Building Energy Performance Evaluation of a Norwegian single-family house applying ISO-52016

In the following work, we have implemented a version of the hourly method in the ISO 52016-1:2017 standard, informed by the central input table in the SN/TS 3031:2021 specification, including a building energy supply system modelled according to the specification. A case study shows that the model compares well to measurements in unoccupied periods and that openly available gridded weather data can substitute data collected by the weather station on site. A more refined representation of boundary conditions and additional user inputs may be needed for other housing typologies than what can be recreated from the table, but we find that some of this information can be stipulated using open spatial datasets and tools. The results are presented in a web-service dashboard, maintaining continuity with operation phase data collection.publishedVersio

Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis

Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73

How to define (net) zero greenhouse gas emissions buildings: The results of an international survey as part of IEA EBC annex 72

The concept of (net) zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission(s) buildings is gaining wide international attention and is considered to be the main pathway for achieving climate neutrality targets in the built environment. However, there is an increasing plethora of differing terms, definitions, and approaches emerging worldwide. To understand the current progress of the ongoing discussion, this study provides an overview of terms, definitions, and key features from a review of 35 building assessment approaches. The investigation identified that 13 voluntary frameworks from 11 countries are particularly characterised by net zero-carbon/GHG emissions performance targets, which are then subject to a more detailed analysis. The review was organised in the context of the project IEA EBC Annex 72 on “Assessing Life Cycle Related Environmental Impacts Caused by Buildings”, which involves researchers from over 25 countries worldwide. In the current dynamic political surroundings and ongoing scientific debate, only an initial overview of this topic can be presented. However, providing typologies and fostering transparency would be instrumental in delivering clarity, limiting misunderstanding, and avoiding potential greenwashing. To this end, this article categorises the most critical methodological options—i.e., system boundaries for both operational and embodied GHG emissions, the type of GHG emission factor for electricity use, the approach to the “time” aspect, and the possibilities of GHG emission compensation—into a comprehensive framework for clarifying or setting (net) zero GHG emission building definitions in a more systematic way. The article concludes that although variations in the existing approaches will continue to exist, certain minimum directions should be considered for the future development of harmonised (net) zero GHG emissions building frameworks. As a minimum, it is recommended to extend the usual scope of the operational energy use balance. At the same time, minimum requirements must also be set for embodied GHG emissions even if they are not considered in the carbon/GHG emissions balance

Pengaruh Penerapan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Penguasaan Keterampilan Dasar Push Dalam Pembelajaran Hoki di SMA Negeri 26 Bandung

Permasalahan yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengamatan penulis mengenai pembelajaran hoki khususnya push karena keterampilan push sering dilakukan dalam permainan hoki dan push harus dikuasai agar permainan hoki dapat dimainkan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini apakah media audio visual berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan keterampilan dasar push dalam pembelajaran hoki di SMA Negeri 26 Bandung?. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan media audio visual terhadap penguasaan keterampilan dasar push. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian pretest posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler hoki di SMA Negeri 26 Bandung. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan push FPOK UPI. Hasil dari nilai rata-rata tes awal kelompok eksperimen sebesar 12,50 dan nilai rata-rata tes akhir sebesar 22,00. Sedangkan hasil kelompok kontrol sebesar 12,00 dan tes akhir sebesar 12,30. Berdasarkan Hasil uji hipotesis satu pihak nilai t hitung adalah sebesar 13.510 dengan sig 0.00. Karena sig <0.05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak, artinya media audio visual berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penguasaan keterampilan dasar push dalam pembelajaran hoki di SMA Negeri 26 Bandung. --- Problems studied in this research is motivated by the writer's observation about learning hockey particular push because of skill push frequently done in the game hockey and push should be controlled by so that the game hockey can played. The problems of this study whether audio-visual media influence the motion control of the Push in learning hockey at SMA Negeri 26 Bandung?. The goal in the study to find out of the influence of the implementation of the media audio visual against matery push basic skills. The method used is the experimental method, the pretest-posttest control group design. Objects in this study were all students who take hockey extracurricular activities in SMA Negeri 26 Bandung. The sampling technique using saturated sampling. The research instrument used was a test skill push FPOK UPI. The results of the value of the average test the beginning of the group experiments of 12,50 and the value of an average of the end of 22,00. While the results of a control group of 12,00 and the end of 12,30. According to the test hypothesis one the value t is 13,510 with sig 0.00. because sig <0.05 then can be conclude that Ho rejected, it means that significant effect on the motion basic skills push in learning hockey at SMA Negeri 26 Bandung

THE USE OF SMARTPHONE AND STUDENTS’ LEARNING STRATEGIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not the smartphone use influence students’ learning strategies. The students of Islamic Economy Department that currently enrolled in English class were taken as the sample of this research. Correlational study was applied with further regression analysis conducted on the collected data. The instruments used in this research were questionnaires and interview. The findings revealed that the use of smartphone influence students’ learning strategies. Furthermore, cognitive and social/affective strategies are the strategies that were influenced the most and metacognitive strategies were influenced the least by the use of smartphone in learning English. The cognitive and social/affective were influenced the most since the students mostly use smartphone in learning English for specific task or direct answers, and also use smartphone to post or chat in English using social media. Keywords: Smartphone use, learning strategie

Impacts of Operating Hardware on Window Thermal Performance

ABSTRACT Windows are responsible for about 40 percent of the heat loss through typical building envelopes so lowering window frame and glazing unit U-factors will reduce the impact of windows on the energy use in buildings. The thermal effects of operating hardware are currently ignored in the relatively low performing double pane windows common today, but may become significant in high performance windows. This paper describes simulation studies analyzing thermal-bridging effects of non-continuous operating (and non-operating) hardware in common casement style window frame designs. We use finite volume computational fluid dynamics modeling to demonstrate the change in frame sill profile U-factor for configurations using typical hardware systems. Some conclusions can be drawn regarding the impacts of operating hardware on the thermal performance based on the individual frames profiles, although few general trends can be observed due to the large design differences between each frame section modeled in this study. Two of the three out-opening casement profiles modeled show reduced performance greater than 0.05 W/(m 2 K), which may be significant when carried to whole windows in National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) rating systems. Fastener types, hardware location within the frame, and other factors related to the method of hardware implementation may significantly impact the effect of hardware on the frame. Neither the base performance level nor the primary frame material appears to determine the thermal effect of hardware based on those metrics alone. INTRODUCTION Minimizing thermal transmittance (U-factor) of building envelopes through the optimization of materials and components is a key energy-efficiency strategy. Windows are responsible for about 40 percent of the heat loss through typical building envelopes so lowering window frame and glazing unit U-factors will reduce the impact of windows on the energy use in buildings

Developing Low-Conductance Window Frames: Capabilities and Limitations of Current Window Heat Transfer Design Tools

While window frames typically represent 20-30% of the overall window area, their impact on the total window heat transfer rates may be much larger. This effect is even greater in low-conductance (highly insulating) windows that incorporate very low-conductance glazing. Developing low-conductance window frames requires accurate simulation tools for product research and development. Based on a literature review and an evaluation of current methods of modeling heat transfer through window frames, we conclude that current procedures specified in ISO standards are not sufficiently adequate for accurately evaluating heat transfer through the low-conductance frames. We conclude that the near-term priorities for improving the modeling of heat transfer through low-conductance frames are: (1) Add 2D view-factor radiation to standard modeling and examine the current practice of averaging surface emissivity based on area weighting and the process of making an equivalent rectangular frame cavity. (2) Asses 3D radiation effects in frame cavities and develop recommendation for inclusion into the design fenestration tools. (3) Assess existing correlations for convection in vertical cavities using CFD. (4) Study 2D and 3D natural convection heat transfer in frame cavities for cavities that are proven to be deficient from item 3 above. Recommend improved correlations or full CFD modeling into ISO standards and design fenestration tools, if appropriate. (5) Study 3D hardware short-circuits and propose methods to ensure that these effects are incorporated into ratings. (6) Study the heat transfer effects of ventilated frame cavities and propose updated correlations

Symptom-based survey diagnoses may serve to identify more homogenous sub-groups of fatigue and postviral diseases

publishedVersio

Comparative review of international approaches to net-zero buildings:Knowledge-sharing initiative to develop design strategies for greenhouse gas emissions reduction

The concept of net-zero, climate-neutral buildings is attracting global attention, and it is widely recognised as a key solution for achieving climate neutrality targets in the construction sector. However, an increasing and confusing abundance of differing labels, definitions, and approaches is increasing worldwide. This article aims to chart the current progress of national net-zero building pathways and identify gaps and challenges that present a significant barrier to industry uptake and decarbonisation of the built environment worldwide. The national net-zero pathways include an analysis of building legislation, policy and voluntary frameworks in four selected countries, Norway, the United Kingdom, the United States and Singapore, which are all leading regional actors in the race to zero and achieving a climate-neutral construction sector. Firstly, the study provides an overview of each country-specific context and motivation related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the construction sector. Secondly, a review of the essential features from market-leading net-zero definitions, methodologies, schemes, and tools describing specific building approaches is conducted in each investigated country. Finally, based on the selected net-zero building case studies, the article presents the most promising design strategies for both embodied and operational environmental impact reductions, considering each specific climatic and country context. The research results indicated that the system boundaries for embodied and operational indicators (energy or GHG emissions) presented in investigated net-zero frameworks vary significantly. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a harmonised and transparent standardisation to provide coherence through performed life cycle assessments of buildings. In terms of the design strategies for achieving net-zero ambition according to the investigated frameworks, the common approach is the integration of the passive and active design strategies for operational energy or GHG emission reduction. However, it is evident that in some net-zero building examples, the consideration of the embodied environmental impacts and potential reduction strategies is missing because of not being included and mandatory in the national net-zero framework. This work is built upon the current body of knowledge on existing net-zero building frameworks and already constructed buildings and provides practical indications for building policy development and environmental impact reduction strategies in future climate-neutral, net-zero building projects.</p