Buitenzorg Ayrshire Farm Breeding Diagram

A diagram of a family tree of the Ayrshire cows on Ralph LeCocq\u27s farm, with photos and descriptions.https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/lecocqfarm/1000/thumbnail.jp

Effect of wetting layers on the strain and electronic structure of InAs self-assembled quantum dots

The effect of wetting layers on the strain and electronic structure of InAs self-assembled quantum dots grown on GaAs is investigated with an atomistic valence-force-field model and an empirical tight-binding model. By comparing a dot with and without a wetting layer, we find that the inclusion of the wetting layer weakens the strain inside the dot by only 1% relative change, while it reduces the energy gap between a confined electron and hole level by as much as 10%. The small change in the strain distribution indicates that strain relaxes only little through the thin wetting layer. The large reduction of the energy gap is attributed to the increase of the confining-potential width rather than the change of the potential height. First-order perturbation calculations or, alternatively, the addition of an InAs disk below the quantum dot confirm this conclusion. The effect of the wetting layer on the wave function is qualitatively different for the weakly confined electron state and the strongly confined hole state. The electron wave function shifts from the buffer to the wetting layer, while the hole shifts from the dot to the wetting layer.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, and 3 table

Task Force 7: Training Guidelines for Research in Pediatric Cardiology

Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze the benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with vulvar cancer and a single positive node without extra capsular spread. Materials and methods. The Study population comprised data of 75 patients with vulvar cancer and one lymph node metastasis. The patients were treated in three different university centers in Amsterdam, Groningen and Rotterdam between 1984 and 2005. Results. Out of 75 patients, 31 (41%) were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Both disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were comparable between the groups who did and who did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.45-2.14, p=0.97 and HR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.42-2.47, p = 0.96). Conclusion. We could not demonstrate any beneficial effect of adjuvant radiotherapy in the group Of patients with one intra capsular metastasis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Het Ogilvie-syndroom bij oudere patiënten met multiproblematiek

Twee patiënten presenteren zich met het Ogilvie-syndroom, een acute intestinale pseudo-obstructie zonder mechanische obstructie. Bij beide patiënten was er sprake van multi-problematiek met infectie, elektrolietstoornissen en functionele achteruitgang. Dit ziektebeeld komt vooral voor bij zieke patiënten vanaf 60 jaar met multimorbiditeit die in het ziekenhuis of verpleeghuis verblijven. Met de vergrijzing zal de incidentie van dit ziektebeeld waarschijnlijk toenemen, met name bij de kwetsbare oudere patiënt. De precieze pathofysiologie is onbekend, maar er zijn in de literatuur aanwijzingen voor een multicausaal model dat autonome disregulatie van het colon veroorzaakt. Vroege herkenning en adequate behandeling kan het risico op complicaties en overlijden sterk doen verminderen, afhankelijk van de onderliggende comorbiditeit

Clinical impact of recurrently mutated genes on lymphoma diagnostics

Similar to the inherent clinical heterogeneity of most, if not all, lymphoma entities, the genetic landscape of these tumors is markedly complex in the majority of cases, with a rapidly growing list of recurrently mutated genes discovered in recent years by next-generation sequencing technology. Whilst a few genes have been implied to have diagnostic, prognostic and even predictive impact, most gene mutations still require rigorous validation in larger, preferably prospective patient series, to scrutinize their potential role in lymphoma diagnostics and patient management. In selected entities, a predominantly mutated gene is identified in almost all cases (e.g. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and hairy-cell leukemia), while for the vast majority of lymphomas a quite diverse mutation pattern is observed, with a limited number of frequently mutated genes followed by a seemingly endless tail of genes with mutations at a low frequency. Herein, the European Expert Group on NGS-based Diagnostics in Lymphomas (EGNL) summarizes the current status of this ever-evolving field, and, based on the present evidence level, segregates mutations into the following categories: i) immediate impact on treatment decisions, ii) diagnostic impact, iii) prognostic impact, iv) potential clinical impact in the near future, or v) should only be considered for research purposes. In the coming years, coordinated efforts aiming to apply targeted next-generation sequencing in large patient series will be needed in order to elucidate if a particular gene mutation will have an immediate impact on the lymphoma classification, and ultimately aid clinical decision making

Regional differences in recombination hotspots between two chicken populations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although several genetic linkage maps of the chicken genome have been published, the resolution of these maps is limited and does not allow the precise identification of recombination hotspots. The availability of more than 3.2 million SNPs in the chicken genome and the recent advances in high throughput genotyping techniques enabled us to increase marker density for the construction of a high-resolution linkage map of the chicken genome. This high-resolution linkage map allowed us to study recombination hotspots across the genome between two chicken populations: a purebred broiler line and a broiler × broiler cross. In total, 1,619 animals from the two different broiler populations were genotyped with 17,790 SNPs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The resulting linkage map comprises 13,340 SNPs. Although 360 polymorphic SNPs that had not been assigned to a known chromosome on chicken genome build WASHUC2 were included in this study, no new linkage groups were found. The resulting linkage map is composed of 31 linkage groups, with a total length of 3,054 cM for the sex-average map of the combined population. The sex-average linkage map of the purebred broiler line is 686 cM smaller than the linkage map of the broiler × broiler cross.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, we present a linkage map of the chicken genome at a substantially higher resolution than previously published linkage maps. Regional differences in recombination hotspots between the two mapping populations were observed in several chromosomes near the telomere of the p arm; the sex-specific analysis revealed that these regional differences were mainly caused by female-specific recombination hotspots in the broiler × broiler cross.</p

Methods for interpreting lists of affected genes obstained in a DNA microarray experiment

Background - The aim of this paper was to describe and compare the methods used and the results obtained by the participants in a joint EADGENE (European Animal Disease Genomic Network of Excellence) and SABRE (Cutting Edge Genomics for Sustainable Animal Breeding) workshop focusing on post analysis of microarray data. The participating groups were provided with identical lists of microarray probes, including test statistics for three different contrasts, and the normalised log-ratios for each array, to be used as the starting point for interpreting the affected probes. The data originated from a microarray experiment conducted to study the host reactions in broilers occurring shortly after a secondary challenge with either a homologous or heterologous species of Eimeria. Results - Several conceptually different analytical approaches, using both commercial and public available software, were applied by the participating groups. The following tools were used: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MAPPFinder, LIMMA, GOstats, GOEAST, GOTM, Globaltest, TopGO, ArrayUnlock, Pathway Studio, GIST and AnnotationDbi. The main focus of the approaches was to utilise the relation between probes/genes and their gene ontology and pathways to interpret the affected probes/genes. The lack of a well-annotated chicken genome did though limit the possibilities to fully explore the tools. The main results from these analyses showed that the biological interpretation is highly dependent on the statistical method used but that some common biological conclusions could be reached. Conclusion - It is highly recommended to test different analytical methods on the same data set and compare the results to obtain a reliable biological interpretation of the affected genes in a DNA microarray experimen

Integration of GWAS, CNV and sele ction signature reveals candidate genes for abdominal fat regulation in chickens.

Abstract: Carcass fat content is an economically important trait in commercial chickens. The use of genome-wide high density SNPs may improve the power and resolution to identify QTLs, putative candidate genes and copy number variations (CNVs), for selection programs. The main goal of this study was to identify genomic windows and putative candidate genes for carcass fat content. We checked the overlap of QTL with regions demonstrating signatures of selection and inherited CNVs identified in the same population. A total of 497 42 day-old chickens from the EMBRAPA F2 Chicken Resource Population developed for QTL studies were genotyped with the 600K SNP genotyping array (Affymetrix®), and phenotyped for carcass fat content weight (CFCW) and carcass fat content on a dry matter basis (CFCDM). After quality control, a total of 480 samples and 371,557 SNPs annotated in autosomal chromosomes (GGA1-28) based on Gallus_gallus-5.0 (NCBI) were kept for further analysis. GWAS analyses were performed with GenSel software using BayesB method (&#960;=0.9988) to identify genomic windows associated with CFCW or CFC%. We identified 15 genomic windows associated with CFC% on GGA1, 7, 15, 20 and 28, and from those, we identified two adjacent windows on GGA7 considered as the same QTL explaining 1.31 and 2.18% of the genetic variance for CFCW and CFC%, respectively. This QTL overlapped with one regions previsiouly know to regulate abdominal fat in chickens and the QTL region encompassed two putative candidate genes overlapping with signatures of selection and inherited CNVs. Our findings are helpful to better understand the genetic regulation of fatness in chickens. Resumo: O teor de gordura na carcaça é uma característica economicamente importante em frangos comerciais. O uso de SNPs de alta densidade em todo o genoma pode melhorar o poder e a resolução para identificar QTLs, genes candidatos putativos e variações no número de cópias (CNVs), para programas de seleção. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar janelas genômicas e possíveis genes candidatos para o conteúdo de gordura na carcaça. Verificamos a sobreposição de QTL com regiões demonstrando assinaturas de seleção e CNVs herdadas identificadas na mesma população. Um total de 497 galinhas com 42 dias de idade da EMBRAPA F2 Chicken Resource Population desenvolvidas para estudos QTL foram genotipadas com o arranjo de genótipos SNP 600K (Affymetrix®) e fenotipadas para peso de gordura na carcaça (CFCW) e teor de gordura na carcaça seca. matéria básica (CFCDM). Após o controle de qualidade, um total de 480 amostras e 371.557 SNPs anotados em cromossomos autossômicos (GGA1-28) baseados em Gallus_gallus-5.0 (NCBI) foram mantidos para análise posterior. As análises de GWAS foram realizadas com o software GenSel usando o método de BayesB (&#960; = 0,9988) para identificar janelas genômicas associadas ao CFCW ou CFC%. Foram identificadas 15 janelas genômicas associadas a% CFC em GGA1, 7, 15, 20 e 28 e, a partir delas, identificamos duas janelas adjacentes em GGA7 consideradas como os mesmos QTLs explicando 1,31 e 2,18% da variância genética para CFCW e CFC% , respectivamente. Este QTL se sobrepunha a uma das regiões previsamente conhecidas para regular a gordura abdominal em frangos e a região QTL englobava dois supostos genes candidatos que se sobrepunham com assinaturas de seleção e CNVs herdadas. Nossas descobertas são úteis para entender melhor a regulação genética da gordura em frangos

Electrochemical synthesis of peroxomonophosphate using boron-doped diamond anodes

A new method for the synthesis of peroxomonophosphate, based on the use of boron-doped diamond electrodes, is described. The amount of oxidant electrogenerated depends on the characteristics of the supporting media (pH and solute concentration) and on the operating conditions (temperature and current density). Results show that the pH, between values of 1 and 5, does not influence either the electrosynthesis of peroxomonophosphate or the chemical stability of the oxidant generated. Conversely, low temperatures are required during the electrosynthesis process to minimize the thermal decomposition of peroxomonophosphate and to guarantee significant oxidant concentration. In addition, a marked influence of both the current density and the initial substrate is observed. This observation can be explained in terms of the contribution of hydroxyl radicals in the oxidation mechanisms that occur on diamond surfaces. In the assays carried out below the water oxidation potential, the generation of hydroxyl radicals did not take place. In these cases, peroxomonophosphate generation occurs through a direct electron transfer and, therefore, at these low current densities lower concentrations are obtained. On the other hand, at higher potentials both direct and hydroxyl radical-mediated mechanisms contribute to the oxidant generation and the process is more efficient. In the same way, the contribution of hydroxyl radicals may also help to explain the significant influence of the substrate concentration. Thus, the coexistence of both phosphate and hydroxyl radicals is required to ensure the generation of significant amounts of peroxomonophosphoric acid