada\u27s commitment to uphold the will of peace in relations that are compatible with the interests of their state, as well as King Pedro IV\u27s policy of pursuing Aragonese expansion through diplomacy and aid and assistance. Because of this policy, he was able to sign peace treaties with the Kingdom of Granada

The Degree of Schools Principals Practice of Spiritual Leadership and its Relation to the Level of Teachers Job Performance in Bani Obaid District

The study aims at identifying the degree of school principals practice of spiritual leadership and its relationship to the level of job performance of teachers. The descriptive-relational approach was used. The study sample consisted of (350) male and female teachers divided into 4 components (paragraph 2) as an electronic questionnaire for the study, the leadership tool was used, Spiritual (to see, hope and faith, love and altruism, advocacy and membership), and the second axis paragraphs areas of job performance (inclusiveness, quality of work, and quantity of work). The outcome shows that the promotion of the spiritual leadership of the managers came medium and for all its dimensions as it came in the first place in the dimension of hope and faith, followed by the dimension of the membership, and the last rank came with the advocacy of a moderate degree, it also came to the level Work, the last rank after comprehensiveness and clarity. The study advocates principals of schools to training programs and awareness workshops to introduce them to the concept of spiritual leadership, its characteristics, and its importance in improving the level of job performance of teachers

The effect of transurethral resection of the prostate on erectile and ejaculatory functions in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TURP on erectile function (EF) and ejaculatory function (EJF). Methods: A total of 91 patients who underwent TURP were retrospectively assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5): group A included 41 patients with normal EF, and group B included 50 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). All patients were evaluated for EF and EJF at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after TURP by using IIEF-5, Ejaculatory Domain-Male Sexual-Health Inventory (Ej-MSHQ). Results: In group A, there were no significant statistical differences in mean IIEF-5 at baseline and after TURP 22.88 ± 0.81 versus 22.63 ± 2.63 (p = 0.065). However, in group B, there was significant improvement in IIEF-5 after TURP all over the follow-up time points in comparison to the baseline (p = <0.001). The loss of EJF was significant among patients in group A. There was significant improvement of IPSS and Qmax in group A after surgery compared to group B. Conclusion: The results confirmed that TURP has no significant negative influence on EF, and patients with preexisting ED were improved after TURP. On the contrary, the loss of EJF was significant

Sustainable digital communication using perceived enjoyment with a technology acceptance model within higher education, in Jordan

The technology acceptance model (TAM) has garnered considerable attention within higher education in Jordan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we still need to understand how to progress the TAM to enhance educational sustainability. “Perceived enjoyment” (PE) is a significant predictor of perceived ease of use, intention to use technology, use e-learning systems for educational sustainability, and attitudes toward using the TAM. This study aims to reveal the role of sustainable digital communication using PE with the TAM within higher education in Jordan. An online survey was conducted using a random sample of students at the University of Jordan, which reached 576 participants. The results of a subsequent path analysis of the survey data revealed that PE, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward using digital communication strategies were dominant in affecting student intention to use sustainable digital communication. We found that the students would like to use digital communication strategies due to their ease of use and because they can enhance self-education. However, students need to enhance their usage skills, and to better understand digital communication strategies. Moreover, we found that the TAM, PE, perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived usefulness (PU) immediately and favorably affect attitudes toward usage (ATU) and behavioral intention (BI). PEU negatively affected the intention of students to use technology through ATU, while PE had a significant impact on the PU, PEU, ATU, and BI of using digital communication strategies. Information and communication technologies (ICT) developers in the Jordanian Higher Education environment should create systems that are user-friendly and pertinent to the sustainability of student education, to raise their perceived ease of use. Managers should also encourage students to use ICT

Causes of death and survival analysis for patients with retinoblastoma in Jordan

PurposeTo analyze causes and prognostic factors for death among Retinoblastoma (Rb) patients treated at a single specialized tertiary cancer center in Jordan.MethodsWe reviewed the mortality causes for all Rb patients who have been treated at the King Hussein Cancer Center between 2003 and 2019 and were followed for at least 3 years after diagnosis. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, tumor stage, treatment modalities, metastasis, survival, and causes of death.ResultsTwenty-four (5%) of the 478 patients died from retinoblastoma and 5-year survival was 94%. The mean age at diagnosis was 15 months (median, 18 months; range, 4–38 months); eight (33%) received diagnoses within the first year of life. Eleven (46%) were boys, 16 (67%) had bilateral disease, and 3 (13%) had a positive family history. The stage for the worst eye was C for 1 (4%) patient, D in 6 (25%) patients, and E (T3) in 15 (63%) patients. Two patients had extraocular Rb at diagnosis, and four of the patients who had intraocular Rb at diagnosis refused treatment and then came back with extraocular Rb. In total, extraocular disease was encountered in six eyes (six patients). After a 120-month median follow-up period, 24 patients (5%) died of second neoplasms (n = 3) or metastases (n = 21). Significant predictive factors for metastasis and death included advanced IIRC tumor stage (p < 0.0001), the presence of high-risk pathological features in the enucleated eyes (p = 0.013), parental refusal of the recommended primary treatment plan (p < 0.0001), and extraocular extension (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe 5-year survival rates of Rb patients in Jordan are as high as those in high-income countries. However, 5% are still dying from metastatic disease, prompting the need for awareness campaigns to educate the public about the high cure rates and to prevent treatment abandonment

Outlooks in GEO-6

As understanding of the interdependence between a healthy planet and healthy people becomes more developed, complex issues that thread through systems and societies gain new importance. Beyond the traditional Global Environment Outlook (GEO) themes addressing air, biodiversity, oceans, land and fresh water, this GEO-6 assessment addresses cross-cutting issues worthy of further examination. Using a systems approach, these cross-cutting issues offer entry points allowing another dimension for analysing GEO-6 themes as well as understanding the network of interconnections throughout earth and human systems. These cross-cutting issues are grouped according to shared characteristics: health, environmental disasters, gender, education and urbanization are grouped as ‘people and livelihoods’; climate change, polar and mountain regions, chemicals and waste and wastewater are grouped as ‘changing environments’; and resource use, energy and food systems are considered as ‘resources and materials’. While each issue provides useful entry points into GEO-6 themes, it is important to discuss the state of the environment and policy context for each one