Estrategia pedagógica basada en el reconocimiento de la planta medicinal El Puilde, para promover procesos de comprensión lectora con los niños y niñas de los niños y niñas del grado tercero del Centro Educativo El Albicito en Tumaco-Nariño

Formato de consentimiento informado, documento que contiene la información de las entrevistas, formato de diario de campoeEl presente proyecto aplicado se construyó con el objetivo de fortalecer la comprensión lectora con los niños y niñas de tercer grado del Centro Educativo El Albicito a través de la implementación de una estrategia pedagógica basada en el reconocimiento del Puilde considerada como una planta sagrada que está en la selva donde viven el Pueblo Awá, es muy importante para la comunidad, porque permite curar diferentes enfermedades de la montaña. La estructura se realizó con base en los lineamientos de la investigación cualitativa porque permite el análisis de la cotidianidad de un grupo poblacional y como está influye en las relaciones que se tejen; es de corte etnográfico, por el acercamiento con las técnicas de recolección de información como las entrevistas y la observación participante que para lograrla se abrieron escenarios como visitas a terreno, encuentro con Mayores Sabedores y toda la comunidad educativa. Por otra parte, como soporte teórico se cita los principios de la educación desde la cosmovisión del Pueblo Awá, además, se soporta desde las bases que ofrece el aprendizaje significativo referenciado por Ausubel. La construcción de la estrategia pedagógica contiene tres planes de aulas y se armonizaron actividades en línea de la educación propia como recorridos de campo en conjunto con la comunidad educativa y se contó además, con el apoyo de los Mayores Sabedores, quienes generosamente compartieron todo su conocimiento sobre medicina tradicional. Como resultados de la implementación de la estrategia pedagógica, es que estudiantes pudieron observar y tocar a la planta medicinal el Puilde, se enseñó la representación que tiene para el pueblo Awá frente a la construcción de identidad cultural; de igual manera, como responsables de al aplicación de la estrategia, el principal aprendizaje es hay múltiples formas de enseñar a un alumno y que si se proyecta bien las acciones en todas las áreas se puede fortalecer la comprensión lectora, esta acción no solo debe ser del área de castellano.This applied project was built with the aim of strengthening reading comprehension with the children of the third grade of El Albicito Educational Center through the implementation of a pedagogical strategy based on the recognition of the Puilde considered as a sacred plant that is in the forest where the Awa people live, is very important for the community, because it allows to cure different diseases of the mountain. The structure was made based on the qualitative research guidelines because it allows the analysis of the daily life of a population group and how it influences the relationships that are woven; It is ethnographic, by the approach with information gathering techniques such as interviews and participant observation to open scenarios such as field visits, meeting with Elders and the entire educational community. On the other hand, as a theoretical support, the principles of education are cited from the Awa people's worldview, and it is supported from the bases offered by the significant learning referenced by Ausubel. The construction of the pedagogical strategy contains three classroom plans and online activities of own education were harmonized as field trips in conjunction with the educational community and was also counted on, with the support of the Elderly Learners, who generously shared all their knowledge about traditional medicine. As a result of the implementation of the pedagogical strategy, it is that students could observe and touch the medicinal plant El Puilde, the representation that it has for the Awá people was taught in front of the construction of cultural identity; Likewise, as responsible for the application of the strategy, the main learning is there are multiple ways of teaching a student and that if the actions are well projected in all areas, reading comprehension can be strengthened, this action should not only be from the area of Castilian

La globalización y el malestar en la democracia

El origen de este texto es una conferencia en el VII Congreso de la FES (Salamanca, 20-22 de septiembre de 2001) con el título "Estados, mercados y ciudadanía". Publicado en: Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política, 20: 5-24, 2002.En años recientes se ha convertido en un lugar común la idea de que los ciudadanos de los países democráticos, independientemente de que apoyen esta forma de gobierno por encima de cualquier otra, otorgan un nivel de confianza muy bajo a las instituciones de la democracia representativa, desde los partidos y los parlamentos hasta los gobiernos (Nye et al., 1997; Norris, 1999; Pharr y Putnam, 2000). En América Latina, además, los alarmantes resultados del Latinobarómetro de 2001 (Economist, 2001) hicieron temer que, ante la mala marcha de la economía, la insatisfacción de los ciudadanos pudiera conducir de forma imparable a la erosión del apoyo a la propia democracia.Proyecto Desconfianza Política y Gobernación Democrática (BSO2000- 1082) del Plan Nacional de I+D (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, España)Peer reviewe

Characterization of a Natural Mutator Variant of Human DNA Polymerase l which Promotes Chromosomal Instability by Compromising NHEJ

PLoS ONE 4(10): e7290.Background: DNA polymerase lambda (Poll) is a DNA repair polymerase, which likely plays a role in base excision repair (BER) and in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Principal Findings: Here, we described a novel natural allelic variant of human Poll (hPoll) characterized by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C/T variation in the first base of codon 438, resulting in the amino acid change Arg to Trp. In vitro enzyme activity assays of the purified W438 Poll variant revealed that it retained both DNA polymerization and deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activities, but had reduced base substitution fidelity. Ectopic expression of the W438 hPoll variant in mammalian cells increases mutation frequency, affects the DSB repair NHEJ pathway, and generates chromosome aberrations. All these phenotypes are dependent upon the catalytic activity of the W438 hPoll. Conclusions: The expression of a cancer-related natural variant of one specialized DNA polymerase can be associated to generic instability at the cromosomal level, probably due a defective NHEJ. These results establish that chromosomal aberrations can result from mutations in specialized DNA repair polymerases.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Grants BFU2006-14390/BMC, CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00015 and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid Grants P2006/BIO-0306 to L.B., by INCa ‘‘Checkpol’’, ARC, and ‘‘Ligue contre le Cancer (Region Midi-Pyrenees)’’ to J-S.H., by the Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS to T.A.K., by SAF2002-02265 to A.V., and by an institutional grant to Centro de Biologia Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ from Fundacion Ramon Areces. G.T. was recipient of a fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia. A.V. is an Investigator of the Ramon y Cajal ProgramPeer reviewe

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

La filosofía entre el bachillerato y la universidad: Perspectivas docentes para la educación en el siglo XXI (II)

Se trata de la memoria final de las actividades del proyecto nº 106 de la convocatoria de Proyectos Innova-Docencia UCM 2020-2021

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

La filosofía entre el bachillerato y la universidad: Perspectivas docentes para la educación en el siglo XXI

Depto. de Lógica y Filosofía TeóricaGrupo de Investigación "Metafísica, Crítica y Política"Fac. de FilosofíaFALSEsubmitte