37 research outputs found
Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO
Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical
events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before
(pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the
multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the
monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and
SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is
a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The
real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the
electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to
ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming
a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to
the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos
up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30 for the case
of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is
evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay
interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert,
can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the
next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Disulfiram Treatment Facilitates Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells In vitro
β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo
HnRNP A2/B1 has been found to be an oncogenic protein strongly related to the growth of human glioma cells. Herein, β-asarone, the main component in the volatile oil of Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma, inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation ability of U251 cells. Moreover, β-asarone induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Notably, β-asarone suppressed the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and hnRNPA2/B1 overexpression remarkably reversed β-asarone-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, β-asarone promoted the alternative splicing of Bcl-x by enhancing the ratio of Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL. Meanwhile, hnRNPA2/B1 overexpression mitigated the promoting effect of β-asarone on the alternative splicing of Bcl-x. β-asarone also regulated the level of the key proteins involved in the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Additionally, β-asarone modulated the cell cycle-related proteins p21, p27, Cdc25A, cyclin D, cyclin E, and CDK2. Finally, β-asarone inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in nude mice bearing U251 tumor xenografts. β-asarone also suppressed the hnRNP A2/B1 expression, enhanced the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and p27 and the ratio of Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL, and reduced the expression of CDK2 in U251 xenografts. Together, β-asarone-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of U251 cells may be related to the suppression of hnRNPA2/B1-mediated signaling pathway
CuS-Based Theranostic Micelles for NIR-Controlled Combination Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging
Cancer remains a major threat to
human health due to low therapeutic efficacies of currently available
cancer treatment options. Nanotheranostics, capable of simultaneous
therapy and diagnosis/monitoring of diseases, has attracted increasing
amounts of attention, particularly for cancer treatment. In this study,
CuS-based theranostic micelles capable of simultaneous combination
chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT), as well as photoacoustic
imaging, were developed for targeted cancer therapy. The micelle was
formed by a CuS nanoparticle (NP) functionalized by thermosensitive
amphiphilic poly(acrylamide-acrylonitrile)–poly(ethylene glycol)
block copolymers. CuS NPs under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation induced
a significant temperature elevation, thereby enabling NIR-triggered
PTT. Moreover, the hydrophobic core formed by poly(acrylamide-acrylonitrile)
segments used for drug encapsulation exhibited an upper critical solution
temperature (UCST; ∼38 °C), which underwent a hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic
transition once the temperature rose above the UCST induced by NIR-irradiated
CuS NPs, thereby triggering a rapid drug release and enabling NIR-controlled
chemotherapy. The CuS-based micelles conjugated with GE11 peptides
were tested in an epidermal growth factor receptor-overexpressing
triple-negative breast cancer model. In both two-dimensional monolayer
cell and three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroid models, GE11-tagged
CuS-based micelles under NIR irradiation, enabling the combination
chemotherapy and PTT, exhibited the best therapeutic outcome due to
a synergistic effect. These CuS-based micelles also displayed a good
photoacoustic imaging ability under NIR illumination. Taken together,
this multifunctional CuS-based micelle could be a promising nanoplatform
for targeted cancer nanotheranostics