Bacteriostasia, citotoxicidade, atividade antioxidante e sinergismo com antibacterianos comerciais de plantas bioativas com inidicativo medicinal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic effects, phytochemical and interaction of ten plants with six antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed by method macrodilution against Staphylococcus spp and E.coli. As phytochemical the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and carotenoids is evaluated. The antioxidant activity was detected by neutralizing capacity of DPPH and cytotoxic effects through the Neutral Red test. The phytochemical analysis indicated different amounts of phenolic compounds, tannins and sparse concentrations of carotenoids in samples. The results showed a higher sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria against to the extracts the S. cumini the most effective with MIC of 0.08 to 0.74 mg/mL for Staphylococcus spp and extract S.terebinthifolius more efficient for E. coli with an MIC of 0.8 to 3.3 mg/mL. Staphylococcus showed an increased susceptibility to interactions between drugs, with synergistic effects against five of the six antibiotics used in association with T.minuta and R.officinalis, while E. coli showed the best results with the extract S.terebinthifolius. The extracts were presented as antioxidants, highlghting the sheet S.terebinthifolius and E.uniflora, inhibiting DPPH at a concentration of 0.17 mg/mL. In the cytotoxicity P.cattleianum was less harmful species, with 100% cell viability at the concentration of 2.84 mg/ml. These results enable the characterization of plant species and their biological properties and their cytotoxic effects, being of relevance in the development of new herbal medicines and for its use by the population.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante, os efeitos citotóxicos, fitoquímica e a interação de dez plantas com seis antibióticos. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos hidroalcoólicos foi analisada pelo método de macrodiluição frente a isolados de Staphylococcus spp e E.coli. Quanto a fitoquímica, avaliou-se a presença de compostos fenólicos, taninos e carotenóides. A atividade antioxidante foi detectada pela capacidade de neutralização do DPPH e os efeitos citotóxicos por meio do teste de Vermelho neutro. As análises fitoquímicas indicaram diferentes valores de compostos fenólicos, de taninos e escassas concentrações de carotenóides nas amostras. Os resultados demonstraram uma maior sensibilidade das bactérias Gram positivas frente aos extratos, sendo S. cumini o mais efetivo com CIM de 0,08 à 0,74mg/mL para Staphylococcus spp e o extrato de S.terebinthifolius o mais eficiente frente a E.coli, com CIM de 0,8 à 3,3 mg/mL. Staphylococcus apresentou uma maior susceptibilidade às interações entre antimicrobianos, havendo efeitos sinérgicos frente a cinco dos seis antibióticos utilizados nas associações com T.minuta e R.officinalis, enquanto que E.coli apresentou os melhores resultados com o extrato de S.terebinthifolius. Os extratos apresentaram-se como antioxidantes, destacando-se a folha de S.terebinthifolius e de E.uniflora, inibindo o DPPH na concentração de 0,17 mg/mL. Na citotoxicidade, P.cattleianum foi a espécie menos nociva, com uma viabilidade celular de 100% na concentração de 2,84 mg/mL. Estes resultados possibilitam a caracterização das espécies vegetais quanto as suas propriedades biológicas e seus efeitos citotóxicos, sendo de relevância na elaboração de novos fitoterápicos e quanto ao seu uso pela população

Leveduras isoladas em unidade de terapia intensiva do Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Infecções hospitalares estão relacionadas com altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes internados. Objetivou-se identificar as leveduras presentes no ambiente de UTI em hospital do município de Pelotas, RS. A coleta ocorreu por fricção de swabs e por sedimentação em placas. Foram identificadas Candida parapsilosis (27,6%), C. guillermondii (10,3%), C. albicans (6,9%), C. famata (6,9%), Candida sp. (3,4%), Rhodotorulla spp. (20,7%), Cryptococcus laurentii (10,3%), Saccharomyces cerevisae (10,3%) e Stephanoascus ciferri (3,4%), sendo as bancadas utilizadas para o preparo de medicamentos o local de maior isolamento. A presença de leveduras potencialmente patogênicas foi evidenciada, havendo a necessidade de maiores medidas profiláticas

FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE EXCRETA OF WILD BIRDS IN SCREENING CENTERS IN PELOTAS, RS, BRAZIL

A identificação das espécies de fungos pertencentes à microbiota saudável em animais é pré-condição para o reconhecimento dos processos patológicos causados por esses. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de fungos potencialmente patogênicos nas fezes de aves selvagens coletadas em Centros de Triagem. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 50 gaiolas com diferentes espécies de aves. As amostras foram processadas de acordo com o método modificado STAIB e as placas foram incubadas a 32 °C por até dez dias, com observações diárias para detecção do crescimento dos fungos. Observamos o isolamento de espécies: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger e Penicillium spp. Conhecendo o caráter de alguns fungos oportunistas resalta-se a importância para identificá-los, facilitando a adoção de medidas preventivas, como a limpeza adequada das gaiolas, uma vez que a acumulação de excrementos pode indicar um risco tanto para os profissionais de saúde e centros de triagem de saúde pública.The identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in Screening Centers. Samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. The samples were processed according to the modified method STAIB and the plates incubated at 32 °C for up to ten days with daily observation for detection of fungal growth. The isolation of the following species was observed: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger and Penicillium spp. Knowing the character of some opportunistic fungi is important in identifying them, facilitating the adoption of preventive measures, such as proper cleaning of cages, since the accumulation of excreta may indicate a risk for both health professionals and centers for screening public health

USE OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi IN PRE- AND POST-MILKING ANTISEPSIS OF THE TEAT IN DAIRY COWS

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as an alternative treatment for health problems. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a median tree that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. The antibacterial effect of leaves extract of this plant has already been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to test a substance derived from this plant to be used in pre- and post-milking teat antisepsis. The hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian pepper tree was used in opposite quarters for twelve consecutive weeks, and commercial iodine was used as control. None of the indices analyzed – black background mug, CMT, intramammary infections, skin health, and teat health – showed a statistical difference between the treatments, suggesting that the plant extract can be used in pre- and post-milking teat antisepsis, as a substitute for conventional products for herds in an agroecological production system. Keywords: medicinal plants; milk; natural antiseptic; organic production

Fungi isolated from the excreta of wild birds in screening centers in Pelotas, RS, Brazil

The identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in Screening Centers. Samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. The samples were processed according to the modified method STAIB and the plates incubated at 32 °C for up to ten days with daily observation for detection of fungal growth. The isolation of the following species was observed: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger and Penicillium spp. Knowing the character of some opportunistic fungi is important in identifying them, facilitating the adoption of preventive measures, such as proper cleaning of cages, since the accumulation of excreta may indicate a risk for both health professionals and centers for screening public health

Perfil de suscetibilidade antifúngica de diferentes leveduras isoladas da microbiota de animais silvestres, leite com mastite subclínica e ambiente hospitalar

Yeast infections have acquired great importance due to increasing frequency in immunocompromised patients or patients undergoing invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and also because of its high morbidity and mortality. At the same time, it has been seen an increase in the emergence of new pathogenic species difficult to diagnose and treat. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of 89 yeasts from different sources against the antifungals amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole and flucytosine, using the VITEK 2 Compact system. The antifungal susceptibility was performed automatically by the Vitek 2 Compact system. The origin of the yeasts was: Group 1 - microbiota of wild animals (W) (26/89), 2 - cow’s milk with subclinical mastitis (M) (27/89) and 3 - hospital enviorment (H) (36/89). Of the 89 yeasts submitted to the Vitek 2 test, 25 (20.9%) were resistant to fluconazole, 11 (12.36%) to amphotericin B, 3 (3.37%) to voriconazole, and no sample was resistant to flucytosine. Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fluconazole showed an MIC between 1 and 64 mg/mL for the three groups, voriconazole had an MIC between 0.12 and 8 mg/mL, amphotericin B had an MIC between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL for group H and group W respectively, between 0.25 and 16 mg/mL for group M and flucytosine had an MIC equal to 1μg/mL for all groups. The yeasts isolated from the H group showed the highest resistance to fluconazole 12/89 (13.49%), followed by group W (7.87%) and group M (5.62%). The more resistant group to voriconazole was followed by the M and H groups, the W group showed no resistance to this antifungal. Group H was the least resistant (2.25%) to amphotericin.As infecções por leveduras têm adquirido grande importância, devido ao aumento da sua frequência em pacientes imunocomprometidos ou pacientes submetidos a técnicas diagnosticas e terapêuticas agressivas, e devido sua alta morbidade e mortalidade. Paralelamente tem-se observado um incremento na aparição de novas espécies patógenas difíceis de diagnosticar e tratar. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a suscetibilidade in vitro de 89 leveduras de diferentes origens frente aos antifúngicos Anfotericina B, Voriconazol, Fluconazol e Fluocitocina pelo Sistema Vitek 2. O antifungigrama foi realizado automaticamente pelo Vitek 2 Compact. A origem das leveduras foi: Grupo 1‑Microbiota de Animais Silvestres (S) (26/89), 2- Leite com mastite bovina subclínica (L) (27/89) e 3- Ambiente Hospitalar (H) (36/89). Das 89 leveduras submetidas à carta Vitek, 25 (20.09%) foram resistentes ao fluconazol, oito (8.99%) à anfotericina B, três (3.37%) ao voriconazol, e nenhuma amostra mostrou-se resistente a fluocitosina. O grupo três (H) foi mais resistente ao fluconazol que os demais, já o dois (L) foi mais resistente ao voriconazol e a anfotericina B que os outros dois. O fluconazol pode ter apresentado maior número de resistências devido ser um fármaco comumente usado principalmente em humanos. As leveduras isoladas de humanos apresentaram maior número de resistências aos fármacos testados do que as leveduras isoladas de animais silvestres. O que pode ocorrer devido a uma maior exposição dos humanos aos fármacos em relação aos animais que vivem isolados em ambientes selvagens e na maioria dos casos nunca teve contato com fármacos de qualquer origem

Evaluation of phytotherapy alternatives for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in vitro

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the main chemical components of the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) and of the fixed oils of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) and of Helianthus annuus (sunflower seed). As well as testing the three oils and three different commercial synthetic acaricides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in order to explore their acaricidal efficacy. Six different concentrations of the oils (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL) and the active principles were evaluated with the Adult Immersion Test (AIT). The two main chemicals components of C. cyminum L. were the cuminaldehyde and the γ-terpinene. In both B. excelsa and H. annuus were the linoleic and oleic acid. C. cyminum L. showed high acaricidal activity (100%) over the engorged females and on their reproductive characteristat from the concentration of 100 mg/mL. B. excelsa and H. annuus had low acaricidal activity (39.39% and 58.75% in the concentration of 200 mg/mL respectively). The amidine and the pyrethroid (35.12% and 1.50% respectively). It can be concluded that the oil of C. cyminum L. may be a phytoterapic alternative for the cattle's tick control