Urbanization causes biotic homogenization of woodland bird communities at multiple spatial scales

Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the impact of landscape urbanization on communities of woodland-breeding bird species in individual (local scale) and across multiple (regional scale) cities, while controlling for the quality of sampled habitats (woodlands). We conducted bird point counts and habitat quality mapping of trees, dead wood, and shrubs in 459 woodlands along an urban to rural urbanization gradient in 32 cities in Sweden. Responses to urbanization were measured as local and regional total diversity (gamma), average site diversity (alpha), and diversity between sites (beta). We also assessed effects on individual species and to what extent dissimilarities in species composition along the urbanization gradient were driven by species nestedness or turnover. We found that landscape urbanization had a negative impact on gamma-, alpha-, and beta-diversity irrespective of spatial scale, both regarding all woodland-breeding species and red-listed species. At the regional scale, dissimilarities in species composition between urbanization levels were due to nestedness, that is, species were lost with increased landscape urbanization without being replaced. In contrast, dissimilarities at the local scale were mostly due to species turnover. Because there was no difference in habitat quality among woodlands across the urbanization gradient, we conclude that landscape urbanization as such systematically causes poorer and more homogeneous bird communities in adjacent natural habitats. However, the high local turnover and the fact that several species benefited from urbanization demonstrates that natural habitats along the entire urbanization gradient are needed to maintain maximally diverse local bird communities

Urbanization causes biotic homogenization of woodland bird communities at multiple spatial scales

Abstract Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the impact of landscape urbanization on communities of woodland-breeding bird species in individual (local scale) and across multiple (regional scale) cities, while controlling for the quality of sampled habitats (woodlands). We conducted bird point counts and habitat quality mapping of trees, dead wood and shrubs in 459 woodlands along an urban to rural urbanization gradient in 32 cities in Sweden. Responses to urbanization were measured as local and regional total diversity (?), average site diversity (α) and diversity between sites (?). We also assessed effects on individual species and to what extent dissimilarities in species composition along the urbanization gradient were driven by species nestedness or turnover. We found that landscape urbanization had a negative impact on ?-, α- and ?-diversity irrespective of spatial scale, both regarding all woodland-breeding species and red-listed species. At the regional scale, dissimilarities in species composition between urbanization levels were due to nestedness, i.e., species were lost with increased landscape urbanization without being replaced. In contrast, dissimilarities at the local scale were mostly due to species turnover. Because there was no difference in habitat quality among woodlands across the urbanization gradient, we conclude that landscape urbanization as such systematically causes poorer and more homogeneous bird communities in adjacent natural habitats. However, the high local turnover and the fact that several species benefited from urbanization demonstrates that natural habitats along the entire urbanization gradient are needed to maintain maximally diverse local bird communities.Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the impact of landscape urbanization on communities of woodland-breeding bird species in individual (local scale) and across multiple (regional scale) cities, while controlling for the quality of sampled habitats (woodlands). We conducted bird point counts and habitat quality mapping of trees, dead wood, and shrubs in 459 woodlands along an urban to rural urbanization gradient in 32 cities in Sweden. Responses to urbanization were measured as local and regional total diversity (gamma), average site diversity (alpha), and diversity between sites (beta). We also assessed effects on individual species and to what extent dissimilarities in species composition along the urbanization gradient were driven by species nestedness or turnover. We found that landscape urbanization had a negative impact on gamma-, alpha-, and beta-diversity irrespective of spatial scale, both regarding all woodland-breeding species and red-listed species. At the regional scale, dissimilarities in species composition between urbanization levels were due to nestedness, that is, species were lost with increased landscape urbanization without being replaced. In contrast, dissimilarities at the local scale were mostly due to species turnover. Because there was no difference in habitat quality among woodlands across the urbanization gradient, we conclude that landscape urbanization as such systematically causes poorer and more homogeneous bird communities in adjacent natural habitats. However, the high local turnover and the fact that several species benefited from urbanization demonstrates that natural habitats along the entire urbanization gradient are needed to maintain maximally diverse local bird communities.Peer reviewe

Realizzazione di seminari a distanza mediante l’uso dello strumento blackboard (lavagna virtuale) (wimbaclassroom del webct) per la conoscenza delle applicazioni e dei progressi scientifici delle colture cellulari in ambito lavorativo

La asignatura de Cultivos Celulares impartida en la Licenciatura de Biología de la Universidad de Sevilla, proporciona a los alumnos información teórica y práctica en esta materia. El gran avance tecnológico de los cultivos celulares aconseja complementar la información. Para ello hemos realizado una actividad formativa que ha permitido a profesionales procedentes de otras universidades o empresas, proporcionar de forma directa y sin desplazarse, conocimientos sobre las técnicas más innovadoras en cultivos celulares. Se han realizado dos conferencias a distancia mediante el uso de la herramienta Wimba Classroom. Se evaluó el grado de comprensión de las conferencias por parte de los alumnos mediante las herramientas tarea y examen de WebCT, así como la posible repercusión en la nota final. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un incremento en el número de aprobados y de presentados a examen en el grupo experimental con respecto al control, así como un aumento de la nota media obtenida (5,92 frente a 4,01). Los alumnos evaluaron distintos aspectos de la actividad mediante encuestas a través de la plataforma, en las cuales se obtuvo un grado de valoración de la misma muy positivo. Los resultados indican que el uso de Wimba Classroom es adecuado para el objetivo propuesto.Cell Cultures is a subject included in the Biologist Degree at Sevilla University, that provides theoretical and practical information in this area. Due to the quick technological development in this field, we consider that is important to contribute complementary information to students who are cursing this subject. By means of the present project, specialists from biotechnological companies, who directly use and work with cell cultures, have provided lectures about different innovative applications in this area. The conferences have been carried out without the physical presence of the speakers by the use of the Wimba Classroom online tool. The level of understanding of the conferences was tested by means of WebCT evaluation tools, and the possible impact in the final califications got by students was analized. The results show that the the group of students that actively participated in the activity got higher final calification than the group who did not participate (5,92 and 4,01 respectively). Students could evaluate different aspects of the activity by answering a WebCT survey online. The results show that Wimba Classroom is adequate for this purpose and that evaluation of the formative activity by students is quite positive.Il corso Colture Cellulari impartito nel corso di Laurea in Biologia dell’Università di Siviglia, fornisce agli alunni informazioni teoriche e pratiche su questa materia. Il grande progresso tecnologico delle colture cellulari suggerisce di ampliare l’offerta formativa. Per questo motivo abbiamo realizzato un’attività formativa che ha permesso a professionisti provenienti da altre Università o imprese, di fornire in forma diretta e senza bisogno di lezioni in presenza, conoscenze sulle tecniche più innovatrici nella coltivazione cellulare. Sono state realizzate due conferenze a distanza mediante l’uso dello strumento Aula Virtuale. È stato valutato il grado di comprensione delle conferenze da parte degli alunni per mezzo dello strumento compito e esame del WEbCT, così come è stata valutata la possibile ripercussione sul voto finale. I risultati ottenuti mostrano un incremento nel numero dei promossi e di coloro i quali si sono presentati all’esame nel gruppo sperimentale rispetto al gruppo controllo, così come l’aumento del voto medio ottenuto (5,92 su 4,01). Gli alunni hanno valutato diversi aspetti dell’attività mediante questionari forniti dalla piattaforma, nei quali si è ottenuto un livello di valutazione molto positivo della stessa. I risultati indicano che l’uso dell’Aula Virtuale è adeguato all’obiettivo proposto

A comparison of Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II), Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP-II) and SNAPPE-II in predicting parenteral nutrition necessity in low birth weight preterm neonates.

Advances in perinatal care have made it possible to improve survival of low birth weight neonates. Clinical risk index for babies (CRIB-II), score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP-II), and SNAP-perinatal extension-II (SNAPPE-II) have been used as mortality predictors for preterm infants. Feeding intolerance is very frequent in preterm neonates, and the development of an early effective biomarker for its prediction could be useful for carrying out a proper feeding strategy. Our aim was to compare the ability of CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II in predict the feeding intolerance and parenteral nutrition necessity in preterm neonates. Methods: A retrospective cohort study on preterm neonates’ born at Jaen Hospital Complex with low birth weight and ≤ 36 weeks of gestation was done. Epidemiological, clinical and clinical scores CRIB II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II were recorded. Results: 255 low birth weight preterm neonates, 131 males (51.4%), aged ≤32 weeks of gestation (71%), were enrolled at our hospital. Parenteral nutrition needed were significantly higher in preterm neonates weighed 2500-1500 g (73.3%) and ≤ 1000g (87%). CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II mean values were higher in neonates group subjected to parenteral nutrition compared with oral nutrition (p<0.05). CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II scores significantly correlated with parenteral nutrition days (p<0.05). Overall mortality rate was 11%. The 78.6% of all deceased infants needed parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II) better than SNAPPE-II correlated with the feeding intolerance and thus the parenteral nutrition days in preterm neonates with low birth weight.Subvencionado: Ayuda del Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Conducting seminars distance using blackboard tools (Wimbaclassroom of webct) for specific applications and progress of cell cultures in relation to the workplace

[ES] La asignatura de Cultivos Celulares impartida en la Licenciatura de Biología de la Universidad de Sevilla, proporciona a los alumnos información teórica y práctica en esta materia. El gran avance tecnológico de los cultivos celulares aconseja complementar la información. Para ello hemos realizado una actividad formativa que ha permitido a profesionales procedentes de otras universidades o empresas, proporcionar de forma directa y sin desplazarse, conocimientos sobre las técnicas más innovadoras en cultivos celulares. Se han realizado dos conferencias a distancia mediante el uso de la herramienta Wimba Classroom. Se evaluó el grado de comprensión de las conferencias por parte de los alumnos mediante las herramientas tarea y examen de WebCT, así como la posible repercusión en la nota final. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un incremento en el número de aprobados y de presentados a examen en el grupo experimental con respecto al control, así como un aumento de la nota media obtenida (5,92 frente a 4,01). Los alumnos evaluaron distintos aspectos de la actividad mediante encuestas a través de la plataforma, en las cuales se obtuvo un grado de valoración de la misma muy positivo. Los resultados indican que el uso de Wimba Classroom es adecuado para el objetivo propuestoEN] Cell Cultures is a subject included in the Biologist Degree at Sevilla University, that provides theoretical and practical information in this area. Due to the quick technological development in this field, we consider that is important to contribute complementary information to students who are cursing this subject. By means of the present project, specialists from biotechnological companies, who directly use and work with cell cultures, have provided lectures about different innovative applications in this area. The conferences have been carried out without the physical presence of the speakers by the use of the Wimba Classroom online tool. The level of understanding of the conferences was tested by means of WebCT evaluation tools, and the possible impact in the final califications got by students was analized. The results show that the the group of students that actively participated in the activity got higher final calification than the group who did not participate (5,92 and 4,01 respectively). Students could evaluate different aspects of the activity by answering a WebCT survey online. The results show that Wimba Classroom is adequate for this purpose and that evaluation of the formative activity by students is quite positive.[IT] l corso Colture Cellulari impartito nel corso di Laurea in Biologia dell’Università di Siviglia, fornisce agli alunni informazioni teoriche e pratiche su questa materia. Il grande progresso tecnologico delle colture cellulari suggerisce di ampliare l’offerta formativa. Per questo motivo abbiamo realizzato un’attività formativa che ha permesso a professionisti provenienti da altre Università o imprese, di fornire in forma diretta e senza bisogno di lezioni in presenza, conoscenze sulle tecniche più innovatrici nella coltivazione cellulare. Sono state realizzate due conferenze a distanza mediante l’uso dello strumento Aula Virtuale. È stato valutato il grado di comprensione delle conferenze da parte degli alunni per mezzo dello strumento compito e esame del WEbCT, così come è stata valutata la possibile ripercussione sul voto finale. I risultati ottenuti mostrano un incremento nel numero dei promossi e di coloro i quali si sono presentati all’esame nel gruppo sperimentale rispetto al gruppo controllo, così come l’aumento del voto medio ottenuto (5,92 su 4,01). Gli alunni hanno valutato diversi aspetti dell’attività mediante questionari forniti dalla piattaforma, nei quali si è ottenuto un livello di valutazione molto positivo della stessa. I risultati indicano che l’uso dell’Aula Virtuale è adeguato all’obiettivo proposto.El proyecto de docencia que se ha presentado ha sido subvencionado por la Universidad de Sevilla dentro del I Plan de docencia de la US, línea de Innovación y mejora docente. La participación en el congreso ha recibido subvención del mismo plan en la línea de Divulgación de proyectos de investigación, innovación y mejora de la actividad docenteDomínguez García, I.; Reina Del Pozo, M.; Castro Feo, B.; Mateos Cordero, S.; Torreblanca López, J. (2011). Realización de seminarios a distancia mediante el uso de herramientas de blackboard (wimbaclassroom de webct) para conocer las aplicaciones y avances de los cultivos celulares en relación al ámbito laboral. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 8(2):161-174. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2010.6201OJS16117482ÁLVAREZ‐ÁLVAREZ, B., GONZÁLEZ‐MIERES C., GARCÍA‐RODRÍGUEZ N. (2007). La motivación y los métodos de evaluación como variables fundamentales para estimular el aprendizaje autónomo. Red U. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, número 2. http://www.um.es/ead/Red_U/2/ESCALONA ORCAO, A.I., & LOSCERTALES PALOMAR, B. (2008). Pautas y materiales para la renovación metodológica en la docencia universitaria. En: V.V. A.A. II Jornadas de Innovación Docente, Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, e Investigación Educativa de la Universidad de Zaragoza. (Eds.) Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Zaragoza.FORÉS, A., BORGES, F., BAUTISTA, G. (2006). Didáctica Universitaria en entornos virtuales de enseñanza‐aprendizaje (1st ed.). Madrid: Narcea, S. A. de Ediciones.LEÓN DE MORA, C. (2006). Planificación, diseño de cursos y docencia a través de Internet con WebCTE6. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.LEÓN DE MORA, C. (2007). Wimba Classroom. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.ZARAGOZA, J., LUIS PASCUAL, J.C., MANRIQUE, J.C. (2009). Experiencias de innovación en docencia universitaria: resultados de la aplicación de sistemas de evaluación formativa. Red U. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, número 4. http://www.redu.um.es/red_U/4

Road‐risk: metodología para la identificación de puntos conflictivos por riesgos múltiples en infraestructuras viarias tras episodios torrenciales

La comunicación recoge los contenidos de una metodología aplicada que permite cartografiar aquellos puntos en el recorrido de una infraestructura viaria que pueden quedar bloqueados por riesgos múltiples de funcionamiento simultáneo, tras unos episodios de precipitaciones de alta intensidad. Se incorporan dos modelos predictivos para identificar los puntos con riesgo de movimientos en masa, descalzamiento del firme y/o encharcamiento y generación de balsas. Se ha diseñado igualmente una aplicación informática que permite aplicar los criterios de predicción obtenidos y cartografiar de forma automatizada los puntos conflictivos en infraestructuras distintas a las utilizadas como área de estudio.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

GEHEP 010 study: Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Spain (2000–2016)

[Objective] To study the prevalence and distribution of HBV genotypes in Spain for the period 2000–2016.[Methods] Retrospective study recruiting 2559 patients from 17 hospitals. Distribution of HBV genotypes, as well as sex, age, geographical origin, mode of transmission, HDV-, HIV- and/or HCV-coinfection, and treatment were recorded.[Results] 1924 chronically HBV native Spanish patients have been recruited. Median age was 54 years (IQR: 41–62), 69.6% male, 6.3% HIV-coinfected, 3.1% were HCV-coinfected, 1.7% HDV-co/superinfected. Genotype distribution was: 55.9% D, 33.5% A, 5.6% F, 0.8% G, and 1.9% other genotypes (E, B, H and C). HBV genotype A was closely associated with male sex, sexual transmission, and HIV-coinfection. In contrast, HBV genotype D was associated with female sex and vertical transmission. Different patterns of genotype distribution and diversity were found between different geographical regions. In addition, HBV epidemiological patterns are evolving in Spain, mainly because of immigration. Finally, similar overall rates of treatment success across all HBV genotypes were found.[Conclusions] We present here the most recent data on molecular epidemiology of HBV in Spain (GEHEP010 Study). This study confirms that the HBV genotype distribution in Spain varies based on age, sex, origin, HIV-coinfection, geographical regions and epidemiological groups.This study has been funded in part by the funds of the research project GEHEP-2018-010, granted by the Hepatitis Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (Grupo de Hepatitis de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, GEHEP/SEIMC)

Metodologías Activas para los “Cuidados de enfermería en el adulto con problemas en la eliminación urinaria y digestiva” de la asignatura Enfermería del Adulto III. Realidad Virtual para el marcaje del estoma

Dentro de la asignatura Enfermería de Adulto III hay un contenido denominado “Cuidados de enfermería en el adulto con problemas en la eliminación urinaria y digestiva”. El cuidado del estoma digestivo es una intervención principalmente de enfermería, por lo tanto, su formación y capacitación en este campo es imprescindible para garantizar la autonomía en los pacientes con estoma digestivo. Así pues, se hace necesaria la búsqueda y el establecimiento de las mejores prácticas pedagógicas para mejorar el aprendizaje y potenciar la formación de los alumnos de Grado en Enfermería para un desempeño autónomo y pertinente a las demandas sociales vinculadas al autocuidado de los pacientes con estoma digestivo. Por esta razón se elabora el presente proyecto, cuyo objetivo principal consiste en implementar las metodologías activas (MA) como estrategia didáctica para mejorar el nivel de enseñanza/aprendizaje en los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería en el abordaje de las personas con estoma digestivo y analizar si estas metodologías mejoran su aprendizaje. Dentro de la gran variedad de métodos de aprendizaje activo, se ha seleccionado el Flipped Classroom (aula invertida), la Gamificación y la Realidad Virtual. El interés en estas MA se debe a su carácter innovador y por estar en pleno apogeo didáctico, además de los resultados relevantes mostrados en diferentes acciones formativas y los múltiples beneficios para el desarrollo del aprendizaje del alumno. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, se organizará un seminario que se impartirá en los Campus Universitarios de Ceuta, Melilla y Granada. En una primera sesión se presentará el proyecto a los docentes encargados de la asignatura y se tendrá una primera toma de contacto con los alumnos, explicándoles cómo se va a desarrollar la acción formativa, así como la posibilidad de otorgar o no su consentimiento de participación. Tras finalizar la experiencia se llevará a cabo la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos, así como el impacto que han tenido las sesiones en los estudiantes a través de una encuesta de satisfacción

Cooperative learning methodologies through Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) permite en el ámbito docente la posibilidad de realizar actividades que suelen resultar atractivas para el alumnado. Cuando están vinculadas de una manera pertinente hacia las competencias que se pretenden conseguir en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, tienen un gran valor didáctico. Si este tipo de actividades se combina o enmarca en una metodología de trabajo cooperativo, el efecto puede ser muy positivo en la actividad docente. Las estructuras cooperativas gozan de un consistente apoyo en relación a los resultados de aprendizaje, así como sobre otros factores como la motivación personal, la valoración propia o las relaciones establecidas entre el alumnado. El presente trabajo describe una experiencia conjunta que pone en valor el trabajo cooperativo como estrategia didáctica, y la utilización de las TIC como instrumento metodológico en diferentes asignaturas y grados en la Universidad de Córdoba realizada durante el curso académico 2018-19. Se analizan sus efectos, así como aspectos a tener en cuenta para su implementación. Siendo la valoración general positiva se observa que el alumnado se implica y aumenta el trabajo autónomo con esta metodología junto con la necesidad de sistematización de la tarea por parte del profesorado.The development of the information and communication technologies (ICT) allows in the teaching field the possibility of performing activities which are attractive for the students. These have a considerable educational value when they are linked in a proper way with the skills intended to be reached in the teaching-learning process. If these types of activities are combined within a collaborative methodology frame, the impact could be highly positive in teaching. The cooperative layouts have a strong support related with the learning results, as well as other factors like personal motivation, a better self-esteem or the established relationships among students. The current work describes a joint experience that points out the value of cooperative learning as didactic strategy, and the use of ICT as a methodological instrument in different subjects and degrees at the University of Cordoba during the academic year 2018-19. It analyzes its effects, in addition to important matters for its implementation. Evaluating this experience in a positive way, it is observed student body is implied, their autonomous work grows together with the necessity of systematizing of the task by the professor

Queymi N° 27

Revista de difusión cultural, publicada por el INC, filial Ancash, en setiembre de 1984. Cuenta con la colaboración de autores locales y notas informativas sobre la actividad institucional del INC-FA. Contiene: Nota Editorial – Cartas -- Ancash en la Historia. La erección de la diócesis de Huaraz, por Manuel S. Reyna Loli – Arqueología. Chavín (de Huántar) en proceso de ser declarado patrimonio monumental, por Martin Flores -- Transcripción. Colección de autores ancashinos, por Cristóbal Bustos Ch. – Opinión. Identidad Regional, por Rubén Almendradez Z. – Discursos. “Doña Nati” y “Estampas de mi madre” – Turismo. Guía de turismo “Ancash”, por Teófilo Maguiña Cueva – Fiesta patronal Santa Isabel de Huaylas, por Juan de Dios Alba – Evocación. Noche de San Juan, por María Turriate de Roca – Folklore. “Illa Rumi”, por Santiago Maguiña Chauca – Literaria. El lorito que se fue, por Francisco Gonzales – Actividades del INC-DA