Management recommendations and performances for more effective conservation of the Spanish imperial eagles (Aquila adalberti Brehm, 1861) habitat and population.

The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila Adalberti BREHM, 1861) is nowadays the predatory bird most threatened in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as one of the most threatened in the world. It is listed in several International agreements of protection (IUCN, Bern, Cites, Bonn) as well as in the annexe I of Birds Directive (79/409/CEE) which makes up the Natura 2000 network. Regarding the Spanish framework, some measures have been taking to protect the Spanish imperial eagle. It is included in the National Catalogue of Threatened Species as “In danger of Extinction” (Real Decreto 439/1990) and also in annexe IV of the new Law 42/2007 of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. Nowadays there are only 216 pairs and it is limited to the western South quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. The present communication will try to show a set of performances and measures of management, which have been carried out in Spain, for improvement and conservation of habitat and populations of Spanish imperial eagle. We want to show also different contributions and information from different specialists and work groups with recognized prestige and experience, which follow the recommendations proposed in the National Strategy for the Conservation of the Spanish imperial eagle. Also particular management experiences carried out in private and public properties, which are included in Natura 2000 network. In these experiences we will comment among other proposals, the compatible forest practices with the conservation of the Spanish imperial eagle’s habitat and the improvement of the habitat and the populations of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), main Eagle’s prey

Proposals and performances for restoration and conservation of Cantabrian capercaille (Tetrao urugallus cantabricus, Castroviejo 1967) habitat and populations.

The species Tetrao urogallus (Linnaeus 1758) is not globally threatened thank to its wide distribution range and its habitat, mostly located in remote places. However, it is suffering important declines in its occidental distribution area and in central Europe, where local extinctions are isolating its populations. The Cantabrian subspecies (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus CASTROVIEJO 1967) is the most threatened and the one which has worst future perspective in middle term, since its populations begin to be isolated without the possibility of genetic renovation. Although the Cantabrian capercaillie is protected species in Spain, its populations have been declining during the last 20 years till dramatic levels. The main causes are deforestation, human activities (stockbreeding mainly) and urban development, combined with some reproduction requirements such as the sound that males in heat need to emit, which requires no human interferences and their type of egg-lying which does not help to get many viable eggs. One of the few places were the Cantabrian capercaillie can still be seen is "Pinar de Lillo" (in Cantabrian mountains) which is included in a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and in a Special Protection Area (SPA). In the management plan of this site an inventory and analysis of the mesohabitat and microhabitat, which has the requirements needed for the maintenance and conservation of the species, have been made. And following the recommendations of the Strategy for the Conservation of the Cantabrian capercaillie in Spain, some specific actions have been defined

Management recommendations and performances for more effective conservation of the Spanish imperial eagles (Aquila adalberti Brehm, 1861) habitat and population.

The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila Adalberti BREHM, 1861) is nowadays the predatory bird most threatened in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as one of the most threatened in the world. It is listed in several International agreements of protection (IUCN, Bern, Cites, Bonn) as well as in the annexe I of Birds Directive (79/409/CEE) which makes up the Natura 2000 network. Regarding the Spanish framework, some measures have been taking to protect the Spanish imperial eagle. It is included in the National Catalogue of Threatened Species as “In danger of Extinction” (Real Decreto 439/1990) and also in annexe IV of the new Law 42/2007 of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. Nowadays there are only 216 pairs and it is limited to the western South quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. The present communication will try to show a set of performances and measures of management, which have been carried out in Spain, for improvement and conservation of habitat and populations of Spanish imperial eagle. We want to show also different contributions and information from different specialists and work groups with recognized prestige and experience, which follow the recommendations proposed in the National Strategy for the Conservation of the Spanish imperial eagle. Also particular management experiences carried out in private and public properties, which are included in Natura 2000 network. In these experiences we will comment among other proposals, the compatible forest practices with the conservation of the Spanish imperial eagle’s habitat and the improvement of the habitat and the populations of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), main Eagle’s prey

Assessing the Effect of CeO2 Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitor in Hybrid Biobased Waterborne Acrylic Direct to Metal Coating Binders

CeO2 nanoparticles were incorporated in waterborne binders containing high biobased content (up to 70%) in order to analyze the anticorrosion performance for direct to metal coatings. Biobased binders were synthesized by batch miniemulsion polymerization of 2-octyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate monomers using a phosphate polymerizable surfactant (Sipomer PAM200) that lead to the formation of phosphate functionalized latexes. Upon the direct application of such binders on steel, the functionalized polymer particles were able to interact with steel, creating a thin phosphatization layer between the metal and the polymer and avoiding flash rust. The in situ incorporation of the CeO2 nanoparticles during the polymerization process led to their homogeneous distribution in the final polymer film, which produced outstanding anticorrosion performance according to the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements. In fact, steel substrates coated with the hybrid polymer film (30–40 µm thick) showed high barrier corrosion resistance after 41 days (~1000 h) of immersion in NaCl water solution and active inhibition capabilities thanks to the presence of the CeO2 nanoparticles. This work opens the door to the fabrication of sustainable hybrid anticorrosion waterborne coatings.This research was funded by the Spanish Government, grant numbers MINECO CTQ-2017-87841-R and CER-20191003, and by the Basque Government “Grupos Consolidados del Sistema Universitario Vasco”, grant number IT999-16

The ballast pick-up problem. A theoretical approach and two experimental campaigns

The aim of this contribution is to present a theoretical approach and two experimental campaigns (on wind tunnel and on the track) concerning the research work about the ballast train-induced-wind erosion (BTIWE) phenomenon. When a high speed train overpasses the critical speed, it produces a wind speed close to the track large enough to start the motion of the ballast elements, eventually leading to the rolling of the stones (Kwon and Park, 2006) and, if these stones get enough energy, they can jump and then initiate a saltation-like chain reaction, as found in the saltation processes of soil eolian erosion (Bagnold, 1941). The expelled stones can reach a height which is larger than the lowest parts of the train, striking them (and the track surroundings) producing considerable damage that should be avoided. There is not much published work about this phenomenon, in spite of the great interest that exists due to its relevant applications in increasing the maximum operative train speed. Particularly, the initiation of flight of ballast due to the pass of a high speed train has been studied by Kwon and Park (2006) by performing field and wind tunnel experiments

Influence of TiO2-Coating Layer on Nanoporous Alumina Membranes by ALD Technique

Geometrical, chemical, optical and ionic transport changes associated with ALD of TiO2-coating on the porous structure of two nanoporous alumina membranes (NPAMs), which were obtained by the two-step aluminum anodization method but with different pore size and porosity, are presented. Chemical and morphological changes were determined by analyzing XPS spectra and SEM images, showing practically total coverage of the NPAMs surface and leading to a reduction in the geometrical parameters of both samples, while SAED and high resolution TEM measurements allowed us to determine the crystalline structure and thickness of the TiO2-coating, with the latter confirmed by depth-profile XPS analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were also carried out in order to detect changes in characteristic optical parameters (refractive index, n, and extinction coefficient, k), due to the TiO2-coating of NPAMs. Considering the common application of NPAMs in solute/ion diffusion processes, the effect of the TiO2-coverage on electrochemical parameters was analyzed by measuring the concentration potential with a typical model electrolyte (KCl solutions), leading to an increase of the electropositive character for both kinds of samples

Tailoring of magnetocaloric effect in Ni45.5Mn43.0In11.5 metamagnetic shape memory alloy

We investigate the direct and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni45.5Mn43.0In11.5 Heusler alloy ribbons comparing the results obtained for the as-quenched sample with the ones after different annealing procedures. An enhancement and shift of the entropy maximum to near room temperature is observed in all annealed samples. A remarkable magnetocaloric effect is observed in samples with short-time treatment (10 minutes) and at the lowest annealing temperature. We show that the suppressing of uncompensated martensitic transition and thermal hysteresis are both influenced by the heat treatment. Also, an improvement on Curie’s temperature is observed and, at low magnetic field, it has been risen up to 310 K. Our results demonstrate that the martensitic transformation is highly sensitive to the applied magnetic field and also to the annealing treatment, which means that the magnetocaloric effect can be tuned showing different behaviors for each sample.Authors are thankful to Spanish MICINN for financial support: MAT2009-13108-C02-01-02 and MAT2010-20798-C05-04. L. Gonzalez also thanks MICINN for a FPI Grant and J. García FICYT for a “Severo Ochoa” Grant

Desarrollo de estrategias para la proyección profesional del perfil docente musicológico: investigación y educación en torno a la música incidental y el montaje escenográfico

Memoria ID-0088. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

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