مقایسه ی طرح واره های ناسازگار اولیه در مردان وابسته و غیر وابسته به مواد اپیوئیدی شهر زاهدان

عوامل مختلفی با شروع و تداوم مصرف مواد ارتباط دارند که یکی از عوامل مهم در این زمینه، طرح­واره­های ناسازگار اولیه می­باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه­ی طرح­واره­های ناسازگار اولیه در افراد وابسته و غیر وابسته به مواد اپیوئیدی انجام شده است. روش­کار: در این پژوهش پس­رویدادی در سال 1388، 240 نفر شامل120 نفر مرد مراجعه­کننده (65-15 ساله) به مراکز ترک در شهر زاهدان که واجد ملاک­های تشخیصی بر اساس چهارمین ویراست راهنمای تشخیصی و آماری اختلالات روانی برای وابستگی به مواد بودند، انتخاب و برای گروه غیر وابسته (شاهد) نیز120 نفر به روش نمونه­گیری چندمرحله­ای تصادفی از جمعیت عمومی شهر زاهدان انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع­آوری داده­ها از فرم کوتاه پرسش­نامه­ی طرح­واره­های ناسازگار اولیه استفاده شد و در تحلیل داده­ها، روش­های توصیفی و جهت مقایسه­ی میانگین­ها نیز آزمون تی مستقل به کار رفت. یافته­ ها: افراد وابسته به مواد در حوزه­های طرح­واره­ای بریدگی، خودگردانی و عملکرد مختل و گوش به زنگی، نمره­ی بالاتری داشته وتفاوت آن­ها با افراد غیر وابسته در سطح 01/0P< معنی­دار است. نتیجه­ گیری: با توجه به این که افکار ناسازگارانه، افکار اولیه­ای هستند که در دوره­های تحولی رشد شکل گرفته و می­توانند طرح­واره­های ناسازگارانه­ای را که در سبب­شناسی مصرف مواد نقش عمده­ای دارند ایجاد نمایند، لذا پیشنهاد می­شود که در طرح­های پیشگیری و درمان وابستگی به مواد، طرح­واره­های ناسازگار مورد توجه قرار گیرند

Long-term effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the health and safety of children and mothers around the world

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health disaster with significant effects on the health of children and mothers on a scale not seen in 100 years.METHODS: We searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases with keywords of “COVID-19”, “children”, “mothers”, “health”, “impact”, “effect”, and “pandemic”. We found 33 related new studies and wrote a narrative review article. Some of them were full-text articles and others were organizational statistics or expert comments.RESULTS: Analyses showed that the COVID-19 epidemic led to widespread disruption of health systems and reduced access to food, and low- and middle-income countries should expect large increases in maternal and child mortality. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of children and mothers are very different and challenging compared to other people. During the pandemic, many mothers denied access to prenatal care. In addition to the many indirect effects, although most children have mild symptoms, they should be treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) if children are hospitalized with the same percentage of adults.CONCLUSION: It is very necessary for politicians and organizations in charge of children's health to have comprehensive and long-term plans to limit the destructive and unintended effects of the pandemic on children and mothers around the world, with a greater focus on underdeveloped and less developed countries

An Evaluation of the Maladaptive Schemas and Personality Traits among Drugs Dependents

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between maladaptive schemas and personality characteristics of substance abusers. For this purpose, 120 married substance abusers were purposefully selected. According to the results, extraversion personality characteristic can be anticipated through dependency, suffering, restraint and abandonment. Also, the dependent variable of neuroticism personality characteristic can be predicted by four predictors of emotional deprivation, dependency, suffering, and abandonment. The dependent variable of openness personality trait can also be predicted by two predictors of distrust and obedience. The dependent variable of compatibility personality trait can be traced through three predictors of mistrust, defect and emotional deprivation as well. Finally, the dependent variable of being conscientious can be anticipated by three predictors of emotional deprivation, defect and social isolation. Accordingly, it can be concluded that personality characteristics and early maladaptive schemas appropriately predict the factors increasing or decreasing the tendency to addiction

A review of analgesic medicinal plants in Iran

Pain and inflammation are the main problems associated with different diseases in human communities. The currently available drugs including opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are helpful for all patients because of complications and side effects. Therefore, there is still the need for suitable analgesics and researchers are still studying in this regard. Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive substances and antioxidant, and could have analgesic uses. In this review study, analgesic medicinal plants were searched for. Medicinal plants and analgesics were used as key words. The findings indicated that Thymus vulgaris, Mentha pulegium, Ziziphora tenuior, Origanum vulgarel L.Spp, Satureja hortensis Linn, Salvia sclarea, Gundelia tournefortii L., Datura stramonium L., Carum copticum, Pistacia vera L., Coriandrium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Artemisia herba-alba,Cuminum cyminum L., Elaeagnus angustifolia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, etc. are the most frequently used analgesics

The role of media in attracting audiances for public library:A case study on public libraries of Tehran (I.R.Iran)

This study was aimed to evaluate the role of advertising in attracting audience for libraries affiliated to Iranian public libray institute based on the AIDA model in Tehran. This study was applied in terms of purpose and was analytical-survey research from the field studies branch in terms of the method. This study was conducted based on the AIDA model and the population consisted of members of public libraries affiliated to Tehran public library institute during the period from October 2015 to October 2016. The total number of public libraries\u27 members in Tehran was 39085 people. 379 people were selected as the sample based on the Cochran formula. The sampling method was stratified random based on the education component. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire by modeling Jamili brothers, Rabiee and Mohammadian questionnaire (2011). The data were analyzed by SPSS Softwwere in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. 338 questionnaires were returned from 379 studied samples. The results showed that advertising of Iranian public libraries was fauiled to pass the levels of AIDA model in Tehran. But it had the effectiveness lower than average. The results show that unawwereness of community about the libraries with diverse services and easy use has led to a gap between libraries and community in general and potential users in particular. One of the essential causes of the advertising inefficiency was excessive concentration of advertising on the library itself (location). The opinions of the public libraries\u27 members in Tehran city show that unawwereness about the existence of the library and the various services that can be provided even has led to a gap among members. Therefore, Iranian public library institute in general, provincial general offices and cities secondarily, and in particular libraries themselves should use all their facilities to remove the barriers of the distance between the referees and the libraries. This problem can be solved to a large extent by extensive advertising

The role of media in attracting audiances for public library:A case study on public libraries of Tehran (I.R.Iran)

This study was aimed to evaluate the role of advertising in attracting audience for libraries affiliated to Iranian public libray institute based on the AIDA model in Tehran. This study was applied in terms of purpose and was analytical-survey research from the field studies branch in terms of the method. This study was conducted based on the AIDA model and the population consisted of members of public libraries affiliated to Tehran public library institute during the period from October 2015 to October 2016. The total number of public libraries\u27 members in Tehran was 39085 people. 379 people were selected as the sample based on the Cochran formula. The sampling method was stratified random based on the education component. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire by modeling Jamili brothers, Rabiee and Mohammadian questionnaire (2011). The data were analyzed by SPSS Softwwere in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. 338 questionnaires were returned from 379 studied samples. The results showed that advertising of Iranian public libraries was fauiled to pass the levels of AIDA model in Tehran. But it had the effectiveness lower than average. The results show that unawwereness of community about the libraries with diverse services and easy use has led to a gap between libraries and community in general and potential users in particular. One of the essential causes of the advertising inefficiency was excessive concentration of advertising on the library itself (location). The opinions of the public libraries\u27 members in Tehran city show that unawwereness about the existence of the library and the various services that can be provided even has led to a gap among members. Therefore, Iranian public library institute in general, provincial general offices and cities secondarily, and in particular libraries themselves should use all their facilities to remove the barriers of the distance between the referees and the libraries. This problem can be solved to a large extent by extensive advertising

Revisiting the implications of Liouville's theorem to the anisotropy of cosmic rays

We present a solution to Liouville's equation for an ensemble of charged particles propagating in magnetic fields. The solution is presented using an expansion in spherical harmonics of the phase space density, allowing a direct interpretation of the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. The results are found for chosen conditions of variability and source distributions. We show there are two conditions for an initially isotropic flux of particles to remain isotropic while traveling through a magnetic field: isotropy and homogeneity of the sources. The formalism is used to analyze the data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, contributing to the understanding of the dependence of the dipole amplitude with energy and predicting the energy in which the quadrupole signal should be measured

Synergy between intraperitoneal aerosolization (PIPAC) and cancer nanomedicine : cisplatin-loaded polyarginine-hyaluronic acid nanocarriers efficiently eradicate peritoneal metastasis of advanced human ovarian cancer

Intra-abdominal dissemination of peritoneal nodules, a condition known as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), is typically diagnosed in ovarian cancer patients at the advanced stages. The current treatment of PC consists of perioperative systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, followed by intra-abdominal flushing with solutions of chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin. In this study, we developed cisplatin-loaded polyarginine-hyaluronic acid nanoscale particles (Cis-pARG-HA NPs) with high colloidal stability, marked drug loading efficiency, unimpaired biological activity, and tumor-targeting ability. Injected Cis-pARG-HA NPs showed enhanced antitumor activity in a rat model of PC, compared to injection of the free cisplatin drug. The activity of Cis-pARG-HA NPs could even be further improved when administered by an intra-abdominal aerosol therapy, referred to as pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). PIPAC is hypothesized to ensure a more homogeneous drug distribution together with a deeper drug penetration into peritoneal tumor nodules within the abdominal cavity. Using fluorescent pARG-HA NPs, this enhanced nanoparticle deposit on tumors could indeed be observed in regions opposite the aerosolization nozzle. Therefore, this study demonstrates that nanoparticles carrying chemotherapeutics can be synergistically combined with the PIPAC technique for IP therapy of disseminated advanced ovarian tumors, while this synergistic effect was not observed for the administration of free cisplatin