159 research outputs found
Diffusion in Nanoporous Materials: Novel Insights by Combining MAS and PFG NMR
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) allows recording of
molecular diffusion paths (notably, the probability distribution of molecular displacements over
typically micrometers, covered during an observation time of typically milliseconds) and has thus
proven to serve as a most versatile means for the in-depth study of mass transfer in complex materials.
This is particularly true with nanoporous host materials, where PFG NMR enabled the first direct
measurement of intracrystalline diffusivities of guest molecules. Spatial resolution, i.e., the minimum
diffusion path length experimentally observable, is limited by the time interval over which the pulsed
field gradients may be applied. In âconventionalâ PFG NMR measurements, this time interval is
determined by a characteristic quantity of the host-guest system under study, the so-called transverse
nuclear magnetic relaxation time. This leads, notably when considering systems with low molecular
mobilities, to severe restrictions in the applicability of PFG NMR. These restrictions may partially be
released by performing PFG NMR measurements in combination with âmagic-angle spinningâ (MAS)
of the NMR sample tube. The present review introduces the fundamentals of this technique and
illustrates, via a number of recent cases, the gain in information thus attainable. Examples include
diffusion measurements with nanoporous host-guest systems of low intrinsic mobility and selective
diffusion measurement in multicomponent systems
Chemical Heterogeneities along the South Atlantic Mid-Ocean-Ridge (5-11°S): Shallow or Deep Recycling of Ocean Crust?
Between 5° and 11°S, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge displays
anomalous crustal thickness and geochemical compositions,
thought to be related to either small scale upper mantle
heterogeneities or a weak, diffuse mantle plume. We report
new high precision trace element and Sr, Nd and Pb (DS)
isotope data for 72 ridge axis samples and 9 off-axis seamount
samples along with UâThâRa disequilibria data for off axis
seamounts at c. 9.7°S. At least four distinct components are
needed to explain the geochemical variations along the ridge:
1) a common depleted (D-MORB-like) component near and
north of 4.8â7.6°S, 2) an enriched component upwelling
beneath Ascension Island and the northern A1 ridge segment
(segment numbers ascend from north to south), 3) an enriched
component upwelling beneath the A2 ridge segment, and 4) an
enriched component upwelling beneath the line of seamounts
east of the A3 segment and the A3 and A4 segments. The A1
and the A3+A4 segment lavas form well-defined mixing
arrays from Ascension Island and the A3 seamounts
respectively to the depleted D-MORB component. We
propose that the enriched components represent different
packages of subducted ocean crust and/or ocean island basalt
(OIB) type volcanic islands and seamounts that have either
been recycled through 1) the shallow mantle, upwelling
passively beneath the ridge system or 2) the deep mantle via
an actively upwelling heterogeneous mantle plume that
interacts with the ridge system
Leipzigâs Inner East as an Arrival Space? Exploring the Trajectory of a Diversifying Neighbourhood
The article analyses and discusses the development of Leipzig and especially its inner east as an âurban space of arrivalâ since 1990. It represents a study about arrival in the post-socialist context that is fairly rare in the international debate so far, since most of the arrival debate builds on western European evidence. Leipzigâs inner east was characterised by shrinkage until the end of the 1990s and by new growth, especially after 2010, as the whole city grew. Since the second half of the 1990s the inner east has developed into a migrant area, referred to here as an âarrival space.â Today, in 2020, it represents the most heterogeneous part of the city in terms of population structure and is one of the most dynamic areas in terms of in- and out-migration. At the same time, it represents an area where large amounts of the population face different types of disadvantage. Set against this context, the article embeds the story of Leipzigâs inner east into the arrival debate and investigates the areaâs development according to the characteristics discussed by the debate. Our results reveal that Leipzigâs inner east represents a meaningful example of an arrival space in a specific (post-socialist, shrinkage followed by regrowth) context and that arrival and its spatial allocation strongly depend on factors like population, housing, and real estate market development, as well as policymaking and, significantly, recognition
SortenprĂŒfung frĂŒhabreifender Sojabohnensorten im ökologischen Landbau
Um das Wachstumspotential von Sojabohnen (Glycine max (L.)) im ökologischen Anbau und unter ungĂŒnstigen klimatischen Bedingungen zu testen wurden an zwei Standorten (University of Applied Sciences, Waldhof) and Frankenhausen (University of Kassel, Hessian State Farm Frankenhausen)Feldversuche mit sechs unterschiedlichen Sojabohnensorten durchgefĂŒhrt.Erfasst wurden das Pflanzenwachstum, phĂ€nologische Stadien, Ertrag, Rohprotein und Tausendkorngewicht. Einige der getestetem Sorten zeigten vielversprechende Ergebnisse in Bezug auf den Ertrag und die QuĂ€litĂ€t. Zur Absicherung der Ergebnisse werden weitere Versuche in 2010 durchgefĂŒhrt
The turnover number for band 3-mediated sulfate transport in phosphatidylcholine bilayers
AbstractThe anion transport system of the human erythrocyte membrane was reconstituted in unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles, and a vesicle subpopulation of a narrow size distribution was isolated from the sample by gel filtration. In this subpopulation, the turnover number of the transport protein (the band 3 protein) for sulfate transport was determined. It was found that, in the reconstituted system, the protein transports sulfate 5â10-times faster than in the human erythrocyte membrane
Untersuchungen zur WinterhÀrte von Wintererbsen
Winter peas have several agronomic advantages in comparison to spring pea, but the overwintering of winter peas are uncertain under the climatic conditions in Germany. Therefore, the winterhardiness of four genotypes (cvs. Assas, Cheyenne, EFB 33, WĂŒrttembergische) was examined in two field trials in three growing seasons. In a first trial all peas were grown in pure and mixed stands with rye at the experimental farm of the University of Kassel and at the experimental farm of the University of Applied Sci-ence in Osnabrueck. In a second trial the impact of three sowing dates (mid of Sep-tember, end of September/begin of October and mid of October, respectively) was de-termined at the experimental farm of the University of Kassel only in pure stands.
In contrast to Assas and Cheyenne, EFB 33 and Wuerttembergische always showed sufficient winter hardiness in both trials. Consequently, a rosette growth with small leaves and short internodes at the onset of winter as well as a quantitative photoperi-odic sensitivity is required for high winter survival under the climatic conditions in Germany. Furthermore the risk of winterkill for winter peas was higher at the experi-mental site in Osnabrueck than in Kassel in two of three growing seasons due to less snow blanket in one winter and because of waterlogging as a consequence of sandy soil and unusual high precipitation in the other winter, respectively
The Local Governance of Arrival in Leipzig: Housing of Asylum-Seeking Persons as a Contested Field
The article examines how the German city of Leipzig governs the housing of asylum seekers. Leipzig was a frontrunner in organizing the decentralized accommodation of asylum seekers when adopting its accommodation concept in 2012. This concept aimed at integrating asylum-seeking persons in the regular housing market at an early stage of arrival. However, since then, the city of Leipzig faces more and more challenges in implementing the concept. This is particularly due to the increasingly tight situation on the housing market while the number of people seeking protection increased and partly due to discriminating and xenophobic attitudes on the side of house owners and managers. Therefore, we argue that the so-called refugee crisis of 2015â2016 has to be seen in close interaction with a growing general housing shortage in Leipzig like in many other large European cities. Furthermore, we understand the municipal governing of housing as a contested field regarding its entanglement of diverse federal levels and policy scales, the diversity of stakeholders involved, and its dynamic change over the last years. We analyze this contested field set against the current context of arrival and dynamic
urban growth on a local level. Based on empirical qualitative research that was conducted by us in 2016, Leipzigâs local specifics will be investigated under the umbrella of our conceptual framework of Governance of Arrival. The issues of a strained housing market and the integration of asylum seekers in it do not apply only to Leipzig, but shed light on similar developments in other European Cities
The (co-)production of arrival neighbourhoods. Processes governing housing markets in three german cities
In recent years, an emerging strand of research has focused on the role arrival neighbourhoods play for newcomers finding their footing in a new urban context. However, little is known about the underlying factors and drivers influencing their function(ing). This concerns in particular the role of the local housing market and its players in shaping their emergence and development. The paper deals with the question of how arrival neighbourhoods are (co-)produced by housing market players and how the latter are embedded in local governance structures. Looking at three German arrival neighbourhoods, the article illustrates how they are co-produced by ownership structures and the allocation practices of different housing market players. However, the strengthening of an arrival neighbourhoodÂŽs function not only depends on ownership structures but also on the capacities of municipal housing providers and civil society organisations, their strategic goals and the will for (concerted) action. Our findings show that arrival neighbourhoods can take on an important citywide function, enabling newcomers to gain a foothold in the city if three criteria are met: they are accessible/affordable for low-income groups, are equipped with infrastructures for newcomers, and are permeable with regard to residentsâ relocation to other neighbourhoods
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