Evaluation of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on non-carcass components of goat kids of three genotypes

This study was developed with the aim of evaluating recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on non-carcass components of goat kids of three genotypes. It was used 23 male goat kids of three genotypes, being 8 Alpine, 4 ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA) and 11 ¾ Boer + ¼Alpine (¾ BA), from which 12 received rbST e 11 control. The growth hormone used was the recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) and animals of treatment 1 received the hormone in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg live weight, from 45 days, adjusted in intervals of 14 days. Animals of treatment 2 (control) received saline solution in the same dosage and interval. The ½ BA goats presented a higher proportion of external non-carcass components (head, feet and skin) in relation to Alpine goats. Regarding the vital organs, such as lungs, kidneys and spleen, and the non-carcass components blood, internal fat and perinephric fat, Alpine goats presented higher values than ¾ BA goats. The administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) did not produce effect on proportions and weight of non-carcass components. Proportions and weight of non-carcass components varied in function of genotypes, although animals were slaughtered at similar live weight.Desenvolveu-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) nos não-componentes da carcaça de cabritos de três genótipos. Foram utilizados 23 machos inteiros de três genótipos, sendo oito Alpino (A), quatro ½ Boer + ½ Alpino (½ BA) e 11 ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpino (¾ BA), dos quais 12 receberam rbSTe 11controle. O hormônio de crescimento utilizado foi a somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) e os animais do tratamento 1 receberam o hormônio na quantidade de 0,3 mg/kg de peso vivo, a partir dos 45 dias, ajustada em intervalos de 14 dias. Os animais do tratamento 2 (controle) receberam solução salina na mesma dosagem e intervalo. Os animais ½ BA apresentaram uma maior proporção dos não-componentes externos (cabeça, patas e pele) em relação aos da raça Alpina. Em relação aos órgãos vitais, como pulmão, rins e baço, e aos não-componentes sangue, gordura interna e gordura perirenal, os animais da raça Alpina apresentaram maiores valores em relação aos ¾ BA. A administração da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) não produziu efeito nos não-componentes da carcaça. As proporções e os pesos dos não-componentes da carcaça variaram em função dos genótipos, embora abatidos a pesos vivos semelhantes.14315

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the milk yield and calving interval in buffalo of the Murrah breed

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as correlações, herdabilidades, repetibilidades, tendências genéticas e fenotípicas, e avaliar as distribuições univariada e bivariada da produção de leite e do intervalo entre partos, em fêmeas bubalinas da raça Murrah, paridas no período de 1982 a 2003. As tendências genéticas e fenotípicas foram estimadas pelas regressões das variáveis dependentes sobre o ano de parto, pelos métodos: regressão linear e regressão não paramétrica, utilizando-se a função de alisamento Spline. As herdabilidades estimadas foram 0,21 e 0,02, e as repetibilidades, 0,32 e 0,06, para a produção de leite e intervalo entre partos, respectivamente. As correlações genética, fenotípica e ambiental foram -0,22, 0,01 e 0,03, respectivamente. As tendências genéticas (regressão linear) foram significativas e iguais a 1,57 kg por ano e 0,085 dia por ano, e as tendências fenotípicas foram 27,74 kg por ano e 0,647 dia por ano, para a produção de leite e intervalo entre partos, respectivamente, tendo sido significativa apenas para a produção de leite. A correlação negativa sugere a existência de antagonismo favorável entre produção de leite e intervalo entre partos; assim é possível selecionar animais com altos valores genéticos para a produção de leite e com menores valores para o intervalo entre partos.The objective of this work was to estimate the correlations, heritabilities, repeatabilities, phenotypic and genetic trends, and to evaluate the univariate and bivariate distributions of the milk yield and calving interval of Murrah breed buffalo, calved from 1982 to 2003. The genetic and phenotypic trends were estimated by regressions of the dependant variables on year of the animals calving, based on two methods: linear regression and articulated polynomial regression. The heritabilities estimates were 0.21 and 0.02, and the repeatabilities 0.32 and 0.06, for milk yield and calving interval, respectively. The genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were -0.22, 0.01 and 0.03, respectively. Genetics trends (linear regression) were significant and equal to 1.57 kg per year and 0.085 day per year, and the phenotypics trends were 27.74 kg per year and 0.647 day per year, for milk yield and calving interval, respectively, being significant just for milk yield. The negative genetic correlation suggests that there is a favorable relationship between milk yield and calving intervals, thus it is possible to select animals of high breeding values for milk yield and with low breeding values for calving intervals

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

CHROMOSOMAL CONSTITUTION IN ROB (5/15) GOAT PROGENY

A total of 116 goats originating from three heterozygous bucks for rob (5/15) were cytogenetically studied at Botucatu, Brazil. In the mating 59,XY,t(5/15) x 60,XX, the offspring karyotype proportion did not differ significantly from the expected ratio of 1 normal:1 heterozygous. In the mating 59,XY,t(5/15) x 59,XX,t(5/15) the observed proportion was 1 normal:2 heterozygous:1 homozygous, and in the mating 59,XY,t(5/15) X 58,XX,tt(5/15) the observed proportion was 1 heterozygous:1 homozygous. No animals had unbalanced karyotypes and no differences in the weight at birth of normal, heterozygous and homozygous kids were observed (P > 0.10)

Efeito da somatrotopina bovina recombinante (rbST) nas características quantitativas da carcaça de caprinos de diferentes grupos genéticos

Foram utilizados 23 machos inteiros de três grupos genéticos, sendo 8 da raça Alpina (A), 4 ½ Boer + ½ Alpina (½ BA) e 11 ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpina (¾ BA), dos quais 11 foram controle (4 A, 2 ½ BA e 5 ¾ BA) e 12 receberam rbST (4 A, 2 ½ BA e 6 ¾ BA). O hormônio de crescimento utilizado foi a somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) e os animais controle (T1) receberam solução salina na quantidade de 0,3 mg kg-1 de peso vivo, a partir dos 45 dias, ajustada em intervalos de 14 dias e os animais do tratamento 2 receberam o hormônio na mesma dosagem e intervalo. Não foi detectada nenhuma influência da rbST nas características de carcaça avaliadas. Os animais da raça Alpina apresentaram valores superiores para o comprimento interno da carcaça e comprimento da perna, em relação aos animais ¾ BA. Os cabritos da raça Alpina apresentaram uma maior relação músculo/gordura em relação aos animais ¾ BA. Não ficou evidenciada a superioridade nas características da carcaça de caprinos em crescimento dos animais mestiços Boer em relação aos da raça Alpina, entretanto estes apresentaram características desfavoráveis, pelo maior comprimento interno da carcaça e maior proporção de osso na paleta