Influencia de enfermería en la educación para modificar estilos de vida en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica, compleja y multifactorial que suele iniciarse en la infancia y la adolescencia. La prevalencia de la obesidad está aumentando tanto en países en vías de desarrollado como en países desarrollados. Según la OMS, la obesidad está declarada como una epidemia global que incluye tanto a los niños como a la población adulta. La obesidad supone un mayor riesgo para enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes tipo 2, la enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión, accidente cerebrovascular y ciertas formas de cáncer. He llevado a cabo un estudio cualitativo, basándome en la investigación-acción, para modificar estilos de vida en adolescentes con obesidad y sobrepeso. Durante un periodo de dos meses, he realizado una observación participante en la consulta de pediatría de Atención Primaria de Novelda, para investigar los factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de la obesidad infantil entre niños de 10 a 13 años. Entre los factores externos más influyentes en el desarrollo de la obesidad, fueron el ambiente familiar, psicosocial y escolar. Para apoyar mi teoría, hice una búsqueda bibliográfica. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio confirmaron la gran influencia que ejercen estos factores y por eso, la educación sanitaria es de gran importancia para que abarque todos ellos y se consiga una disminución del IMC en la población infantil

On the anisotropy in the HRTEM images of a decagonal quasicrystalline phase of the Al-Cu-Co-Si system

"Experimental evidence of an electrical and/or magnetic anisotropy was observed in the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of a decagonal quasicrystalline (DQC) phase of the Al-Cu-Co-Si system. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra indicated a composition of Al60Cu23Co15Si2 for this phase. The anisotropy was responsible for poor contrast quality in the HRTEM images along the periodic direction of this phase, whereas good image contrast was observed in the quasi-aperiodic ten-fold plane. Comparing these results to findings previously reported for the Al62Cu20Co15Si3DQC, we conclude that the observed anisotropy is strongly dependent on the selected chemical composition. After analyzing both the electrical and magnetic effects presented by a sample which is observed with an electron microscope, we conclude that the electrical properties of the DQC phase might be responsible for these observations.""Evidencia experimental de una anisotropía eléctrica y/o magnética ha sido observada en imágenes de microscopio electrónico de transmisión de alta resolución (HRTEM) del sistema decagonal Al-Cu-Co-Si de fase quasicristalina (DQC). Espectroscopia de energía rayos-X dispersados( EDS) indica que la composición de esta fase es Al60Cu23Co15Si2: La anisotropía es responsable de la pobre calidad de contraste en las imágenes HRTEM a lo largo de las direcciones periódicas de esta fase, mientras que el buen contraste de imágenes fue observada en los planos quasi-periódicos decagonales. Comparando los presentes resultados y los anteriormente reportados para la fase DQC Al62Cu20Co15Si3. Concluimos que la anisotropía observada, es fuertemente dependiente de la composición química específica. Después de analizar los efectos magnéticos y eléctricas presentados por una muestra al observarse en el microscopio electrónico, concluimos que las propiedades eléctricas de la fase DQC podría ser la responsable de estas observaciones.

Towards industry 5.0 through metaverse

[EN] The digital transformation of the industry allows the optimization of resources through enabling technology that virtualizes the behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) along the entire value chain. However, these virtual environments characterized by machine-to-machine interactions lacked the presence of humans who are at the center of the next defined industrial revolution, Industry 5.0. The goal is for humans to be actively integrated into these virtual environments called metaverses where interactions with environmental digital assets are possible. To achieve this human-centered industrial metaverse perspective, it is necessary to provide humans with technologies that allow them to reach a more immersive and realistic conception of the production processes. For this purpose, we present in this paper, a framework based on hyperconnectivity where several enabling technologies (e.g., Digital Twins, Virtual Reality, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)) are integrated in order to converge towards the industrial human-centered metaverse. To validate our framework, a demonstrator has been developed enabling the evaluation of the behavior of humans in virtual environments when facing collaborative tasks that require human-to-human interaction. Within the evaluation of this demonstrator, an experiment based on an assembly that requires interaction with an autonomous vehicle has been carried out both in reality and in the virtual world. The results obtained indicate that the avatars’ metaverse performance is closer to reality when individuals have previous experience with VR goggles, even proving, in this case, the effectiveness of metaverse for industrial operators’ training. In addition, the performance of the application has been evaluated with technical parameters and the perception of the users has been analyzed by conducting a survey receiving very positive feedback and results. Therefore, the industrial metaverse, blending cutting-edge tech with a human-centric approach for Industry 5.0, is now a reality.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Alfabetización en una segunda lengua (L2) dentro de un contexto multilingüe

This paper presents the results of a study on the development of literacy in Catalan in pre-school immigrant children living in multilingual contexts. The rnain aim was tofind out whether the linguistic distance between the language spoken ut home and the language spoken ut school influences the processes of literacy. Two groups of children from different linguistic backgrounds were compared: the first comprised 17 children who speak a Romance language which uses Latin script, and the other comprised 18 children who speak a non-Romance language which uses Arabic script. The tasks used involved identification and naming of each of the letters in the Latin alphabet, identification and interpretation of texts. The results point to the existence of a shared body of knowledge of the universe written in the L2 that goes beyond linguistic diversity. However, the children of a non-Romance linguistic origin were more disperse in written tasks as well as in procedures of phonographic correspondence. In this study it is difficult to attribute these differences to transfers between writing systems, given the age of the individuals. They may be due to the process of reflection on the two languages that is the result of the act of learning to write in the language spoken ut school

Anthropometric Characteristics and other Dietary Aspects of a Group of Spanish Women Looking for Weight Loss and Enrolled in a Weight Management Program

Overweight is a health problem characterised as a higher than normal body weight due to an abnormal increase in body fat. Body weight adequacy is categorised using body mass index (BMI), however other parameters as fat mass (FM), waist circumference or waist to hip ratio, are relevant. Ideally, body composition should be calculated initially to evaluate changes during a dietary intervention for weight loss. Hunger experience is another parameter to take into account in order to succeed. The aim was to investigate and describe the characteristics of women seeking weight loss solutions. We organised an open program for people with body excess who wanted to lose weight. 252 women participated and answered to a dietary interview. Anthropometric measures of weight, height, body mass index, body fat, waist and hip circumference were taken. The mean age was of 36.84±7.29 years, and most of them, about 90%, have followed dietary programs for weight loss throughout their lives. They all wanted to lose weight in a range of 3 to 20 kilograms with a mean value of 11.49±6.01 kilograms. 123 women had a hunger profile of satiating behaviour and 129 a snacking one. The mean BMI was within overweight values, and mean fat mass was within obesity values. Waist and hip circumference were higher than normal in most of the participants and excess body weight perception and attitude were different. There is a need to tackle overweight and obesity individually, taking into account personal consciousness and expectancy, anthropometric measures and hunger experience

Taxonomic evidence and robustness of the classification applying intelligent data mining.

Numerical Taxonomy aims to group in families, using so-called structure analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs or taxons or taxa). Clusters that constitute families with a new criterion, is the purpose of this series of papers. Structural analysis, based on phenotypic characteristics, exhibits the relationships, in terms of degrees of similarity, through the computation of the Matrix of Similarity, applying the technique of integration dynamic of independent domains, of the semantics of the Dynamic Relational Database Model. The main contribution is to introduce the concept of spectrum of the OTUs, based in the states of their characters. The concept of families' spectra emerges, if the principles of superposition and interference, and the Invariants (centroid, variance and radius) determined by the maximum of the Bienaymé-Tchebycheff relation, are applied to the spectra of the OTUs. Using in successive form an updated database through the increase of the cardinal of the tuples, and as the resulting families are the same, we ascertain the robustness of the method. Through Intelligent Data Mining, we focused our interest on the Quinlan algorithms, applied in classification problems with the Gain of Entropy, we contrast the Computational Taxonomy, obtaining a new criterion of the robustness of the method.Eje: Aplicaciones (APLI)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Taxonomic evidence applying algorithms of intelligent data mining : Asteroids families

Numerical Taxonomy aims to group in clusters, using so-called structure analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs or taxons or taxa) through numerical methods. Clusters that consitute families was the purpose of this series of last projects. Structural analysis, based on their phenotypic characteristics, exhibits the relationships, in terms of degrees of similarity, between two or more OTUs. Entities formed by dynamic domains of attributes, change according to taxonomical requirements: Classification of objects to form families. Taxonomic objects are represented by semantics application of Dynamic Relational Database Model. Families of OTUs are obtained employing as tools i) the Euclidean distance and ii) nearest neighbor techniques. Thus taxonomic evidence is gathered so as to quantify the similarity for each pair of OTUs (pair-group method) obtained from the basic data matrix. The main contribution up until now is to introduce the concept of spectrum of the OTUs, based in the states of their characters. The concept of families’ spectra emerges, if the superposition principle is applied to the spectra of the OTUs, and the groups are delimited through the maximum of the Bienaymé-Tchebycheff relation, that determines Invariants (centroid, variance and radius). A new taxonomic criterion is thereby formulated. An astronomic application is worked out. The result is a new criterion for the classification of asteroids in the hyperspace of orbital proper elements. Thus, a new approach to Computational Taxonomy is presented, that has been already employed with reference to Data Mining. This paper analyses the application of Machine Learning techniques to Data Mining. We focused our interest on the TDIDT (Top Down Induction Trees) induction family from pre-classified data, and in particular to the ID3 and the C4.5 algorithms, created by Quinlan. We tried to determine the degree of efficiency achieved by the TDIDT family’s algorithms when applied in data mining to generate valid models of the data in classification problems with the Gain of Entropy. The Informatics (Data Mining and Computational Taxonomy), is always the original objective of our researches.Eje: Bases de datosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Dificultades en el aprendizaje de la Biología Celular según la opinión del alumnado

Relacionar la implicación de los constituyentes celulares con la función celular y la comprensión del organismo como resultado del funcionamiento coordinado de todas sus células, es uno de los objetivos más importantes que determinarán la actuación docente y la calidad del aprendizaje en la asignatura de Biología Celular. Sin embargo, son muchos los obstáculos asociados a este proceso, entre otros, la naturaleza abstracta de los conceptos, la terminología utilizada para explicarlos, la interpretación de imágenes, la representación mental del concepto célula así como de los procesos bioquímicos que en ella tienen lugar. Reflexionar sobre las dificultades, tanto del profesorado como del alumnado, sin duda servirá para orientar el curriculum en el desarrollo de competencias, mejorar la percepción de la utilidad de los contenidos por parte del estudiante, así como la capacidad de transferirlos y aplicarlos a diferentes contextos y situaciones relevantes. Para ello, en el presente trabajo recogemos, desde la opinión de los estudiantes, las dificultades a las que se enfrenta el alumnado de la asignatura de Biología Celular en el primer curso del Grado en Ciencias del Mar, así como los conceptos que les resultan más difíciles de aprender

Delay effects in the response of low-grade gliomas to radiotherapy: a mathematical model and its therapeutical implications

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a group of primary brain tumours usually encountered in young patient populations. These tumours represent a difficult challenge because many patients survive a decade or more and may be at a higher risk for treatment-related complications. Specifically, radiation therapy is known to have a relevant effect on survival but in many cases it can be deferred to avoid side effects while maintaining its beneficial effect. However, a subset of LGGs manifests more aggressive clinical behaviour and requires earlier intervention. Moreover, the effectiveness of radiotherapy depends on the tumour characteristics. Recently Pallud et al. (2012. Neuro-Oncology, 14, 1-10) studied patients with LGGs treated with radiation therapy as a first-line therapy and obtained the counterintuitive result that tumours with a fast response to the therapy had a worse prognosis than those responding late. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model describing the basic facts of glioma progression and response to radiotherapy. The model provides also an explanation to the observations of Pallud et al. Using the model, we propose radiation fractionation schemes that might be therapeutically useful by helping to evaluate tumour malignancy while at the same time reducing the toxicity associated to the treatmen