Simulador de mapas autoorganizados de Kohonen

En este proyecto, se ha desarrollado una aplicación que permite trabajar con los mapas autoorganizados de Kohonen, uno de los modelos de redes de neuronas más utilizados en aprendizaje no supervisado. Aunque el funcionamiento de este tipo de redes está perfectamente descrito mediante ecuaciones matemáticas, no siempre es fácil entenderlo desde un punto de vista intuitivo. Una importante motivación para la elaboración de este proyecto era la de proporcionar información visual que permitiese entender intuitivamente el funcionamiento de este tipo de redes. La forma de hacerlo es mostrar gráficamente cómo se realiza el entrenamiento en situaciones muy sencillas: cuando los datos tienen solamente dos dimensiones. Esta es una forma efectiva de ayudar a comprender el comportamiento de estas redes y cómo influyen en el mismo los diferentes parámetros. Además, el usuario puede crear el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento fácilmente con clics de ratón, regular la velocidad a la que transcurre el entrenamiento y pausarlo si lo desea, configurar los parámetros, etc. Sin embargo, aunque didácticamente es algo muy útil, el entrenamiento con datos bidimensionales no sirve para resolver problemas reales, ya que en éstos los datos tienen más dimensiones. La aplicación desarrollada también es capaz de trabajar con más dimensiones, aunque sin proporcionar información visual sobre los datos. De esta forma, también es apta para resolver problemas reales e, incluso, realizar aprendizaje supervisado. Para esto último, la aplicación cuenta con la capacidad de realizar una calibración sobre el mapa una vez finalizado el entrenamiento. Esto consiste en tener en cuenta las clases de los datos para saber cómo de bien los clasifica el mapa, entrenado de forma no supervisada. En todo tipo de casos, el usuario podrá ver en una gráfica la evolución del error cometido por la red durante el entrenamiento, una vez que el mismo ha finalizado. Además, la aplicación puede utilizarse en diferentes sistemas operativos, siempre y cuando tengan instalada la máquina virtual de Java o JVM (Java Virtual Machine).In this project, an application has been developed to work with Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), one of the most commonly used neural network models for unsupervised machine learning. Although this kind of neural network model is defined perfectly by mathematical equations, it is not always easy to understand from an intuitive point of view. An important motivation for the development of this project was to provide visual information to understand intuitively how this kind of network works. The way to do it is to show graphically how training is done in very simple situations: when input patterns are two-dimensional. This is an effective way to help understand the behavior of these networks and how the parameters influence. In addition, the user can create a training dataset easily with mouse clicks, adjust the training speed and pause it if he wants, configure parameters, etc. However, although didactically is very useful, training with two-dimensional data does not solve real problems because in those cases patterns are in a space with more dimensions. The developed application is also able to work with more dimensions, even though without providing visual information about data. Thus, it is also possible to solve real problems and even perform supervised learning. For the latter, the application has the ability to perform a calibration on the map after the training ended. Calibration is to take into account the classes of the patterns to check if map is classifying rightly. But map training is always unsupervised. In any case, the user can see a graph with the evolution of the error made by the network during training, once it has finished. In addition, the application can be used in many operative systems, if they have the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) installed.Ingeniería Informátic

A Framework for Capacity and Operations Planning in Services Organizations Employing Workers with Intellectual Disabilities

[EN] This paper presents an integrated framework for capacity and operations planning in Spanish sheltered employment centers (SECs). Employment provides socio-economic opportunities for people with disability. Well functioning SECs that provide opportunities for people with and without disability to work alongside each other are an important component of Spain's current labor market. To be economically sustainable, SECs need to satisfy their clients expectations in terms of price, flexibility and performance, whilst taking into account and strengthening the diverse skills and abilities of their workforce like specific learning and forgetting processes. The SEC studied herein, a non-for-profit organization whose mission is to create employment for people with disabilities its workforce is deployed directly on clients' premises. Efficient management across this multi-site environment, whilst supporting the diverse employment needs of its staff, is of paramount importance. This paper contributes an integrated framework to support SEC capacity and operations planning, which prioritizes the explicit training needs of workers with disability at all levels (strategic, tactical, and operational) as a lever for achieving the organization's goals.García Sabater, JP.; Maheut, J.; Ruiz, A.; García Sabater, JJ. (2020). A Framework for Capacity and Operations Planning in Services Organizations Employing Workers with Intellectual Disabilities. Sustainability. 12(22):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229713S1171222Fundación Espurnahttps://www.espurna.org/Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (A/RES/61/106)—Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 13 December 2006https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_61_106.pdfJarhag, S., Nilsson, G., & Werning, M. (2009). Disabled Persons and the Labor Market in Sweden. Social Work in Public Health, 24(3), 255-272. doi:10.1080/19371910802595315Mark, B. G., Hofmayer, S., Rauch, E., & Matt, D. T. (2019). Inclusion of Workers with Disabilities in Production 4.0: Legal Foundations in Europe and Potentials Through Worker Assistance Systems. Sustainability, 11(21), 5978. doi:10.3390/su11215978Santos, P. J. de los, & Costa, R. S. (2015). Workers with disabilities in sheltered employment centres: a training needs analysis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(7), 756-769. doi:10.1080/13603116.2015.1111446Miralles, C., Marin-Garcia, J. A., Ferrus, G., & Costa, A. M. (2010). Operations research/management science tools for integrating people with disabilities into employment. A study on Valencia’s Sheltered Work Centres for Disabled. International Transactions in Operational Research, 17(4), 457-473. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3995.2009.00727.xChaves-Avila, R., & Savall-Morera, T. (2019). The Social Economy in a Context of Austerity Policies: The Tension Between Political Discourse and Implemented Policies in Spain. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30(3), 487-498. doi:10.1007/s11266-018-00075-3López-Penabad, M.-C., Maside-Sanfiz, J. M., Torrelles Manent, J., & Iglesias-Casal, A. (2020). Application of the DEA Double Bootstrap to Analyze Efficiency in Galician Sheltered Workshops. Sustainability, 12(16), 6625. doi:10.3390/su12166625Galeano Revert, A., García-Sabater, J. P., & Miralles Insa, C. (2018). Triple Bottom-line Business Model. Case study on the organic food retailing. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 9(1), 30. doi:10.4995/wpom.v9i1.9131Chi, C.-F., Dewi, R. S., Jang, Y., & Liu, H.-L. (2018). Workplace accommodation for workers with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 68, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2018.06.001Ellinger, A. E., Naidoo, J., Ellinger, A. D., Filips, K., & Herrin, G. D. (2020). Applying blue ocean strategy to hire and assimilate workers with disabilities into distribution centers. Business Horizons, 63(3), 339-350. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2020.01.009Lindsay, S., Cagliostro, E., Albarico, M., Mortaji, N., & Karon, L. (2018). A Systematic Review of the Benefits of Hiring People with Disabilities. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28(4), 634-655. doi:10.1007/s10926-018-9756-zBitencourt, R. S., & de M. Guimarães, L. B. (2012). Inclusion of people with disabilities in the production system of a footwear industry. Work, 41, 4767-4774. doi:10.3233/wor-2012-0027-4767Hübner, A. H., Kuhn, H., & Sternbeck, M. G. (2013). Demand and supply chain planning in grocery retail: an operations planning framework. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 41(7), 512-530. doi:10.1108/ijrdm-05-2013-0104Tuomikangas, N., & Kaipia, R. (2014). A coordination framework for sales and operations planning (S&OP): Synthesis from the literature. International Journal of Production Economics, 154, 243-262. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.04.026Li, Y., Chen, J., & Cai, X. (2007). An integrated staff-sizing approach considering feasibility of scheduling decision. Annals of Operations Research, 155(1), 361-390. doi:10.1007/s10479-007-0215-zZeng, L., Zhao, M., & Liu, Y. (2017). Airport ground workforce planning with hierarchical skills: a new formulation and branch-and-price approach. Annals of Operations Research, 275(1), 245-258. doi:10.1007/s10479-017-2624-yLlort, N., Lusa, A., Martínez-Costa, C., & Mateo, M. (2018). A decision support system and a mathematical model for strategic workforce planning in consultancies. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 31(2), 497-523. doi:10.1007/s10696-018-9321-2Van den Bergh, J., Beliën, J., De Bruecker, P., Demeulemeester, E., & De Boeck, L. (2013). Personnel scheduling: A literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, 226(3), 367-385. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.11.029Henderson, J. C., Krajewski, L. J., & Showalter, M. J. (1982). An integrated approach for manpower planning in the service sector. Omega, 10(1), 61-73. doi:10.1016/0305-0483(82)90086-xKomarudin, De Feyter, T., Guerry, M.-A., & Vanden Berghe, G. (2020). The extended roster quality staffing problem: addressing roster quality variation within a staffing planning period. Journal of Scheduling, 23(2), 253-264. doi:10.1007/s10951-020-00654-7Das, D., & Yadav, C. (2020). A framework of hiring strategy for manpower hiring in a hyper-local food delivery organization. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 113-135. doi:10.1108/jamr-06-2020-0104Maenhout, B., & Vanhoucke, M. (2013). An integrated nurse staffing and scheduling analysis for longer-term nursing staff allocation problems. Omega, 41(2), 485-499. doi:10.1016/j.omega.2012.01.002Benavides, A. J., Ritt, M., & Miralles, C. (2014). Flow shop scheduling with heterogeneous workers. European Journal of Operational Research, 237(2), 713-720. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2014.02.012Miralles, C., García-Sabater, J. P., Andrés, C., & Cardós, M. (2008). Branch and bound procedures for solving the Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem: Application to Sheltered Work centres for Disabled. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 156(3), 352-367. doi:10.1016/j.dam.2005.12.012Moreira, M. C. O., Pastor, R., Costa, A. M., & Miralles, C. (2017). The multi-objective assembly line worker integration and balancing problem of type-2. Computers & Operations Research, 82, 114-125. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2017.01.003Bartlo, P., & Klein, P. J. (2011). Physical Activity Benefits and Needs in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Systematic Review of the Literature. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116(3), 220-232. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.3.220Verdugo, M. A., Jordán de Urríes, F. B., Jenaro, C., Caballo, C., & Crespo, M. (2006). Quality of Life of Workers with an Intellectual Disability in Supported Employment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 309-316. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00277.xBossink, L. W. M., van der Putten, A. A., & Vlaskamp, C. (2017). Understanding low levels of physical activity in people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review to identify barriers and facilitators. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 68, 95-110. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.008Milner, A., LaMontagne, A. D., Aitken, Z., Bentley, R., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2014). Employment status and mental health among persons with and without a disability: evidence from an Australian cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 68(11), 1064-1071. doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204147Nembhard, D. A., & Uzumeri, M. V. (2000). Experiential learning and forgetting for manual and cognitive tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25(4), 315-326. doi:10.1016/s0169-8141(99)00021-9Siporin, S., & Lysack, C. (2004). Quality of Life and Supported Employment: A Case Study of Three Women With Developmental Disabilities. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(4), 455-465. doi:10.5014/ajot.58.4.455Buntinx, W. H. E., & Schalock, R. L. (2010). Models of Disability, Quality of Life, and Individualized Supports: Implications for Professional Practice in Intellectual Disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(4), 283-294. doi:10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00278.xQin, R., & Nembhard, D. A. (2015). Workforce agility in operations management. Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science, 20(2), 55-69. doi:10.1016/j.sorms.2015.11.001Rius-Sorolla, G., Maheut, J., Estellés-Miguel, S., & Garcia-Sabater, J. P. (2018). Coordination mechanisms with mathematical programming models for decentralized decision-making: a literature review. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 28(1), 61-104. doi:10.1007/s10100-018-0594-

Operations Management at the service of health care management: Example of a proposal for action research to plan and schedule health resources in scenarios derived from the COVID-19 outbreak

[EN] With this work, we intend to promote research on the application of Operations Management tools in order to assist with decision-making in health crisis situations. During the first six weeks of the COVID-19 crisis in Spain, we have contacted a large number of hospital and health department managers in the Valencian Community and other regions of Spain. The result is that very few, at least when contact was made and at the time of writing this article, had consulted staff members in the Operations Management area for advice on this situation, and they are quite reluctant to do so. This is in spite of the fact that some medical sources also consider this crisis to be one of resources, not merely a medical crisis. Our opinion is that Operations Management can make a useful and valuable contribution to anticipate and improve the management of scarce resources, even in times of crisis. If those responsible for public health or heads of hospitals do not see this usefulness, then there is a huge gap between research and practice in Operations Management and what is transmitted to the healthcare sector. Our aim is to help reduce this gap.Marin-Garcia, JA.; García Sabater, JP.; Ruiz, A.; Maheut, J.; García Sabater, JJ. (2020). Operations Management at the service of health care management: Example of a proposal for action research to plan and schedule health resources in scenarios derived from the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management. 13(2):213-227. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3190S21322713

Latent Profiles of Burnout, Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptomatology among Teachers

Burnout is a reality in the teaching profession. Specifically, teaching staff usually have higher burnout rates. The present study aims to analyze the different burnout profiles and to verify if there were differences between burnout profiles in depressive symptomatology and in the self-esteem of the teachers at school. The total number of participants was 210 teachers from 30 to 65 years. The first scale was the Maslach burnout inventory, the second scale was the Self-Rating depression scale and the third scale was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale . The latent class analysis identified three burnout profiles: the first group with a high level of emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment and depersonalization (high burnout); the second group with low emotional exhaustion, low depersonalization and high personal accomplishment (low burnout) and the third group with low depersonalization, low emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment (moderate burnout). The results revealed that there were differences in depressive symptomatology (group 1 obtained higher scores than group 2 and group 3) and self-esteem (group 2 obtained higher scores than group 1). The psychological balance and health of teachers depend on preventing the factors that have been associated with this syndrome

Editorial: Presentación acerca de las agendas de arqueología

Desde su inicio como práctica científica, ha sido una constante que al interior de la arqueología convivan diferentes posturas teóricas. Como ha sido descrito, esta situación está relacionada con la singularidad y la variabilidad de los que los arqueólogos plantean como centro de atención, así como con el contexto, social político e ideológico en el que opera la dicha práctica. Aunque estos rasgos se reconocieron tempranamente en los denominados países del “primer mundo”, la discusión sobre el estatuto epistemológico y ontológico de la arqueología en latinoamérica ha sido reciente y limitada. Las razones pueden ser múltiples. Si se concede un rango de amplitud mayor al que tradicionalmente se le asigna, gran parte de las discusiones respecto al deber ser de la arqueología y el conjunto de teorías al que acude pueden perfectamente suscribirse, o tal vez reducirse, a dicha reflexión

Aproximación a la técnica “Aprender Haciendo” para la docencia en microprocesadores

Es frecuente que en la docencia en microprocesadores, lo que menos hay es electrónica digital. En muchos casos se utiliza un dispositivo comercial cuya descripción se basa en bloques funcionales sin los esquemas de los circuitos que los implementan. Una vez hecha esta descripción se pasa a su utilización (programación del dispositivo). Esta forma de actuar es informática pero no electrónica. La justificación de ello está en la complejidad de los circuitos que se utilizan en los microprocesadores. Sin embargo esto se supera fácilmente analizando cada elemento necesario para construir un microprocesador y desarrollando los esquemas utilizando dispositivos comerciales disponibles. Esta forma de bricolaje aplicado a la electrónica digital da muy buenos resultados en cuanto a la comprensión del funcionamiento por parte de los estudiantes. Con esta técnica, los estudiantes “ven” como funciona cada una de las partes ya que disponen de los catálogos de los fabricantes y conocen su funcionamiento porque son elementos básicos de electrónica digital, como puertas, biestables, circuitos combinacionales y secuenciales. Además pueden experimentarlos ya sea haciendo el montaje o por simulación.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Empoisonnement chronique par le cuivre chez des agneaux du sud-est de l'Espagne associe a un aliment a base de tournesol.

©1999. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Canadian Veterinary Journal.Sunflower meal with a copper/molybdenum ratio of 10 caused copper toxicosis in lambs. Copper must be analyzed on a dry matter basis in liver and renal cortex. Oral administration of molybdenum and thiosulfate had a certain effectiveness in sick animals. Care must be taken with feedstuffs made from copper-dependent plants.-----------------------------------------------------------Un aliment 'a base de tournesol ayant un ratio cuivre/molybdene de 10 a ete a l'origine d'un cas d'empoisonnement par le cuivre chez des agneaux. Le cuivre doit etre analyse sur une base de poids sec dans le foie et le cortex renal. L'administration orale de molybdene et de thiosulfate a eu un effet positif sur les animaux malades. La prudence est de mise lors d'une alimentation avec des plantes a haute teneur en cuivre

Development of prosocial competencies in PETE and Sport Science students. Social justice, Service- Learning and Physical Activity in cultural diversity contexts

Background: The development of prosocial competencies in university students can be attained through the implementation of Service- Learning (S-L) methodology by carrying out a community service to groups of foreign unaccompanied minors (FUM). Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) and Sport Science (SS) students involved in an S-L experience normally develop a critical way of thinking as they face social conflicts. Besides, social justice education and S-L attempt to help in favour of social inclusion of vulnerable groups. Purpose: This study aims to assess the development of prosocial competencies in PETE and SS students taking a Dual Degree Program in Physical Activity (PA) and SS and Primary Education. This is done through S-L methodology, by carrying out a community service to groups of FUM. Method: A total of 21 male and 9 female PETE and SS students participated in this study. The methodology used is of a qualitative nature. Reflective diary is used as an instrument for data collection, and content analysis as an information analysis technique. Results: It has been observed an improvement in the prosocial competencies of the PETE and SS students involved in the S-L experience. The competencies with the greatest number of references and, therefore, those with a greater presence in their testimonies, include organisation, proactivity and optimism, self-esteem, and tolerance and respect. Conclusion: The S-L is capable of undertaking a transformative role which enables PETE and SS students to acquire prosocial competencie

Decontamination of dental implant surface in peri-implantitis treatment: a literature review

Etiological treatment of peri-implantitis aims to reduce the bacterial load within the peri-implant pocket and decontaminate the implant surface in order to promote osseointegration. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of implant surface decontamination. A search was conducted using the PubMed (Medline) database, which identified 36 articles including in vivo and in vitro studies, and reviews of different decontamination systems (chemical, mechanical, laser and photodynamic therapies). There is sufficient consensus that, for the treatment of peri-implant infections, the mechanical removal of biofilm from the implant surface should be supplemented by chemical decontamination with surgical access. However, more long-term research is needed to confirm this and to establish treatment protocols responding to different implant characterics