Embeddings of variable Hajlasz-Sobolev spaces into holder spaces of variable order

Pointwise estimates in variable exponent Sobolev spaces on quasi-metric measure spaces are investigated. Based on such estimates, Sobolev embeddings into Holder spaces with variable order are obtained. This extends some known results to the variable exponent setting. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.INTAS [06-1000017-8792]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Interferenzlithografie mit gesteuerter Belichtungsverteilung

Die Interferenzlithografie stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Stabilität der Phasenlage der interferierenden Wellen. Eine Modifikation der räumlichen Intensitätsverteilung erscheint bei Berücksichtigung dieser Randbedingung als schwierig. Dennoch können wir zeigen, dass eine technologisch recht einfache Methode diese Bedingungen erfüllt

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der interferenzlithografischen Herstellung modulierter Blazegitter

Interferenzlitographisch hergestellte holographisch-optische Bauelemente (HOEs) stellen eine leistungsfähige Alternative zu beugungsoptischen Bauelementen dar, die mit klassischen lithographischen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Eine generelle Problemstellung ist dabei die Anpassung der beugenden Strukturen an eine bestimmte Anwendungswellenlänge. Oft besteht jedoch auch der Anspruch, derartige Elemente für mehrere Wellenlängen oder, wie z.B. in der Spektralsensorik, für größere spektrale Bandbreiten auszulegen. Zur Beeinflussung bzw. Umverteilung der spektralen Effizienzcharakteristik ist die gezielte Modulation der Profilform (Höhenvariation, Blazewinkel) über das gesamte Element anwendbar. Technologische Herausforderung ist dabei die Generierung einer modulierten Resistmaske bereits im holografischen Prozess. Wir diskutieren die Profilentstehung an Hand eigener Simulationsrechnungen zur Resiststrukturierung mit gegenläufigen Wellen sowie experimentell gewonnener Daten. Das nutzbare Prozessfenster, innerhalb dessen sich effiziente Blazestrukturen mit lokal variierender Tiefe bei unverändertem Interferenzfeld generieren lassen, wird dabei abgeleitet

Enfermagem na segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária

The aim was to describe how nursing should act in primary health care to ensure patient safety, with the specific objectives of describing the concept of primary health care, understanding the importance of patient safety in primary health care and discussing how nursing must act in primary care to ensure patient safety. The methodology used in this project was through a bibliographic literature review research, where information on the chosen topic was researched, thus raising texts published in Portuguese, produced in Brazil, through a SciELO database, and LILACS, selection of the texts was made by means of survey on the internet, such as academic books, articles and magazines relevant to the subject, with a period between 2015 and 2019. It was evidenced that increasing the structure and services in primary health care represents an excellent strategy to ensure the support of health systems around the world, providing assistance to users in a preventive, continuous and integrated manner.Objetivou-se descrever como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária à saúde para garantir a segurança do paciente tendo como objetivos específicos descrever o conceito sobre atenção primária na saúde, compreender a importância da segurança do paciente na atenção primária na saúde e discutir como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária para garantir a segurança dos pacientes. A metodologia usada nesse projeto foi através de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura bibliográfica, onde foram pesquisadas informações sobre o tema escolhido, assim levantado textos publicados em português, produzidos no Brasil, através de uma base de dados da SciELO, e LILACS, seleção dos textos foi feita por meios de levantamento na internet, como livros acadêmicos, artigos e revistas pertinentes ao assunto, com período entre 2015 e 2019. Evidenciou-se que o aumento da estrutura e dos serviços na assistência primária na saúde representa uma excelente estratégia para assegurar a sustentação dos sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, proporcionando assistência dos usuários de maneira preventiva, contínua e integrada

Enfermagem na segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária

The aim was to describe how nursing should act in primary health care to ensure patient safety, with the specific objectives of describing the concept of primary health care, understanding the importance of patient safety in primary health care and discussing how nursing must act in primary care to ensure patient safety. The methodology used in this project was through a bibliographic literature review research, where information on the chosen topic was researched, thus raising texts published in Portuguese, produced in Brazil, through a SciELO database, and LILACS, selection of the texts was made by means of survey on the internet, such as academic books, articles and magazines relevant to the subject, with a period between 2015 and 2019. It was evidenced that increasing the structure and services in primary health care represents an excellent strategy to ensure the support of health systems around the world, providing assistance to users in a preventive, continuous and integrated manner.Objetivou-se descrever como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária à saúde para garantir a segurança do paciente tendo como objetivos específicos descrever o conceito sobre atenção primária na saúde, compreender a importância da segurança do paciente na atenção primária na saúde e discutir como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária para garantir a segurança dos pacientes. A metodologia usada nesse projeto foi através de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura bibliográfica, onde foram pesquisadas informações sobre o tema escolhido, assim levantado textos publicados em português, produzidos no Brasil, através de uma base de dados da SciELO, e LILACS, seleção dos textos foi feita por meios de levantamento na internet, como livros acadêmicos, artigos e revistas pertinentes ao assunto, com período entre 2015 e 2019. Evidenciou-se que o aumento da estrutura e dos serviços na assistência primária na saúde representa uma excelente estratégia para assegurar a sustentação dos sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, proporcionando assistência dos usuários de maneira preventiva, contínua e integrada

Chiral perturbation theory in a magnetic background - finite-temperature effects

We consider chiral perturbation theory for SU(2) at finite temperature $T$ in a constant magnetic background $B$. We compute the thermal mass of the pions and the pion decay constant to leading order in chiral perturbation theory in the presence of the magnetic field. The magnetic field gives rise to a splitting between $M_{\pi^0}$ and $M_{\pi^{\pm}}$ as well as between $F_{\pi^0}$ and $F_{\pi^{\pm}}$. We also calculate the free energy and the quark condensate to next-to-leading order in chiral perturbation theory. Both the pion decay constants and the quark condensate are decreasing slower as a function of temperature as compared to the case with vanishing magnetic field. The latter result suggests that the critical temperature $T_c$ for the chiral transition is larger in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The increase of $T_c$ as a function of $B$ is in agreement with most model calculations but in disagreement with recent lattice calculations.Comment: 24 pages and 9 fig

Imaging gratings with modulated blaze - realized by a combination of holography and reactive ion beam etching

Blazed gratings are in general the best choice for achieving the maximal diffraction efficiencies in a moderate wide wavelength band. However, a number of applications such as typical spectrometer systems need a broader spectral range. Here the drop of diffraction efficiency for the employed order towards the edges of the addressed spectrum limits the dynamics of the spectral sensor system. Thus we present a systematic approach based on a combination of interference lithography and ion beam etching. It provides a tuneable spectral response curve even for imaging gratings by mixing the characteristics of different blazed angles without influencing the systems spectral resolution

Streulichtarme holografische Blaze-Gitter für den EUV-Bereich

Die physikalisch-optischen Randbedingungen beim Einsatz von Beugungsgittern im Wellenlängen-Bereich um 13,5nm bedingen einen großen Einfallswinkel. Die gebeugte Strahlung hinter einem solchen Grazing-Incidence-Gitter wird dabei an einer wesentlich größeren Fläche umgelenkt, als dies bei üblichen Anwendungen in einem Wellenlängenbereich der Fall wäre, in dem sich Schichtmaterialien mit hohem Reflexionsgrad verwenden ließen. Deshalb wirken sich Abweichungen von der Ebenheit bzw. Sollform des Gittersubstrats wesentlich stärker aus. Durch das sehr große Verhältnis von Gitterperiode zu Wellenlänge ist die Form der Blaze-Facetten der dominierend effizienzbestimmende Faktor. Sehr ungünstig sind in diesem Zusammenhang schlecht definierte Blaze-Facetten sowie auch Oberflächendefekte und Rauigkeit. Wir zeigen, dass die Herstellung dieser anspruchsvollen Gitter basierend auf einem holografischen Mastering in Photoresist in Kombination mit einem RIBE-Transfer-Prozess zu geeigneten Blaze-Strukturen führt. Projekt-Partner: Zeiss: Holografie; IOM: Reaktives Ionenstrahlätzen; PTB: Messungen bei Arbeitswellenlänge unter Nutzung von Synchrotron-Strahlung am Speicherring BESSY; TUI: wissenschaftliche Grundlagen zur Holografi

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

Abstract: Brazil is considered a megadiverse country, but the soil fauna is still very poorly known. The aim of this study was to report, for the fi rst time, the abundance and genus composition of terrestrial enchytraeids (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) in Savanna Tall Woodland (Cerradão) and a pasture in Cerrado Biome and in Upper Montane Atlantic Forest and a grassland in Atlantic Forest Biome. The enchytraeid density in Pasture and Cerradao was 2,036 and 18,844 (204 and 2,094, on average) individuals per square meter, respectively. At the Atlantic forest and Grassland, density was 9,666 and 12,242 individuals per square meter (1,075 and 1,471 on average). About genus composition for the studied areas, Enchytraeus and Hemienchytraeus were found in the four ecosystems evaluated, while Tupidrilus and Fridericia were found only in Cerradão and Atlantic Forest, respectively. Achaeta was absent in Upper Montane Atlantic Forest, but dominant in pasture, while Guaranidrilus was absent in Pasture, but predominant in the other ecosystem