Anàlisi i diagnosi ambiental dels refugis del PNAP

Els refugis de muntanya es troben situats en zones d'interès natural, sovint protegides, com és el cas dels deu refugis del Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu. En els darrers anys s'ha observat una diversificació en l'ús dels refugis de muntanya, originalment construïts per donar aixopluc als excursionistes, degut a l'augment del turisme i la popularització dels esports de neu i d'aventura. Els refugis estudiats es poden agrupar en tres tipologies diferents: refugis guardats, refugis alberg i refugis associats a pistes d'esquí, cadascuna de les quals presenta una realitat i unes problemàtiques diferents. Mitjançant una metodologia pròpia, es pretén fer una anàlisi i una diagnosi ambiental de cada cas d'estudi i de les diferents tipologies a partir dels vectors que poden generar un major impacte en l'entorn immediat dels refugis: aspectes socioeconòmics, arquitectura, paisatge i impacte visual, energia elèctrica i tèrmica, aigua potable i residual i residus sòlids. La diagnosi permet identificar els aspectes de cada refugi i tipologia que requereixenLos refugios de montaña están situados en zonas de interés natural, normalmente protegidas, como es el caso de los diez refugios del Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu. En los últimos años se ha observado una diversificación en el uso de los refugios de montaña, originalmente construidos para resguardar a los excursionistas, debido al aumento del turismo y a la popularización de los deportes de nieve y de aventura. Los refugios estudiados se pueden agrupar en tres tipológicas diferentes: refugios guardados, refugios albergue y refugios asociados a pistas de esquí, cada una de las cuales presenta una realidad y unas problemáticas diferentes. Mediante una metodología propia, se pretende hacer un análisis y una diagnosisThe mountain hutts are in zones of natural interest, often protected. That's the case of the ten shelters of the Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu. In the last years a diversification has been observed in the use of the mountain hutts, originally constructed to give shelter to the hikers, due to the increase of theNota: Aquest document conté originàriament altre material i/o programari només consultable a la Biblioteca de Ciència i Tecnologia

Metoprolol in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves alveolar infiltration by activated neutrophils. The beta-blocker metoprolol has been shown to ameliorate exacerbated inflammation in the myocardial infarction setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoprolol on alveolar inflammation and on respiratory function in patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS. A total of 20 COVID-19 patients with ARDS on invasive mechanical ventilation were randomized to metoprolol (15 mg daily for 3 days) or control (no treatment). All patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before and after metoprolol/control. The safety of metoprolol administration was evaluated by invasive hemodynamic and electrocardiogram monitoring and echocardiography. Metoprolol administration was without side effects. At baseline, neutrophil content in BAL did not differ between groups. Conversely, patients randomized to metoprolol had significantly fewer neutrophils in BAL on day 4 (median: 14.3 neutrophils/µl [Q1, Q3: 4.63, 265 neutrophils/µl] vs median: 397 neutrophils/µl [Q1, Q3: 222, 1,346 neutrophils/µl] in the metoprolol and control groups, respectively; P = 0.016). Metoprolol also reduced neutrophil extracellular traps content and other markers of lung inflammation. Oxygenation (PaO2:FiO2) significantly improved after 3 days of metoprolol treatment (median: 130 [Q1, Q3: 110, 162] vs median: 267 [Q1, Q3: 199, 298] at baseline and day 4, respectively; P = 0.003), whereas it remained unchanged in control subjects. Metoprolol-treated patients spent fewer days on invasive mechanical ventilation than those in the control group (15.5 ± 7.6 vs 21.9 ± 12.6 days; P = 0.17). In this pilot trial, intravenous metoprolol administration to patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS was safe, reduced exacerbated lung inflammation, and improved oxygenation. Repurposing metoprolol for COVID-19-associated ARDS appears to be a safe and inexpensive strategy that can alleviate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.Mr Clemente-Moragón is supported by a fellowship from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (FPU2017/01932). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, and the Pro CNIC Foundation. Dr Ibáñez is supported by the European Commission (ERC-CoG grant No 819775) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCN; “RETOS 2019” grant No PID2019- 107332RB-I00). Dr Oliver is supported by funds from the Comunidad de Madrid Programa de Atracción de Talento (2017-T1/BMD-5185). All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.S

The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014–2018)

Introduction:Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018.Methods: A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.Results: A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017–2018 compared to 2014–2016.Discussion: Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms

COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

El turismo comunitario de naturaleza: ¿es posible la reciprocidad ecológica en tiempos de paz y cambio climático? dos estudios de caso en Colombia

El turismo comunitario de naturaleza (TCN) se ha posicionado en la política pública como una oportunidad para el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en los últimos cinco años (Organización Mundial del Turismo [OMT] y Organización de los Estados Americanos [OEA], 2018; OMT y Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo [PNUD], 2017)1. Teniendo en cuenta los impactos ambientales del turismo masivo sobre el planeta, los Estados americanos han acordado que el reto de los ODS en Latinoamérica es pasar de un turismo de masas a uno de baja densidad (OMT y OEA, 2018), pero ello requiere de un cambio de lógicas económicas que implica no solo pensar en la equidad social, sino también en la reciprocidad ecológica y ambiental

INSOCTEA VI. METODOLOGÍAS AVANZADAS SOBRE INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL DEL TRABAJO, GÉNERO Y CADENAS GLOBALES PARA LA DOCENCIA EN SOCIOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO Y LA ECONOMÍA CRÍTICA A TRAVÉS DEL TEATRO SOCIAL (TEATRO FORO)

El proyecto METODOLOGÍAS AVANZADAS SOBRE INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL DEL TRABAJO, GÉNERO Y CADENAS GLOBALES PARA LA DOCENCIA EN SOCIOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO Y LA ECONOMÍA CRÍTICA A TRAVÉS DEL TEATRO SOCIAL (TEATRO FORO) llamado coloquialmente INSOCTEA VI, es el resultado de las inquietudes y necesidades docentes de dos asignaturas especializadas como son Sociología del Trabajo y Sociología del Género, en su simbiosis trabajo-género. En ese innovar en el aprendizaje de la Sociología del Trabajo con perspectiva de género aplicando las herramientas del Teatro Social en el aula, como se ha ido viendo en los proyectos anteriores, facilita la experimentación y la investigación-acción-participación (IAP) de los fenómenos sociales, a través de un sistema de trabajo que trata de desarrollar las bases empíricas y teóricas de las Ciencias Sociales, acercando la realidad social a las aulas con una perspectiva comprensiva. Transformando problemas sociales y personales en problemas sociológicos y, también, proponiendo alternativas de cambio social.Depto. de Sociología AplicadaFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEsubmitte

INSOCTEA V. Advanced methodologies on social research of work, gender and global chains to teaching in sociology of work and critical economics

El proyecto “Intersoc y Economía Crítica. Metodologías avanzadas sobre investigación social del trabajo, género y cadenas globales”, llamado coloquialmente INSOCTEA V, es el resultado de las inquietudes docentes e investigadoras de un grupo de PDI y estudiantes universitarios interesados por el Trabajo y su centralidad. En esta edición, se profundizará en la reflexión crítica de las Nuevas Formas de Organización del Trabajo (NFOT) y/o cadenas de valor globales (CVG), que comenzó en la edición anterior, y que conlleva dinámicas complejas, en cuanto a su reflexión, para el personal investigador y alumnado. Los modelos productivos actuales, analizados con perspectiva de género, serán objeto de análisis experto y colectivo a través de dos seminarios de gran reconocimiento académico - Cadenas Globales de Valor y K. Marx. El Capital- que junto al Aula Laboratorio, promotor originario de este proyecto, pretenden avanzar en la reflexión crítica a través de saberes diversos. Dicho de otro modo, con este proyecto, se trata de confrontar el saber experto con la subjetividad de otros saberes, en este caso con el del alumnado universitario, con el objetivo de profundizar en el análisis de las relaciones sociales asimétricas y, por ende, opresoras que se encuentran en el sistema económico actual. En los últimos años, dentro del Aula Laboratorio de Teatro Social de la Facultad de CCPP y Sociología de la UCM (en adelante Aula Laboratorio), donde se integra este proyecto y los anteriores, se han realizado cuatro investigaciones docentes que ha supuesto un gran avance entorno a la inclusión de metodologías participativas a través del Teatro Social como arte escénica que sirve para reflexionar sobre la complejidad social al alumnado. Proyectos docentes como “INSOCTEA. Innovación metodológica del Teatro Social (Teatro Intervención Sociológica) para el aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales en el aula” (2017-2018) (véase: https://eprints.ucm.es/56352/) que planteo dotar de un marco científico a un proceso metodológico de aprendizaje iniciado en el curso 2016 - 2017 en dicho Aula-Laboratorio, y el proyecto INSOCTEA II “Innovación metodológica para el aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales en el aula. Teatro Foro y Sociología” (2018-2019) (Véase: https://eprints.ucm.es/56352/) que cubrió las necesidades teóricas en torno al teatro y la docencia que habían surgido en el proyecto anterior y que conllevo un seminario de lectura muy enriquecedoras en torno a la creación como autoría e investigación y el espectador o espectadora como sujeto y objeto de investigación. INSOCTEA III, “El teatro social como forma de investigación acción participativa y aprendizaje de la sociología del trabajo y el género en el Aula” donde se ahondó en la multidimensionalidad de la investigación-acción-participación (IAP). E INSOCTEA IV “INTERSOC y economía crítica. Jóvenes, trabajo y empleo en modelos productivos periféricos en crisis” dedicado a cómo enfrentar los procesos de subjetivación individuales y colectivos las transformaciones actuales del trabajo y el empleo, a partir del conocimiento situado del modelo productivo español en el marco de las Cadenas Globales de Valor. Y cuyas evidencias, de todos los proyectos, pueden verse resumidas en los videos subidos al canal del Aula Laboratorio UCM vinculado a los proyectos citados: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLJ7IP1NwgRELQe1WhUILDg. En esta nueva edición del proyecto docente, tras los aprendizajes surgidos en las ediciones anteriores, como se ha esbozado anteriormente se pretende aumentar las sinergias entre los diferentes nodos del proyecto para confrontar ese saber experto con el vivencial, con el objeto de fomentar el aprendizaje de conceptos y prácticas complejas en materia de trabajo y empleo al alumnado. Con ello, el estudiante podrá desvelar las bases simbólicas, materiales y pre- supuestos que se asientan en el sistema y que legitiman las decisiones del poder a través de sus propias vivencias. Unas vivencias cuyo tránsito a la vida adulta se desarrollan en unos mercados de trabajo cada vez más complejos y vulnerables. Es en este sentido, en ese innovar en el aprendizaje de la Sociología del Trabajo con perspectiva de género dentro del ámbito de la sociología comprensiva, lo que hace que en esta edición se siga trabajando lo más cerca posible de las vivencias del alumnado de ciencias sociales en la construcción de los objetos y métodos de investigación, pero aumentando las sinergias entre la experiencia y la teoría con herramientas como los seminarios y los relatos biográficos diseñados por el Aula Laboratorio, con el objeto de profundizar en las trayectorias individuales del alumnado que les permita entender al estudiante las vivencias colectivas insertas en los orígenes sociales, el deseo de sus educadores, su historia colectiva condicionada y condicionante, toda vez que sus deseos, rupturas, etc.The project "Intersoc and Critical Economy. Advanced methodologies on social research of labor, gender and global chains", colloquially called INSOCTEA V, is the result of the teaching and research concerns of a group of PDI and university students interested in Labor and its centrality. In this edition, the critical reflection on the New Forms of Work Organization (NFOT) and / or global value chains (GVC), which began in the previous edition, and which involves complex dynamics, in terms of its reflection, for the research staff and students, will be deepened. The current productive models, analyzed from a gender perspective, will be the subject of expert and collective analysis through two seminars of great academic recognition - Global Value Chains and K. Marx. Capital - which, together with the Aula Laboratorio, the original promoter of this project, aim to advance critical reflection through diverse knowledge. In other words, with this project, the aim is to confront expert knowledge with the subjectivity of other knowledge, in this case with that of university students, in order to deepen the analysis of the asymmetrical and therefore oppressive social relations found in the current economic system. In recent years, within the Aula Laboratorio de Teatro Social de la Facultad de CCPP y Sociología de la UCM (hereinafter Aula Laboratorio), where this project and the previous ones are integrated, four teaching researches have been carried out, which have meant a great advance in the inclusion of participatory methodologies through Social Theater as a performing art that serves to reflect on social complexity to students. Teaching projects such as "INSOCTEA. Methodological innovation of Social Theater (Sociological Intervention Theater) for the learning of Social Sciences in the classroom" (2017-2018) (see: https://eprints.ucm.es/56352/) that proposed to provide a scientific framework to a methodological learning process initiated in the course 2016 - 2017 in said Classroom-Laboratory, and the INSOCTEA II project "Methodological innovation for the learning of social sciences in the classroom. Forum Theater and Sociology" (2018-2019) (See: https://eprints.ucm.es/56352/) which covered the theoretical needs around theater and teaching that had arisen in the previous project and which entailed a very enriching reading seminar around creation as authorship and research and the spectator as subject and object of research. INSOCTEA III, "Social theater as a form of participatory action research and learning the sociology of work and gender in the classroom" where the multidimensionality of participatory action research (PAR) was explored in depth. And INSOCTEA IV "INTERSOC and critical economy. Young people, work and employment in peripheral productive models in crisis" dedicated to how to confront the processes of individual and collective subjectivation of the current transformations of work and employment, based on the situated knowledge of the Spanish productive model within the framework of the Spanish productive models in crisis. Spanish productive model in the framework of Global Value Chains. And whose evidence, of all the projects, can be seen summarized in the videos uploaded to the UCM Classroom Laboratory channel linked to the above mentioned projects: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLJ7IP1NwgRELQe1WhUILDg. In this new edition of the teaching project, after the lessons learned in previous editions, as outlined above, the aim is to increase the synergies between the different nodes of the project to confront this expert knowledge with the experiential, in order to promote the learning of complex concepts and practices in the field of labor and employment to students. With this, the student will be able to unveil the symbolic, material and pre-assumptions bases that are based on the system and that legitimize the decisions of power through their own experiences. Experiences whose transition to adulthood takes place in increasingly complex and vulnerable labor markets. It is in this sense, innovating in the learning of the Sociology of Work with a gender perspective within the scope of comprehensive sociology, that makes this edition continue working as close as possible to the experiences of students of social sciences in the construction of objects and methods of research, but increasing the synergies between experience and theory with tools such as seminars and biographical stories designed by the Laboratory Classroom, in order to deepen the individual trajectories of students that allow them to understand the collective experiences embedded in social origins, the desire of their educators, their collective history conditioned and conditioning, as long as their desires, ruptures, etc.Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesFALSEVicerrectorado de Calidadsubmitte

Quorum sensing network in clinical strains of A. baumannii : AidA is a new quorum quenching enzyme

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial infections generally associated with high mortality and morbidity in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Currently, little is known about the Quorum Sensing (QS)/Quorum Quenching (QQ) systems of this pathogen. We analyzed these mechanisms in seven clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Microarray analysis of one of these clinical isolates, Ab1 (A. baumannii ST-2-clon-2010), previously cultured in the presence of 3-oxo-C12-HSL (a QS signalling molecule) revealed a putative QQ enzyme (α/β hydrolase gene, AidA). This QQ enzyme was present in all nonmotile clinical isolates (67% of which were isolated from the respiratory tract) cultured in nutrient depleted LB medium. Interestingly, this gene was not located in the genome of the only motile clinical strain growing in this medium (A. baumannii strain Ab421-GEIH-2010 [Ab7], isolated from a blood sample). The AidA protein expressed in E. coli showed QQ activity. Finally, we observed downregulation of the AidA protein (QQ system attenuation) in the presence of HO (ROS stress). In conclusion, most of the A. baumannii clinical strains were not surface motile (84%) and were of respiratory origin (67%). Only the pilT gene was involved in surface motility and related to the QS system. Finally, a new QQ enzyme (α/β hydrolase gene, AidA protein) was detected in these strains