14 research outputs found
Research on Classification Criteria of Heitutan (Black Soil Beach) Degraded Grassland in Sanjiangyuan Region
Photosynthesis of Multiple Valence Silver Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets With Enhanced Antibacterial Activity
Soil fungal communities varied across aspects of restored grassland in former mining areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Characterization of Nicotine Catabolism through a Novel Pyrrolidine Pathway in <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. S‑1
Nicotine is a major toxic alkaloid
in wastes generated from tobacco
production and cigarette manufacturing. In the present work, a nicotine-degrading
bacterial strain was isolated from tobacco powdery waste. The isolate
was identified as <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. S-1 based on morphology,
physiology, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Suitable conditions of isolate
S-1 for nicotine degradation were pH 7.0 and 30 °C. Catabolic
intermediates of nicotine were isolated with preparative-HPLC and
characterized with LC-HRMS and NMR. The catabolic pathways of nicotine
were involved in dehydrogenation, oxidation, hydrolysis, and hydroxylation.
Interestingly, nicotine catabolism in strain S-1 undergoes a new pyrrolidine
pathway that differs from the other three catabolic pathways in bacterial
species. This work sheds light on catabolic diversity of nicotine
and heteroaromatics
Enantioselective effects of the chiral fungicide tetraconazole in wheat: Fungicidal activity and degradation behavior
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Brief Report
BackgroundCutaneous melanoma incidence may be modestly elevated in people with HIV (PWH) vs. people without HIV. However, little is known about the relationship of immunosuppression, HIV replication, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with melanoma risk.MethodsPWH of white race in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design were included. A standardized incidence ratio was calculated comparing risk with the white general population, standardizing by age, sex, and calendar period. Associations between melanoma incidence and current, lagged, and cumulative measures of CD4 count, HIV RNA level, and ART use were estimated with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors such as age and annual residential ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure.ResultsEighty melanomas were diagnosed among 33,934 white PWH (incidence = 40.75 per 100,000 person-years). Incidence was not elevated compared with the general population [standardized incidence ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.91 to 1.43]. Higher melanoma incidence was associated with older age [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) per decade increase = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.89] and higher UVB exposure (aHR for exposure ≥35 vs. <35 mW/m = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.99 to 2.65). Current, lagged, and cumulative CD4 and HIV RNA were not associated with melanoma incidence. Melanoma incidence was higher among people ART-treated for a larger proportion of time in the previous 720 days (aHR per 10% increase = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.30).ConclusionsThese results suggest that HIV-induced immune dysfunction does not influence melanoma development. The association between ART and melanoma risk may be due to increased skin surveillance among PWH engaged in clinical care. Associations with age and UVB confirmed those established in the general population