La conception de bâtiment bois multi-étage, un problème multi-objectif difficile.

Le bois est un matériau à faible impact environnemental qui permet une mise en œuvre rapide. Ses caractéristiques thermiques permettent de limiter les déperditions énergétiques en hiver. Néanmoins la construction bois est encore peu développée en France avec un taux d’incorporation dans la construction de 10% contre 35% en Scandinavie et Amérique du Nord. Par ailleurs, il a été constaté un manque de connaissance en construction bois et plus spécifiquement sur le multi-étage. Nous nous intéressons ici au développement de méthode de conception de bâtiment bois multi-étage en prenant en compte les différentes contraintes réglementaires. Le bâtiment est un système complexe qui fait l’objet d'études de conception multidisciplinaire souvent traitées par champs technologique. Il existe des travaux où des compromis entre les objectifs de performance environnementale, énergétique et économique ont été recherchés. D'autres visent l’optimisation d’objectifs mécaniques et thermiques. Le compromis entre les différents objectifs est alors déterminé suivant le principe de dominance selon Pareto. Les résultats sont représentés sur un front dit de Pareto et le choix d'une solution est laissé à la discrétion du décideur. Partant d’études de conception par optimisation, Mela et al. (2012) proposent de comparer des outils d’analyse multicritère permettant de choisir une solution sur le front de Pareto. L’objectif de nos travaux consiste à développer une méthode d’optimisation multi-objectif couplée à une aide à la décision multicritère adaptée aux systèmes constructifs bois multi-étage. Le but est d'optimiser la conception du système constructif en fonction des exigences normatives (thermiques, mécaniques,...) ou industrielles portant sur le bâtiment multi-étagé (ou multi-étage). L’algorithme d’optimisation sera choisi en fonction des types des variables de décision (continues, discrètes). La mise en œuvre posera la question de l'interfaçage du système d'optimisation avec les outils standards de simulation thermique et mécanique qui peuvent vite devenir gourmands en temps de calcul

Should we consider Dupuytren's contracture as work-related? A review and meta-analysis of an old debate

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In view of the conflicting opinions published, a meta-analysis was undertaken on epidemiological studies in order to assess any association between Dupuytren's contracture and work exposure. METHODS: Using the key words: "occupational disease", "work" and "Dupuytren contracture" without limitation on language or year of publication, epidemiological studies were selected from four databases (Pub-Med, Embase, Web of science, BDSP) after two rounds (valid control group, valid work exposure). A quality assessment list was constructed and used to isolate papers with high quality methodological criteria (scores of 13 or above, HQMC). Relevant associations between manual work, vibration exposure (at work) and Dupuytren's contracture were extracted from the articles and a metarisk calculated using the generic variance approach (meta-odds ratios, meta-OR). RESULTS: From 1951 to 2007, 14 epidemiological studies (including 2 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, and 9 cross-sectional studies/ population surveys) were included. Two different results could be extracted from five studies (based on different types of exposure), leading to 19 results, 12 for manual work (9 studies), and 7 for vibration exposure (5 studies). Six studies met the HQMC, yielding 9 results, 5 for manual work and 4 for vibration exposure. Five studies found a dose-response relationship. The meta-OR for manual work was 2.02[1.57;2.60] (HQMC studies only: 2.01[1.51;2.66]), and the meta-OR for vibration exposure was 2.88 [1.36;6.07] (HQMC studies only: 2.14[1.59;2.88]). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis of an association between high levels of work exposure (manual work and vibration exposure) and Dupuytren's contracture in certain cases

Myeloablative conditioning for allo-HSCT in pediatric ALL: FTBI or chemotherapy?—A multicenter EBMT-PDWP study

Although most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receive fractionated total body irradiation (FTBI) as myeloablative conditioning (MAC) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), it is an important matter of debate if chemotherapy can effectively replace FTBI. To compare outcomes after FTBI versus chemotherapy-based conditioning (CC), we performed a retrospective EBMT registry study. Children aged 2-18 years after MAC for first allo-HSCT of bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from matched-related (MRD) or unrelated donors (UD) in first (CR1) or second remission (CR2) between 2000 and 2012 were included. Propensity score weighting was used to control pretreatment imbalances of the observed variables. 3.054 patients were analyzed. CR1 (1.498): median follow-up (FU) after FTBI (1.285) and CC (213) was 6.8 and 6.1 years. Survivals were not significantly different. CR2 (1.556): median FU after FTBI (1.345) and CC (211) was 6.2 years. Outcomes after FTBI were superior as compared with CC with regard to overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), relapse incidence (RI), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). However, we must emphasize the preliminary character of the results of this retrospective "real-world-practice" study. These findings will be prospectively assessed in the ALL SCTped 2012 FORUM trial.Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe autoimmune diseases in children : a review of current literature, registry activity and future directions on behalf of the autoimmune diseases and paediatric diseases working parties of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Although modern clinical management strategies have improved the outcome of paediatric patients with severe autoimmune and inflammatory diseases over recent decades, a proportion will experience ongoing or recurrent/relapsing disease activity despite multiple therapies often leading to irreversible organ damage, and compromised quality of life, growth/development and long-term survival. Autologous and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been used successfully to induce disease control and often apparent cure of severe treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases (ADs) in children. However, transplant-related outcomes are disease-dependent and long-term outcome data are limited in respect to efficacy and safety. Moreover, balancing risks of HSCT against AD prognosis with continually evolving non-transplant options is challenging. This review appraises published literature on HSCT strategies and outcomes in individual paediatric ADs. We also provide a summary of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Registry, where 343 HSCT procedures (176 autologous and 167 allogeneic) have been reported in 326 children (<18 years) for a range of AD indications. HSCT is a promising treatment modality, with potential long-term disease control or cure, but therapy-related morbidity and mortality need to be reduced. Further research is warranted to establish the position of HSCT in paediatric ADs via registries and prospective clinical studies to support evidence-based interspeciality guidelines and recommendations

Three dimensional creep model for wood under variable humidity - Numerical analyses at different material scales

International audienc