Cultural elements in the Turkish translations of hemingway's short stories

This paper investigates two Turkish translations of fifteen short stories written by Ernest Hemingway. The first, published in 1972, belongs to Yaşar Anday and the second is a more recent translation from 2018 by Elif Derviş. Derviş's translation is the only work in Turkish that includes all Hemingway's short stories. Several challenges arise when the source and the target language do not share the same or a similar cultural background, as in the case of English and Turkish; one of these challenges is transferring the culture-specific elements. The aim of this paper is to discover which strategies are employed by the translators when translating Hemingway's short stories into Turkish, with a focus on culture-specific items. The findings are discussed mainly in relation to the writings of Javier Franco Aixelá and Eirlys E. Davies. The latter draws on Aixelá's translation strategies and creates a more flexible categorization consisting of seven strategies employed by translators when dealing with culture-specific items: preservation, addition, omission, globalization, localization, transformations and creation. The significant time span between the two translations, their different cultural and social background and the translators' style result in rather different texts. The strategies employed most often are preservation, in particular regarding proper nouns, words, and expressions foreign to both English and Turkish, and localization. Omissions are extremely rare and they appear only in the first translation, whereas additions are more often in Derviş's case. Nevertheless, both Anday and Derviş preserve the foreign flavor of the source text, thus keeping the Turkish readers aware of the fact that what they read is a translation of a text written in a different cultural context. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved

Inhibitory Effect Of Propolis (Bee Gum) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From Instant Soups

In this study, microbiological quality of instant soups sold in markets and the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from instant soups were examined. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and S. aureus counts of 6 different types of instant soups were analyzed. Microbiological analysis was carried out in a total of 72 packages of soups, including three replicates. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts and S. aureus counts were determined to be 3.51–4.53 log cfu/g and 0.93–1.71 log cfu/g, respectively. Coliform bacteria were not detected in any of the tomato soups analyzed. The highest number of coliform bacteria (2.10 log cfu/g) was detected in Ezogelin soups. Escherichia coli was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. In addition, the inhibitory effects of five different antibiotics and three different propolis extracts supplied from three different regions of Turkey (Corlu, Kirklareli and Ordu) were examined against S. aureus isolated from the instant soups. Using S. aureus bacteria isolated from tripe soup, a zone diameter of 36.62±0.17 mm was observed with Cefixime. The smallest zone diameter was obtained with Streptomycin (14.74±0.4mm). Zone diameters with propolis samples from Ordu, Corlu and Kirklareli were 10.18±0.04 mm, 7.07±0.45 mm and 6.21±0.14mm, respectively. All of the S. aureus bacteria isolated were sensitive to the Amoxicillin. Propolis extracts were inhibitory towards S. aureus isolated from instant soups, but propolis samples obtained from different geographical regions showed varying antimicrobial effects.Bu çalışmada, marketlerden alınan hazır çorbaların mikrobiyolojik kalitesi ve hazır çorbalardan izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus’un antibiyotiğe duyarlılığı incelenmiştir. Hazır çorbaların 6 çeşidinde 72 pakette 3 tekrar olmak üzere toplam mezofil bakteri ve Staphylococcus aureus sayısı belirlenmiştir. Toplam mezofil bakteri sayısı ve S.aureus sayısı sırasıyla 3,51–4,53 log kob/g and 0,93–1,71 kob/g bulunmuştur. Domates çorbasında koliform bakteri bulunmazken, en yüksek koliform bakteri ezogelin çorbasında tespit edilmiştir (2,10 log kob/g). Escherichia coli bakterisi hiçbir örnekte belirlenmemiştir. İlave olarak, Çorlu, Kırklareli ve Ordu’dan alınmış 3 farklı propolis ektraktları ve 5 farklı antibiyotik hazır çorbadan izole edilmiş S.aureus üzerine inhibitor etkisi incelenmiştir. Üçlü çorbadan izole edilen S. aureus bakterileri kullanılarak, Cefixime ile 36.62 ± 0.17 mm, en küçük zon çapı, Streptomisin (14.74 ± 0.4mm) tespit edildiştir. Ordu, Çorlu ve Kırklareli'den alınan propolis örneklerin zon çapları sırasıyla 10.18 ± 0.04mm, 7.07 ± 0.45 mm ve 6.21 ± 0.14 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Izole edilen S.aureus bakterilerinin tamamının Amoxicillin’e karşı duyarlı olduğu, propolis örneklerinin ise toplandığı bölgelere göre farklı antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir

Detection of Novel NF1 Variants with Next-Generation DNA Sequencing Technology and Genotype-Phenotype Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis

MakaleWOS:000925992500001Objective: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, #162200) is a common neurological disorder with de novo or inherited germline mutations of the Neurofibromin (NF1, *613113). The purpose of this study is to increase the limited knowledge of NF1 in a small population-based dataset. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled patients with clinically suspected NF1 referred to the Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Medical Genetics Department, between 2015 and 2017. The local ethics committee approved this study. Next-generation sequencing was performed for the genetic analysis. The genetic, demographic, and clinical features of the participants were characterized. Results: A total of 79 cases of NF1 were included. Of these cases, 40 were male, and 39 were female. The mean age was 11.9 years, and most were younger than 18 years. The most common complaint was cafe au lait macules. The 61 (77.3%) patients had pathogenic variants, and 16 (26.2%) were novel. Mostly affected mutation sites were exonic regions (n=54, 88.5%). The most common mutated exon was exon 38 (n=7, 11.5%), and most of the detected mutations were nonsense mutations (31%). Conclusion: It is one of Turkiye's largest NF1 study groups, where all exons of the NF1 gene were analyzed. This study contributes novel variants to the literature. There was no mutational hotspot region, and no significant relationship between genotype and phenotype was observed. Further studies and large sample sizes are required to better understand the relationship between NF and genetic changes

Effects of Cornus mas L. and Morus rubra L. extracts on penicillin‑induced epileptiform activity: an electrophysiological and biochemical study

Traditionally, Morus rubra L. (Moraceae) (red mulberry) and Cornus mas L. (Cornacea) (cornelian cherry) fruits are eaten fresh and are also used in marmalades, juices, jam, natural dyes in Turkey and are believed to have beneficial effects in case of multiple health issues such as antipyretic, diarrhea and intestinal parasites. However, the effects of M. rubra and C. mas on epilepsy has not been known. This study evaluates the effects of M. rubra and C. mas extracts on penicillin‑induced epileptiform activity. Sixty Wistar rats randomly divided into ten groups (n=6): control, sham, penicillin, penicillin+M. rubra extract (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and penicillin+C. mas extract (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg). Epileptiform activity was induced by using penicillin (500 IU, i.c.) and electrocorticogram records (150 min) were obtained. Also, biochemical analysis in blood samples were evaluated. According to the electrocorticogram analysis, the effective dose was detected as 10 mg/kg for both C. mas and M. rubra. This dose decreased the spike frequencies of convulsions while amplitude wasn't changed by both substances. In erythrocyte studies, there were significant differences regarding nitric oxide in the control, sham and penicillin groups. There were significant differences regarding malondialdehyde in all groups. In the plasma, there were significant differences among groups regarding xanthine oxidase in the penicillin‑C. mas and penicillin‑M. rubra groups. There were differences regarding malondialdehyde in the penicillin‑C. mas and M. rubra‑C. mas groups. Both extracts reduced the frequency of epileptiform activity. After administration of the extracts malondialdehyde levels decreased also in both erythrocytes and plasma

Effects of Cornus mas L. and Morus rubra L. extracts on penicillin‑induced epileptiform activity: an electrophysiological and biochemical study

Traditionally, Morus rubra L. (Moraceae) (red mulberry) and Cornus mas L. (Cornacea) (cornelian cherry) fruits are eaten fresh and are also used in marmalades, juices, jam, natural dyes in Turkey and are believed to have beneficial effects in case of multiple health issues such as antipyretic, diarrhea and intestinal parasites. However, the effects of M. rubra and C. mas on epilepsy has not been known. This study evaluates the effects of M. rubra and C. mas extracts on penicillin‑induced epileptiform activity. Sixty Wistar rats randomly divided into ten groups (n=6): control, sham, penicillin, penicillin+M. rubra extract (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and penicillin+C. mas extract (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg). Epileptiform activity was induced by using penicillin (500 IU, i.c.) and electrocorticogram records (150 min) were obtained. Also, biochemical analysis in blood samples were evaluated. According to the electrocorticogram analysis, the effective dose was detected as 10 mg/kg for both C. mas and M. rubra. This dose decreased the spike frequencies of convulsions while amplitude wasn't changed by both substances. In erythrocyte studies, there were significant differences regarding nitric oxide in the control, sham and penicillin groups. There were significant differences regarding malondialdehyde in all groups. In the plasma, there were significant differences among groups regarding xanthine oxidase in the penicillin‑C. mas and penicillin‑M. rubra groups. There were differences regarding malondialdehyde in the penicillin‑C. mas and M. rubra‑C. mas groups. Both extracts reduced the frequency of epileptiform activity. After administration of the extracts malondialdehyde levels decreased also in both erythrocytes and plasma

Evaluation of Low Back Pain in Field Hockey Players

It is aimed to evaluate the conditions of low back pain in field hockey players. 196 field hockey players and 170 of similar age range university students participated voluntarily. Participants demographic characteristics, low back pain history, and risk factors were questioned, Biering Sorensen Test (BST) was administered to test the strength and endurance of the back extensors. The data were evaluated in the SPSS 20 for Windows package program. Student's T-Test, ANOVA Test, Post-Hoc Bonferroni Test and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used for statistical analysis. Analysis results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval, p<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant difference. The lifelong prevalence was 82% in the athletes group and 66% in the control group; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.524). In terms of frequency of back pain (VAS) in the last three months, there was a significant difference between the athletes and the control groups (p<0.05). The BST average duration of national athletes was 95.2±18.5 sec of super league athletes was 101.3±15.4 sec, and of control group was 110.6±16.8 sec. A statistically significant difference was found between the national athletes and the control group according to BST scores (p=0.001). Compared to national athletes, super league athletes, and control groups, it has been found that being a Field Hockey National Players pose much more risk for low back pain. It was found that low back pain was widespread amongst athletes, and it is seen at a higher rate in national field hockey players

Parental psychological distress associated with COVID-19 outbreak: A large-scale multicenter survey from Turkey

Aims: Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds. Methods: A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents (n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p <.001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p <.001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p =.012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p <.001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p =.043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p <.001) were independently associated with significant parental distress. Conclusions: Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit. © The Author(s) 2020

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake