Liderazgo Pedagógico. Mitos & Posibilidades

El ingenio y la creatividad, con sustento teórico científico se puede ver en el texto que aguarda el título LIDERAZGO PEDAGÓGIGO MITOS & POSIBILIDADES, al hacer un replanteamiento de lo que significa el liderazgo pedagógico y su connotación en la vida escolar. Parte de las preguntas, el liderazgo será una ¿capacidad?, ¿forma se ser?, ¿habilidad? son, hasta el momento, la recurrencia de los aportes para darle sentido a la categoría en cuestión. De las múltiples formas de entender el concepto asume que el liderazgo solo existe si al menos dos personas interactúan donde uno lidera y el otro se subordina cuestionando lo que sucede en las instituciones educativas haciendo hincapié en las escuelas unidocentes donde se encuentran solo subordinados que buscarán al distinto mediante la identificación del rasgo mínimo que los pueda diferenciar que sería la percepción del otro que toma decisiones oportunas frente a un problema inmediato, discrepando con la concepción que manifiesta que el liderazgo se ejerce por el tiempo de servicios del docente aunque no necesariamente tenga las cualidades para ser un líder idóneo, generándose frustración en el directivo y dilemas en su práctica pedagógica y de gestión . En el recorrido del texto podemos apreciar el deslinde entre el objeto de estudio de la Pedagogía en relación con otros procesos se determina el papel de la ciencia en relación al liderazgo, demostrando inconsistencia de las dimensiones que plantea Robinson toda vez que en el contexto de la adjetivación con la categoría liderazgo resulta un desmedido propósito. La idea de precisar la ruta de los procesos cognoscitivos como demanda actual que no solo simboliza la movilización de los aprendizajes, sino que el directivo debe estar al tanto de todos los procesos que circundan al objeto de estudio de una ciencia. De este modo, la Pedagogía actúa como principio o norma para el desarrollo de otros procesos que naturalmente están orientados por la Didáctica o la misma tecnología; no obstante, el límite entre estas tres categorías genera confusión debido a que el magisterio nacional recurre siempre a lo relativo que con el tiempo se ha convertido en una jerga cuyas denominaciones son típicas. Cuando se cuestiona el liderazgo pedagógico sin tener argumentos que lo sustente es un peligro dado que la gestión escolar requiere de la ciencia para comprender cuál es el papel del docente dentro del aula y del directivo cuando ejerce sus funciones durante el monitoreo. El proceso de gestión escolar no puede crearse en sus propias limitaciones presentadas en proposiciones que no reflejan la naturaleza de la ciencia como la Pedagogía. Cuestionar el liderazgo ante la ausencia de la ciencia pedagógica corresponde al análisis de todo proceso, un directivo tiene que asumir que su rol no es la respuesta con el poder del sentido común. No se trata de considerar que el poder se basa en la experiencia docente o directiva sin hacer el intento de discriminar entre la experiencia y los años de servicio. Lo uno no se vincula con lo otro, por lo que es un riesgo asumir la existencia del liderazgo pedagógico faltando a sus preceptos cuando los problemas no se puedan solucionar oportunamente y como corresponde. Asumir una postura teórica implica reconocer que la ciencia tiene un objetivo claro en la vida del ser humano, considerar los aportes producto de la experiencia es útil siempre y cuando la ciencia justifique sus razones y con ello el aprendizaje sea el mejor. Hacer un recorrido intelectual a través de los tres capítulos del texto, nos invita a hacer una reflexión de lo que constituye el constructo liderazgo pedagógico, convirtiéndose en un elemento motivador para seguir indagando, analizando y argumentando sobre el concepto y sus efectos en la práctica pedagógica

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Estudio de la eficiencia técnica de los grupos de investigación de economía en Andalucía

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónSe analiza, mediante la técnica del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA), la eficiencia técnica del conjunto de grupos de investigación pertenecientes al área de Economía de las nueve universidades públicas de Andalucía. Esta labor se complementa con un análisis cluster que ayuda a explicar los aspectos más relevantes (ventajas y o debilidades) de las unidades evaluadas. Se ofrece un modelo que puede ayudar a la toma de decisiones por parte de los órganos de gobierno de esta importante Comunidad Autónoma, en la medida en que suministra información detallada y objetiva de las causas de las (in)eficiencia(s) de los grupos de investigación.NavarraUniversidad de Navarra. Biblioteca; 31080 Pamplona; +34948425600; +3494817731080; [email protected]

Intermediate amorphous silicon layer for crystalline silicon passivation with alumina

The passivation of silicon surfaces is required to reach high-efficiency with most of modern solar cell device structures. It has been demonstrated that the deposition of charged dielectric layers such a-SiNx:H or Al2O3 on the silicon surface is an efficient passivation technology. In particular, the Al2O3 material is efficient to passivate p-type silicon surfaces, providing lifetimes greater than 1 ms for those with layers deposited by the ALD technique. Other deposition techniques, like magnetron sputtering, have not succeeded to provide this level of passivation, probably due to the damage caused on the silicon wafer surface by the high-energy deposition process. As a solution, we assume that an intrinsic a-Si:H very thin interlayer can serve both as a physical protection layer and as a source of hydrogen atoms for surface chemical passivation. In this regard, we have developed a new approach based on the use of an intrinsic a-Si:H interlayer between the silicon wafer and the 50-nm thick passivation layer of amorphous Al2O3 deposited by sputtering. The results, obtained by QSSPC measurements, demonstrated effective lifetimes in the range of 1-2 ms for both n-type and p-type float zone silicon wafers covered with the a-Si:H/Al2O3 passivation layers and after an annealing process at 350 °C.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Intermediate amorphous silicon layer for crystalline silicon passivation with alumina

The passivation of silicon surfaces is required to reach high-efficiency with most of modern solar cell device structures. It has been demonstrated that the deposition of charged dielectric layers such a-SiNx:H or Al2O3 on the silicon surface is an efficient passivation technology. In particular, the Al2O3 material is efficient to passivate p-type silicon surfaces, providing lifetimes greater than 1 ms for those with layers deposited by the ALD technique. Other deposition techniques, like magnetron sputtering, have not succeeded to provide this level of passivation, probably due to the damage caused on the silicon wafer surface by the high-energy deposition process. As a solution, we assume that an intrinsic a-Si:H very thin interlayer can serve both as a physical protection layer and as a source of hydrogen atoms for surface chemical passivation. In this regard, we have developed a new approach based on the use of an intrinsic a-Si:H interlayer between the silicon wafer and the 50-nm thick passivation layer of amorphous Al2O3 deposited by sputtering. The results, obtained by QSSPC measurements, demonstrated effective lifetimes in the range of 1-2 ms for both n-type and p-type float zone silicon wafers covered with the a-Si:H/Al2O3 passivation layers and after an annealing process at 350 °C.Peer Reviewe

Possible unrecognised liver injury is associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening condition. A previous diagnosis of chronic liver disease is associated with poorer outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact of silent liver injury has not been investigated. We aimed to explore the association of pre-admission liver fibrosis indices with the prognosis of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: The work presented was an observational study in 214 patients with COVID-19 consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Pre-admission liver fibrosis indices were calculated. In-hospital mortality and predictive factors were explored with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results: The mean age was 59.58 (13.79) years; 16 patients (7.48%) had previously recognised chronic liver disease. Up to 78.84% of patients according to Forns, and 45.76% according to FIB-4, had more than minimal fibrosis. Fibrosis indices were higher in non-survivors [Forns: 6.04 (1.42) versus 4.99 (1.58), p  < 0.001; FIB-4: 1.77 (1.17) versus 1.41 (0.91), p  = 0.020)], but no differences were found in liver biochemistry parameters. Patients with any degree of fibrosis either by Forns or FIB-4 had a higher mortality, which increased according to the severity of fibrosis ( p  < 0.05 for both indexes). Both Forns [HR 1.41 (1.11–1.81); p  = 0.006] and FIB-4 [HR 1.31 (0.99–1.72); p  = 0.051] were independently related to survival after adjusting for the Charlson comorbidity index, APACHE II, and ferritin. Conclusion: Unrecognised liver fibrosis, assessed by serological tests prior to admission, is independently associated with a higher risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano