Schumpeter meets Goldilocks: the scarring effects of firm destruction

La crisis económica vinculada a la pandemia de COVID-19 supuso una perturbación sin precedentes para las empresas a nivel global, si bien se vio parcialmente mitigada por las medidas de apoyo desplegadas por las autoridades. Sin embargo, estas medidas están ahora llegando a su fin en medio de un entorno macroeconómico altamente incierto, como resultado de la guerra en Ucrania y del aumento de los precios de la energía. En este contexto, las consecuencias macroeconómicas de un incremento significativo de las tasas de destrucción de empresas suponen una fuente de preocupación que no debe minusvalorarse. Este trabajo documenta una relación en forma de U invertida entre la destrucción de empresas y el crecimiento de la productividad total de los factores (PTF): a niveles bajos de destrucción, la salida de empresas está asociada a aumentos de la productividad relacionados con el fenómeno de la destrucción creativa; sin embargo, a niveles elevados de destrucción, esta asociación se vuelve negativa y aumentos en las tasas de salida redundan en pérdidas de productividad. Asimismo, este trabajo considera un modelo de dinámica empresarial que incorpora una externalidad de la destrucción de empresas que genera la relación no lineal estimada en los datos. En particular, esta externalidad captura los efectos de amplificación asociados a una destrucción de empresas muy elevada que podría forzar la salida del mercado de empresas viables. Por ejemplo, debido a disrupciones en la cadena de suministros o a una contracción generalizada y muy acusada de la oferta de crédito ante un aumento muy significativo de las tasas de impago. Utilizando este modelo, se plantean dos escenarios distintos, dependiendo de la severidad de la perturbación sobre las tasas de destrucción de empresas en España. Si la perturbación acarrea una destrucción de empresas similar a la observada durante la crisis financiera global, el efecto sobre la productividad es positivo y la recuperación económica es más rápida que en ausencia de dicha perturbación. Sin embargo, si la perturbación acarrea una destrucción de empresas hasta cuatro veces superior a la observada durante la crisis anterior, el impacto sobre el crecimiento de la productividad es negativo, porque muchas empresas viables se verían obligadas a salir del mercado debido a la externalidad, lo que haría que la recuperación fuese más lenta.The COVID-19 shock impacted firms severely all over the world. Governments were swift to implement policy measures to aid these firms, but these are coming to an end in the midst of a highly uncertain macroeconomic environment as a result of the war in Ukraine and the surge in energy prices. In this context, policymakers are worried about the potential increase in firm destruction after support policies are lifted, and what its macroeconomic consequences could be. Using data for Spain, we uncover an inverted U-shaped relationship between firm destruction and total factor productivity (TFP) growth: at low levels of firm exit, Schumpeterian cleansing effects dominate and the effect of firm destruction on TFP is positive, but when exit rates are very high, this effect turns negative. In order to rationalize this finding, we build on Asturias et al. (2017) and develop a model of firm dynamics with exit spillovers calibrated to match the non-linearity found in the data. This reduced-form spillover captures amplification effects from very high destruction rates that might force viable firms to exit, for example, due to disruptions in the production network and a generalised contraction in credit supply. Armed with the calibrated model, we perform counterfactual scenarios depending on the severity of the shock to firm exit. We find that when the shock is mild and firm destruction rates upon impact are similar to those observed during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), TFP growth increases, and the recovery is faster. However, when the shock is severe and firm exit is well above that of the GFC, TFP growth decreases, since high efficiency firms are forced out of the market, which makes the recovery much slower. Overall, our results point to the importance of keeping exit rates low to avoid long term scarring effects

Platelet-Rich Plasma Peptides: Key for Regeneration

Platelet-derived Growth Factors (GFs) are biologically active peptides that enhance tissue repair mechanisms such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular effects as stem cells recruitment, chemotaxis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used in a variety of clinical applications, based on the premise that higher GF content should promote better healing. Platelet derivatives represent a promising therapeutic modality, offering opportunities for treatment of wounds, ulcers, soft-tissue injuries, and various other applications in cell therapy. PRP can be combined with cell-based therapies such as adipose-derived stem cells, regenerative cell therapy, and transfer factors therapy. This paper describes the biological background of the platelet-derived substances and their potential use in regenerative medicine

Design of a TCM System Based on Vibration Signal for Metal Turning Processe

Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la identificación del estado de desgaste de la herramienta de corte mediante el análisis de señales de vibración en operaciones de torneado en seco de acero. Al analizar la evolución del valor RMS y los espectros de frecuencia FFT de la señal, se ha desarrollado un sistema de monitoreo de condición de herramienta en línea. El propósito principal es determinar el instante desde el cual la condición de la herramienta se considera inaceptable, lo que afecta la calidad del proceso de mecanizado. Después del análisis que se llevó a cabo el, la conclusión principal es que tanto el RMS como los rangos de amplitud de frecuencia de ciertas bandas de espectro, están relacionados con el desgaste de la herramienta

A stiffness reduction method for the in-plane design of stainless steel members and frames according with EN 1993-1-4

Current design standards for stainless steel such as ASCE 8-02 and EN 1993-1-4 prescribe provisions for the design of cross-sections and members that account for material nonlinearities and strain hardening, although these features are not considered in the global design of structures. Recent studies have highlighted the need of accounting for material nonlinearities in order to design efficient and safe stainless steel structures, and it is expected that the forthcoming versions of the standards will incorporate updated rules for the global design of these structures. To contribute to this field, this paper presents a Stiffness Reduction Method (SRM) for the in-plane design of stainless steel members and frames with stocky sections based on the prescriptions given in the next version of EN 1993-1-4. The proposed approach predicts the ultimate capacity and internal forces in stainless steel structures by performing a second-order elastic analysis in which the stiffnesses of the members are reduced by a set of factors defined in this paper to account for the effect of the spread of plasticity, residual stresses and member imperfections. The accuracy of the presented method is assessed for individual stainless steel structural members (columns, beams, and beam-columns) with different cross-sections and material properties, and for austenitic stainless steel portal frames, against numerical results obtained from nonlinear analyses conducted on finite element models. A comparison between the proposed approach and the Direct Analysis Method prescribed in the upcoming AISC 370 Specification is also provided, showing that the results are comparable in the two approaches.The research presented in this paper was developed in the frame of the Project BIA2016-75678-R, AEI/FEDER, UE “Comportamiento estructural de pórticos de acero inoxidable. Seguridad frente a acciones accidentales de sismo y fuego”, funded from the MINECO (Spain). The financial support received from the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities through the FPI-MINECO PhD fellowship Ref. BES-2017-082958 (I. González-de-León) and from the European Commission through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 842395 (I. Arrayago) is also gratefully acknowledged.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Percepción de los acogedores sobre los programas de formación para el acogimiento familiar en Andalucía

Bernedo, I. M., González, L. y González, E. (2019). PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ACOGEDORES SOBRE LOS PROGRAMAS DE FORMACIÓN PARA EL ACOGIMIENTO FAMILIAR EN ANDALUCÍA. Madrid: Dykinson.Extensa es la literatura científica sobre la educación formal, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre ciertos ámbitos de la educación no formal, algunos muy específicos, como la formación de familias acogedoras. Incluso, dentro del ámbito del acogimiento familiar, la formación previa recibida para ser familia de acogida es un área poco investigada. Por ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de la percepción de los acogedores sobre los programas de formación para el acogimiento familiar en Andalucía. Se ha analizado la satisfacción de acogedores/as de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía con la formación recibida para el acogimiento en relación a aspectos pedagógicos, técnicos y temáticos de la formación a través de un cuestionario on-line. Los resultados constatan la importancia de aplicar mejoras en los procesos de formación para el acogimiento familiar y la necesidad de seguimiento y formación continua durante el proceso de acogimiento familiar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The unconventional peridotite-related Mg-Fe-B skarn of the el robledal, SE Spain

The El Robledal deposit is a Mg-Fe-B skarn hosted in a dismembered block from the footwall contact of the Ronda orogenic peridotites in the westernmost part of the Betic Cordillera. The skarn is subdivided into two different zones according to the dominant ore mineral assemblage: (1) the ludwigite–magnetite zone, hosted in a completely mineralized body along with metasomatic forsterite, and (2) the magnetite–szaibelyite zone hosted in dolomitic marbles. In the ludwigite–magnetite zone, the massive mineralization comprises ludwigite (Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2), Mg-rich magnetite, and magnetite, with minor amounts of kotoite (Mg3(BO3)2), szaibelyite (MgBO2(OH)), accessory schoenfliesite (MgSn4+(OH)6), and pentlandite. The ratio of ludwigite–magnetite decreases downwards in the stratigraphy of this zone. In contrast, the mineralization in the magnetite–szaibelyite zone is mainly composed of irregular and folded magnetite pods and bands with pull-apart fractures, locally associated with a brucite-, szaibelyite-, and serpentine-rich groundmass. The set of inclusions identified within these ore minerals, using a combination of a focused ion beam (FIB) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), supports the proposed evolution of the system and reactions of the mineral formation of the skarn. The analysis of the microstructures of the ores by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) allowed for the determination that the ores experienced ductile deformation followed by variable degrees of recrystallization and annealing. We propose a new classification of the deposit as well as a plausible genetic model in a deposit where the heat source and the ore-fluid source are decoupled

Design and Implementation of a Prototype with a Standardized Interface for Transducers in Ambient Assisted Living

Solutions in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) do not generally use standards to implement a communication interface between sensors and actuators. This makes these applications isolated solutions because it is so difficult to integrate them into new or existing systems. The objective of this research was to design and implement a prototype with a standardized interface for sensors and actuators to facilitate the integration of different solutions in the field of AAL. Our work is based on the roadmap defined by AALIANCE, using motes with TinyOS telosb, 6LoWPAN, sensors, and the IEEE 21451 standard protocol. This prototype allows one to upgrade sensors to a smart status for easy integration with new applications and already existing ones. The prototype has been evaluated for autonomy and performance. As a use case, the prototype has been tested in a serious game previously designed for people with mobility problems, and its advantages and disadvantages have been analysed.Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-363

La formación del psicopedagogo como gestor de los procesos de mediación de conflictos interescolares. (Revisión)

“The formation of the psycho-educationalist as a manager of the inter-scholars´ conflicts mediation” constitutes a proposal for improving the initial formation of the Pedagogy and Psychology Major Professional from the municipality of Manzanillo. It´s main goal is to reflect on the need of training this professional in the management of the processes of mediation of inter-scholars conflicts in the educational institutions that allows providing solution to the educative needs they face in their professional performance related to the insufficiencies in managing conflicts mediation generated in the dynamics of educational environments. The investigation is of great importance since it proposes a program of psycho-educative intervention for the professionals’ preparation. It is inserted in the educative guidance level. Due to the impact the proposal has in the formation of professionals from the Pedagogy and Psychology Major the authors suggests including the result in the curriculum, as a syllabus program or as an optative one.“La formación del psicopedagogo como gestor de los procesos de mediación de conflictos interescolares”, constituye una propuesta en pos del perfeccionamiento de la formación inicial del profesional de la especialidad Licenciatura en Educación. Pedagogía-Psicología, en el municipio de Manzanillo. Tiene como objetivo reflexionar en torno a la necesidad de la preparación de dicho profesional en la gestión de los procesos de mediación de conflictos interescolares en el marco de las instituciones educacionales, lo que permite ofrecer respuestas a las necesidades educativas que se visualizan en su desempeño profesional, relacionadas con insuficiencias en la gestión para la mediación de los conflictos que se generan en las dinámicas de los entornos educativos. El estudio testifica su valía al proponer un programa de intervención psicoeducativa orientado a la preparación del profesional, el que se inscribe en el nivel de la orientación educativa. Por el impacto que tiene la propuesta en la formación de los profesionales de la especialidad Licenciatura en Educación. Pedagogía Psicología, se sugiere sea incluido como parte del plan de estudio en su modalidad de currículo propio u optativo

Active, Reactive and Harmonic Control for Distributed Energy Micro-Storage Systems in Smart Communities Homes

This paper aims to provide control strategies for distributed micro-storage energy systems at the residential level to contribute to smart grid goals. A simulation model of an energy storage system (ESS) charger has been implemented to test these proposed control strategies. The smart community energy management system (SCEMS), acting as an aggregator of resources in the community according to the expected demand and production, sends to each individual home the active and reactive power set-points. Besides, in case the ESS has available capacity, once the SCEMS requirements are satisfied, it is used to absorb the harmonic current components demanded by the household circuitry. It allows a local improvement in the power quality of the demanded current, and thus contributes to the global power quality consumption of the community. Simulation results showing the operation of a local ESS at a home in a Smart Community are presented to validate the proposed control strategies

Open and Flexible Embedded System Applied to Positioning and Telecontrol

This paper presents the development and testing of an open and flexible embedded system applied to positioning and telecontrol (OFESAPO) for outdoor applications. The system is composed of a control center (CC) and a set of remote terminal units (RTUs); the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60870-5 series has been chosen for communication among them. This is a standard protocol of real-time telecontrol applications. The CC is a personal computer, and the RTUs are based on open hardware and software. The RTU hardware is an embedded system, i.e., a system-on-chip-type design using fieldprogrammable gate array that has been programmed with the open-core LEON running Linux operating system. For prototyping, the GR-XC3S-1500 board has been used. As there is no open source code available for the IEC standard protocols, an open source code has also been implemented. Hence, both the hardware and the software are open source in OFESAPO. Several tests have been made to show the system’s limitations and the suitability for real-time applications. A prototype has also been tested in a real environment, where the real position of two moving RTUs was shown by a CC using Google Map.Junta de Andalucía p08-TIC-363