Rebeld practices and equality policies: centers, margins and possibilities

Num texto publicado pelo Monde Diplomatique, em janeiro de 1995, Ignacio Ramonet chamava “pensamento único” ao que era divulgado através de poderosos meios de difusão: a imprensa económica, o patronato, uma parte da Universidade, os círculos de reflexão e de estudos, as escolas de gestão. Enquadrado num projeto integral de construção de um modelo das relações sociais e de classe, de realinhamento do público e do privado, e de reconfiguração das formas de governo, o pensamento único tem como epítome uma citação de Margaret Thatcher: “[e]conomics are the method, but the object is to change the soul”[1]. Reporta-se à realidade do capitalismo actual, que acentuou as desigualdades[2] , com as diferenças de classe a plasmarem-se em identidades raciais, de género, de nação, de religião, de pertença geográfica[3], nas suas justaposições e multiplicidades. Entre possibilidades perdidas e possibilidades impossíveis, num tempo em que o exercício da caridade e do assistencialismo parece ir substituindo o da partilha e da criação de noções de comum, há práticas de resistência, legíveis nos centros, nas margens, nos esconderijos e em bifurcações não previstas. Estas práticas ilustram o papel dos agentes sociais subalternos e silenciados pela História, que se movem, que agem, que actuam, que se dissimulam ou que se evadem.Fil: Godinho, Paula; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Portuga

Long Term Evolution of the Size Distribution of Portuguese Cities

In this paper we study the evolution of the Portuguese urban system from 1864 to 2001. We apply the rank-size model and use rank-size estimates to describe the evolution of city-size hierarchy. Non paretian behaviour of the distribution is examined by adding a quadratic term to the basic equation of the model. Our results enhance two different processes in the evolution of urban system: until the middle of the twentieth century urban growth was accompanied by population concentration in the largest cities and proliferation of small cities; afterwards growth benefits middle size cities, reinforced in the last decades by heavy population losses in the two largest cities. From the association between the characteristics and evolving pattern of city size distribution and the spatial pattern of urban growth, it appears that the non paretian behaviour of city size distribution in the last decades can be linked to the particular growth process of cities located in the proximity of the central cities of the two metropolitan areas of Portugal’s mainland. In order to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the Portuguese urban system we examine the movements in the ranking of cities. We also analyse the existence of spatial correlation in the process of urban hierarchy restructuring.

The evolution of city size distribution in Portugal: 1864-2001

The rank-size model - which states that the size distribution of cities in a country follows a Pareto distribution - has been recognized as one of those stylised facts or amazing empirical regularities, in spatial economics. A common problem in city size distribution studies concerns the definition of “cities”, namely the consistency of those definitions over time. In this paper we use a city-proper data base which uses a consistent definition of cities from 1864 to 1991. Portugal is a country with long established national borders and whose mainland urban system shows a constant number of cities over that period. In Portugal, empirical evidence on city size distribution based on census data shows that two large cities dominate the urban system, associated with a large number of very small cities and a clear deficit of medium-size cities. In this paper we analyse the evolution of the rank size exponent and examine the effect of varying city size cut-offs on the estimated value of that exponent. Then, we study the deviations of the rank-size distribution from linearity. Finally, we explore the dynamics underlying the evolution of the urban system by examining the relationship between city growth rates and city size. Keywords: city size distribution, Zipf’s law, rank-size, urban hierarchy, urban primacy

The evolution of city size distribution in Portugal: 1864-2001

The rank-size model - which states that the size distribution of cities in a country follows a Pareto distribution - has been recognized as one of those stylized facts or amazing empirical regularities, in spatial economics. A common problem in city size distribution studies concerns the definition of “cities”, namely the consistency of those definitions over time. In this paper we use a city-proper data base which uses a consistent definition of cities from 1864 to 1991. Portugal is a country with long established national borders and whose mainland urban system shows a constant number of cities over that period. In Portugal, empirical evidence on city size distribution based on census data shows that two large cities dominate the urban system, associated with a large number of very small cities and a clear deficit of medium-size cities. In this paper we analyse the evolution of the rank size exponent and examine the effect of varying city size cut-offs on the estimate value of that exponent. Then, we study the deviations of the rank-size distribution from linearity. Finally, we explore the dynamics underlying the evolution of the urban system by examining the relationship between city growth rates and city size.city size distribution, Zipf’s law, urban hierarchy, urban primacy

Long term evolution of the size distribution of Portuguese cities

In this paper we study the evolution of the Portuguese urban system from 1864 to 2001. We apply the rank-size model and use rank-size estimates to describe the evolution of city-size hierarchy. NonParetian behavior of the distribution is examined by adding a quadratic term to the basic equation of the model. Our results enhance two different processes in the evolution of urban system: until the middle of the twentieth century urban growth was accompanied by population concentration in the largest cities; afterwards growth benefits middle size cities, reinforced in the last decades by heavy population losses in the two largest cities. From the association between the characteristics and evolving pattern of city size distribution and the spatial pattern of urban growth, it appears that the nonParetian behavior of city size distribution in the last decades can be linked to the particular growth process of cities located in the proximity of the central cities of the two metropolitan areas of mainland Portugal. In order to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the Portuguese urban system we examine the movements in the ranking of cities, through a Markov chain process. We also analyse the existence of spatial correlation in the process of urban hierarchy restructuring.Urban hierarchy, rank-size distribution, urban growth, Markov processes

The importance of stories to promote empahty in young learners

This report shares an action research project that aimed to answer the question “How can stories be used as a resource in the classroom to promote empathy in young learners?”. Taking into consideration this initial question, the aims of this research were related to the use of stories in the classroom considering the stages associated to the adaption of the story and the storytelling process. Another aim was to understand which tools could be used to assess empathy trait development in students. The study took place from September to December 2019 in a 3rd grade class in a primary school in Portugal. The results highlight aspects to take into consideration when adapting and telling a story successfully in the English primary classroom, as well as a suggestion for a data collection tool to assess the empathy trait development in students.Este relatório pretende responder à questão inicial “Como é que as histórias podem ser utilizadas como um recurso na sala de aula para promover a empatia em jovens aprendentes?”. Tendo em consideração esta questão inicial, os objetivos deste estudo estão relacionados com a utilização das histórias na sala de aula, considerando o processo de adaptação da história e o ato de contar a mesma. Outro aspeto importante deste projeto, seria perceber quais seriam os instrumentos de recolha de dados mais importantes, relativamente ao desenvolvimento do traço da empatia nos aprendentes. Este estudo decorreu entre Setembro e Dezembro de 2019, numa turma de 3º ano, numa escola primária, em Portugal. Os resultados demonstraram diferentes e importantes aspetos a ter em conta no processo de adaptação e no ato de contar uma história de forma bem-sucedida, bem como, instrumentos de recolha de dados pertinentes para a compreensão do estado inicial de empatia nos aprendentes

El tratado de Lisboa de 1864: la demarcación de la frontera y las identificaciones nacionales

El Tratado de Límites entre España y Portugal, firmado en Lisboa en 1864, constituye un paradigma de los modernos tratados de fronteras interestatales. En este artículo en primer lugar, se aborda el estudio de los trabajos de la Comisión Mixta de Límites que se creó, y de sus relaciones con las poblaciones de la «raya» –nombre que se da localmente a la zona adyacente al límite fronterizo-, para después pasar a analizar las negociaciones diplomáticas y el texto final del Tratado. Para mostrar la relación de la demarcación de la frontera con los procesos de identificación nacionales, se pone en relación con los discursos identitarios sobre los que se asentó, en los que conviene distinguir tres niveles: el discurso «palaciego» de las autoridades centrales y los diplomáticos implicados, el discurso técnico y de progreso de los ingenieros y topógrafos militares de la Comisión, y, finalmente, el discurso de las poblaciones locales

o arquivo sensível de Aurora Rodrigues e a resistência à ditadura portuguesa

UIDB/04209/2020 UIDP/04209/2020Neste artigo proponho uma reflexão a partir dos materiais produzidos e recebidos na prisão por uma prisioneira política maoista durante os anos finais da longa ditadura portuguesa (1926-1974). Através deles, com base na partilha do sensível, segundo a proposta de Jacques Rancière, acede-se ao conhecimento da experiência de resistência, assente nas suas memórias traumáticas. As memórias coletivas sensíveis, construtoras de sentidos de pertença, estão ligadas aos grupos, refletindo lugares sociais e perspetivas diferenciadas. Mercê de conjunturas determinadas, algumas podem ultrapassar as dimensões do grupo e implantarem-se como memórias da sociedade. Na linha de Rancière, a partilha do sensível, essa inscrição da ordem do mundo nas categorias do visível e do dizível – o que se pode ver e o que é invisível, o se ouve ou é mero ruído -, é interditada quando se recusa a ordem da dominação e a negação sensível de um mundo comum. In this article I propose a reflection from the materials produced and received in prison by a Maoist political prisoner during the final years of the long Portuguese dictatorship (1926-1974). Through these materials, based on the «partage du sensible», according to Jacques Rancière's proposal, we can access to knowledge of the experience of resistance, based on Aurora Rodrigues’s traumatic memories. Sensitive collective memories, which build a sense of belonging, are linked to groups, reflecting social places and different perspectives. Due to certain circumstances, some may go beyond the dimensions of the group and establish themselves as social memories. In Rancière's perspective, the sharing of the sensitive, this inscription of the order of the world in the categories of what can be seen and what is invisible, what is heard or is mere noise, is prohibited when the people refuses the order of domination and the sensitive negation of a common world.publishersversionpublishe

dos campos ao fim do trabalho no sul da Galiza

UIDB/04209/2020 UIDP/04209/2020publishersversionpublishe

Máscaras, Mistérios e Segredos

Máscaras, mistérios e segredos: com este mote, a partir de idiomas diversos das ciências sociais e humanas e das artes – antropologia, história, literatura, literatura tradicional, folclorismo, etologia, teatro, história de arte – interrogámos (1) as máscaras em processo, (2) a sua associação ao modernismo português – nomeadamente, a Fernando Pessoa –, (3) os segredos, mistérios e enganos, (4) os rostos, os comportamentos e a sua relação com as máscaras