Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Lavender Meal and Essential Oil for Dairy Cows

This research aims to evaluate the potential of lavender meal (LM) and lavender essential oil (LEO) to mitigate methane emissions by dairy cows. Locally grown lavender was collected fresh for this purpose, and its oil was extracted using the cold-press method. The resultant LEO and LM and whole lavender (WL) were added to dairy cow concentrate feed at 0%, 0.05%, and 0.10%, and their effects on vitro gas production values and gas concentrations were subsequently assessed. Out of the 30 bioactive compounds isolated from LEO, linalool and linalyl acetate were the most common-accounting for 70.4% of the total. The lavender dose had a significant influence on gas production for up to 12 h. No significant variations were found across the lavender forms when gas kinetics, in vitro degradability, and predicted energy values were compared. The addition of WL to the concentrate feed of dairy cows produced the greatest quantities of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, whereas LEO resulted in the lowest values. In contrast, no significant difference in ammonia content was found across the various lavender forms added into dairy cow concentrate feed. The results of this research suggest that adding 0.05-0.10% LM and LEO to concentrate feed may decrease greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows

Thrombotic risk assessment in antiphospholipid syndrome: do noncriteria antibodies contribute?

BACKGROUND/AIM: In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to test the predictive value of noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in addition to the global antiphospholipid syndrome score (GAPSS) in predicting vascular thrombosis (VT) in a cohort of patients with APS and aPL (+) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients with primary APS, 68 with SLE/APS, and 52 with aPL (+) SLE who were classified according to VT as VT ± pregnancy morbidity (PM), PM only or aPL (+) SLE. Antiphospholipid serology consisting of lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL) immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgM/IgA, antibeta2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG/IgM/IgA, antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) IgG/IgM and antidomain-I (aDI) IgG was determined for each patient. The GAPSS and adjusted GAPSS (aGAPSS) were calculated for each patient, as previously defined. Logistic regression analysis was carried out with thrombosis as the dependent variable and high GAPSS, aCL IgA, aβ2GPI IgA, and aDI IgG as independent variables. RESULTS: The mean GAPSS and aGAPSS of the study population were 11.6 ± 4.4 and 9.6 ± 3.8. Both the VT ± PM APS (n = 105) and PM only APS (n = 13) groups had significantly higher GAPSS and aGAPSS values compared to the aPL (+) SLE (n = 52) group. The patients with recurrent thrombosis had higher aGAPSS but not GAPSS than those with a single thrombotic event. The computed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that a GAPSS ≥13 and aGAPSS ≥10 had the best predictive values for thrombosis. Logistic regression analysis including a GAPSS ≥13, aCL IgA, aβ2GPI IgA, and aDI IgG showed that none of the factors other than a GAPSS ≥13 could predict thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Both the GAPSS and aGAPSS successfully predict the thrombotic risk in aPL (+) patients and aCL IgA, aβ2GPI IgA, and aDI IgG do not contribute to high a GAPSS or aGAPSS

The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on rat tendon healing

Objectives: We investigated the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on the healing of tendons. Methods: Forty-five adult Wistar rats weighing 300 g were randomized into three groups equal in number. All the rats underwent full-thickness surgical incision of the Achilles tendon followed by primary repair. After the operation, two groups received daily subcutaneous LMWH injections (nadroparin calcium) for four weeks at high or low doses (group 1, 6 mg/kg, 170 IU AXa; group II, 3 mg/kg, 85 IU AXa). Group III remained untreated as the control group. Histologically, the specimens were examined under light and electron microscopy with regard to the amount of fibrillar collagen synthesis, mitochondrial degeneration, and the composition of the extracellular matrix collagen. Biomechanically, maximum load to failure and correspondent elongation of the tendons were measured. Results: Compared to the control group, histologically, both LMWH-treated Groups exhibited increased number of fibroblasts, increased fibrillar collagen formation in the extracellular matrix, and higher counts of granular endoplasmic reticula in cytoplasmic contents of fibroblasts as well as decreased mitochondrial vacuolization and degeneration. Biomechanical assessments showed that tendons in group I had significantly higher maximum load to failure and elongation values than group II and III (31 N vs. 24.6 N and 23.1 N; 25 mm vs. 19.6 mm and 17.3 mm, respectively; p0.05). Conclusion: Daily administration of single dose LMWH improves tendon healing through increasing the number of fibroblasts and fibrillar collagen synthesis and decreasing mitochondrial degeneration.Publisher's Versio

Naiv hepatit C enfeksiyonlu hastaların on-altı yıllık prognozu

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical course of treatment-naive patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were followed up in various centers in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study performed with the participation of 15 centers. Patients aged 18 years and older with HCV infection were included. Results: A total of 391 treatment-naive patients infected with HCV were included in this study. During the follow-up period, the final values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and total protein were significantly decreased when compared to the initial values (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). In the study group, 19.2% of the patients underwent liver biopsy and 4.1% underwent transient elastography (FibroScan). An increased histological activity index (HAI) score and fibrosis in the second biopsy were observed in one patient, only increased HAI in two patients and increased fibrosis in one patient, as shown on the FibroScan. In the 16 years of the study period, cirrhosis was radiologically detected in only one patient. Conclusion: Even if rapid progression is not observed, close monitoring of the clinical findings related to liver failure and fibrosis with invasive or non-invasive methods may be useful.Amaç: Bu çalışmada ülkemizin çeşitli merkezlerinde takip edilen naiv hepatit C virüs (HCV) ile enfekte hastaların klinik seyrini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak 15 merkezin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü, HCV enfeksiyonu olan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada 391 tedavi-naiv HCV enfeksiyonlu hasta yer almıştır. Hastaların takip süresinde son alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase ve total protein değerleri ilk düzeyine göre önemli düzeyde azalmıştır (sırasıyla p<0,001, p<0,001, p=0,005). Çalışma grubunda hastaların %19,2’sine karaciğer biyopsisi, %4,1’ine elastografi (FibroScan) uygulanmıştır. Takip esnasında bir hastada ikinci biyopside histolojik aktivite indeksi (HAI) ve fibroziste artma, iki hastada sadece HAI’da artma, birinde FibroScan ile fibrozis değerinde artma olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bir hastada 16 yıl içinde radyolojik olarak siroz saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Hızlı progresyon gözlenmemekle birlikte hastaların izleminde karaciğer yetmezliği ile ilgili klinik bulguların ve invaziv veya noninvaziv yöntemlerle fibrozisin yakın takibi yararlı olabilir

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis

Method Development For The Determination Of Trace Amounts Of Vanadium By Differentıal Pulse Polarography

V5+ ve V4+ iyonlarının Diferansiyel Puls Polarografisi (DPP) ile tayini pH=4 HCI/ KCI (0,1M), pH=4 H&#8323;PO&#8324;/ KCI (0,1M) ve pH=6 KCI (0,1M) elektrolit ortamlarında çalışıldı. Her iki vanadyum iyonu üç ortamda da -1,0 V civarında küçük bir indirgenme pikine, - 1,65 V civarında katalitik bir pike sahip olduğu gözlendi. -1,0 V'daki indirgenme pikinin iki iyon için her ortamda aynı duyarlılığa sahip olduğu ve bu pikle 10-5 M civarında V4+ ve V5+ derişimlerinin tayin edilebileceği, daha düşük vanadyum derişimlerin tayin edilemeyeceği tespit edildi. -1,65 V'da ortaya çıkan katalitik pikin ise vanadyumun yüküne ve ortama göre büyüklüğünün değiştiği gözlendi. Her üç ortamda da akım aralıkları ayarlanarak V5+ iyonları 10-5 M civarında tayin edilebilirken V4+ iyonları daha düşük derişimlerde, 10-6 M, tayin edildi. Elektroaktif olan bazı katyonlardan Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Se4+, Cd2+ ve Ni2+'nin girişim etkileri -1,65 V'da çalışıldı. Bu iyonlar 1×10-5 M ve daha düşük derişimlerde ortamda bulunduklarında katalitik pik yüksekliğinin birkaç milimetre düşmesine neden oldular. Fakat pik yüksekliğindeki bu azalmanın vanadyum tayinine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edildi. Standart çözeltilerden hazırlanan sentetik bir numuneye geliştirilen metot uygulandı ve pH 6'da KCl elektrolit ortamında 1×10-5 M V5+ % 15, 1×10-6 M V4+ % 5 bağıl hatayla tayin edildi.Determination of V5+ and V4+ ions with Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) was studied in the three different electrolyte mediums with pH=4 in HCI/ KCI (0,1M), pH=4 in H&#8323;PO&#8324;/ KCI (0,1M) and pH=6 in KCI (0,1M). It was observed that both vanadium ions had a small reduction peak around -1.0 Volt and a catalytic peak around -1.65 V in the three electrolyte mediums.It was detected that the reduction peaks of two vanadium ions around -1.0 Volt had the same sensitivity. With this reduction peak, V4+ and V5+ concentrations of 10-5 M were determined but concentrations less than 10-5 M vanadium could not be determined. Moreover, the catalytic peak around -1.65 V was observed to vary according to the oxidation number of vanadium and the medium. In each medium by setting current range V5+ ions were determined around 10-5 M and V4+ ions were determined at lower concentrations such as 1×10-6 M. Interference effects of cations Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Se4+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ were investigated at -1.65 V. In the presence of these cations at 1×10-5 M and lower concentrations the height of catalytic peak was decreased a few millimeters. However this decrease was found not to have a significant impact on the determination of vanadium. The developed method was applied to synthetic sample prepared with standard solutions. 1×10-5 M V5+ and 1×10-6 M V4+ were detected with relative errors 15% and 5% respectively, at pH=6 in KCI (0,1M) electrolyte

İlkokul ve Ortaokul Yöneticilerinin Kişilik Özellikleri ile Karar Verme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (İzmir İli Örneği)

Araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul ve ortaokul yöneticilerinin kişilik özellikleri ile karar verme becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. İlişkisel tarama yöntemiyle ele alınan bu araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir ili Karşıyaka, Çiğli, Bayraklı, Bornova ve Konak ilçelerinde ilkokul ve ortaokullarda müdür ve müdür yardımcılığı görevini yapan toplam 200 eğitim yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, okul yöneticilerinin kişilik özellikleri yaş ve mesleki kıdeme göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermekte ancak cinsiyete, yöneticilikteki kıdeme, görev türüne ve okul kademesine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Okul yöneticilerinin karar verme becerileri yaşa, mesleki kıdeme, cinsiyete, yöneticilikteki kıdeme, görev türüne ve okul kademesine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Aynı zamanda ilkokul ve ortaokul yöneticilerinin kişilik özellikleri ile karar verme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between personality characteristics and decision-making skills of primary and secondary school administrators and whether personality traits and the ability to make decisions of school administrators based on the individual characteristics show a significant difference. the research for this purpose is a relational scan type of study that revealed the current situation. the research sample was determined by the technique of cluster sampling. the sample of this research constitutes 295 primary and secondary school principals and deputy directors in Kar?ıyaka, çiğli, Bornova and Konak districts that forming the number of approximately 10% of primary and secondary institutions in ?zmir (total 3069 institutions). in the research to determine decision-making skills of school managers "School Managers" Decision Making Skills Scale" developed by Acet (2006) and to determine the school administrators" personality traits "Five Factor Personality Scale" developed by Jhon, Donahue and Urban (1991) and adapted into Turkish by Alkan (2007) were used. According to the results, school administrators personality traits show significant differences according to age and seniority, but does not show a significant difference depending on gender, seniority in the administration, the types of tasks and school levels. Decision-making skills of school administrators does not show a significant difference depending on age, seniority, gender, seniority in the administration, the types of tasks and school levels. At the same time the relationship between the primary and secondary school administrators' decision-making skills and personality traits were found to be a positive direction and moderate. According to the literature and the findings of this research, it can be said that the age level of school administrators have to increase the adaptability of school administrators. the agreeableness dimension is a dimension of personality scale related to interpersonal social relations. Individuals who have these traits, compared to others, towards more cooperation in the work done, kind in social relationships, caring, flexible, to establish friendly relations, said that they are people who want to act together.The cause of these findings, according to increasing seniority of administrators it can be said that they appear to prefer to deal with colleagues or not to be more focused on problems associated with depersonalization tend.In contrast the reason of the finding related to management severance, it can carry the meaning that the more the school administrators spend time in management the more they have the tendency to engage in flexible and tolerant relationship with the environment. According to the literature and the findings of this study, when the relationship between personality traits (emotional instability, extroversion and agreeableness size) and decision-making skills subscales was examined, there is low level of a positive correlation between extroversion dimension and problem detection and identification size; extroversion dimension and developing solutions for problems and decision making size; extroversion dimension and decision implementation and control size. There is a moderate correlation in a positive way between responsibility of personality traits, opening size, developing solutions for problems and decision-making size; responsibility size, decision implementation and control size. Extroverted personality dimension serves more sensitive response to the problem situation. on the other hand, by ensuring the participation to the problem-solving process, people"s (educators" in general) development can be supported. in the school environments, personality and decision-making style of the administrators are related to a certain level. However, in the decision-making process many factors are effective. It may be useful to take account of all the factors in order to make an assessment on decision-making tendencies of school administrators. According to research results, developing social skills of young school administrators can contribute to be more successful in school management; realization of activities tha t make school administrators" come together with especially educational stakeholders/education actors can be useful. According to research results, it should be useful that the creation of platforms will be shared their professional experiences with educational administrators with low and high professional experience, studies such as documents, publications and so on which brought together information, skills and equipment in this direction and organization of the activities which provided to access.Introducing the study and giving place to the activities that provide access can be useful. Because of the lower perception agreeableness of the school administrators" who have 0-5 years seniority according to the others, they should make realistic conclusions from their experiences and self-assessment, struggle for personal development, vision development and leadership skills. Because education administrators are expected to be sufficient in detection and identification of problem during the selection of administrators, the candidates with extrovert personality traits and strong social relationships can be elected. Because education administrators" success is important on proposing solutions to interpersonal problems and decision making issues, relationship-oriented, extroverted individuals may be directed to the educational administration. To be more successful in school, administrators who is well trained, professional, efficient, quickly and with the ability to make decisions accurately are essential. These types of properties can be attempted to improve on administrators

Intimate Relationships and Abuse in University

Romantik ilişki istismarı, geçmişteki veya şimdiki sevgiliüzerinde güç kullanılan ve kontrol kurulan, tacize maruzbırakan ve zorlayıcı davranışları içeren bir durumdur.Romantik ilişkilerde yaşanan istismar, partner/eş istismarıolarak da anılmaktadır. İstismar ve şiddet kavramları özellikle fiziksel istismar ile fiziksel şiddet söz konusu olduğunda net olarak birbirinden ayrılamamakta, her ikisi de benzer anlamda kullanılmaktadır. Şiddet, ilişkide genelliklebiri tarafından diğerini kontrol altında tutmak için kullanılır. Romantik ilişkide şiddet duygusal, fiziksel ve cinselsaldırganlığı içermektedir. Üniversite yıllarına denk düşengeç ergenlik döneminde de romantik ilişkilerde istismarasık rastlanmaktadır. Bu derlemede üniversite öğrencileriarasında istismar yaşantısının, yakın ilişkilerdeki risklerive sonuçları, bu ilişkilerdeki şiddetin çeşitleri ve etkileri elealınarak, önleyici yolları tartışılmıştır.Abusive romantic relationship is a condition which consists of exerting power, control and harassment and coercive behaviours on the present or previous lover. Abusive behaviours experienced in romantic relationships are also called as partner/spouse abuse. The concepts of abuse and violence especially physical abuse and physical violence can not be differentiated from each other so both of them are used to express similar concepts. Violence in a relationship is generally used to keep the partner in control. Violence in romantic relationship includes emotional, physical and sexual aggression. During late adolescent period which corresponds also to university years abuse in romantic relationships is frequently encountered. In this review, abusive behaviours, among university students their risks and consequences in intimate relationships, types of violence used in these relationships and their effects were investigated and preventive measurements were discussed

Meta-analysis of the effect of psychosocial skills training on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia

Purpose The purpose of this study was to synthesize the studies examining the effects of psychosocial skills training (PSST) on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia using a meta-analysis. Design and Methods Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings PSST was found to have a moderate effect on the overall score of quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia, a moderate effect on the psychological dimension, and a low effect on the physical dimension. Practice implications It can be said that psychosocial skills training is an effective intervention that can be used to improve the quality of life of people with schizophrenia

A case of tourettes disorder with obsessive compulsive symptoms which was treated sucessfully with apiprazole

Tourette bozukluğu (TB) çoğunlukla yineleyen motor ve vokal tiklerle karakterize bir hastalıktır. Uzun yıllar tedavisinde haloperidol, trifluoperazin ve pimozid gibi etki gücü yüksek olan klasik antipsikotik ilaçlar kullanılmış, şiddetli olgularda adrenerjik agonist olan klonidin ve guanfasin tercih edilmiştir. Son dönemde ise yan etki profilinin daha iyi olması, vaka sunumları ve kontrollü çalışmalarda etkinliğinin gösterilmesiyle risperidon, ziprasidon, olanzapin gibi atipik antipsikotikler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Biz direnç gösteren obsesif semptomları ve tikleri olan bir vakada mekanizması açısından hem tipiklerden hem de atipiklerden ayrılan aripiprazol kullanımına kısa sürede cevap veren bir Tourette bozukluğu olgusunu bildirmeyi amaçladık.Tourettes disorder (TD) is a disease mostly characterized with repeated motor and vocal tics. While highly potent drugs such as trifluoperazin, pimozide, haloperidol etc. have been used for many years, adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and guanfacine have been preferred in the treatment of severe cases. Hence their high potency was proved in controlled trials and case reports and favourable side effect profiles of these agents, atypical antipsyh- chotics such as risperidon, ziprasidon and olanzapin are used commonly. We aimed to present a case of Tourette disorder with refractory obsessive symptoms and tics who was treated succesfully with aripiprazol which differs from other typical and atypical antipsychotics due to its action of mechanism