Improve the production and quality of milk malagueña goat by the identification and validation of genetic markers (QTLs)

Motivation:Malagueña goat is one of the most dairy goat breeds in the world with an average production of 500 liters of milk, per female, per year; with approximately 300,000 animals.Currently, the Malagueña goat breed improvement program, is based on the selection of the best individuals based on morphologic criteria. So that, a greater number of morphological skills exist in a specimen, better genetic evaluation is assigned.On the other hand, for years it has been studying the association of molecular genetic markers with cheese production. Specifically, they have been described in several global locations even 18 alleles of the caseins directly related to the total protein content. There are described alleles of high, medium, low and zero protein production.In this paper we perform a genetic identification by genotyping of these alleles to validate the program to improve the Malaga goat breed.Methods:The DNA is obtained by extraction from blood and/or hair for later identification of each copy of haplotype.To this end, we perform 4 levels of diagnostic PCRs that allows us to separate high production alleles from others.Comparing the allelic frequencies obtained in a selected group as producers, with a low production control group we can validate the polymorphism of α-S1-casein protein as a marker of individual milk production.Results:Assuming that the in process method will be validated, the results will be applied to design a controlled crosses program aimed to improve the cheese degree apply

An example of adaptation: experience of virtual clinical skills circuits of internal medicine students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The state of alarm declared in Spain in response to the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had far-reaching consequences in all areas of life. At the University of Granada’s (UGR) Faculty of Medicine, online teaching was implemented immediately without any preexisting plan. Second-year undergraduates in medicine, particularly those enrolled in the subject ‘Bases of Internal Medicine,’ would normally undergo clinical skills circuits in faceto- face group settings. Objective: To facilitate undergraduates’ acquisition of specific transversal skills by means of an integrated online working system. Design: Before the pandemic, teaching/learning methods consisted of 1) face-to-face group work; 2) teletutoring; 3) written work uploaded to the PRADO online platform for marking by the teletutor; and 4) presentation of written work to the group. As a result of the lockdown, presentations in class were suspended and replaced by online presentations. The means adopted by students in online presentations were freely chosen using various communication techniques: linear projection systems (6); acting/simulation (4); dramatization (1); and roleplaying (1). Results: The number of online clinical skills circuits developed was 12, one for each of the clinical skills circuits established for imparting this subject. A total of 12 presentations were made by the 10 groups, each lasting 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute discussion to settle any questions raised. The presentations were marked jointly by the teaching staff, coordinator, and students. Conclusions: The transference of classroom learning to the online environment proved an essential resource for teaching/learning clinical/practical skills during the lockdown, which have never before been imparted at distance

Implementation of a Training Program in Advanced Life Support within map competence of future students of Medicine, University of Granada

Objetivo: Analizar la primera experiencia de formación en soporte vital avanzado (SVA) en estudiantes de medicina, incluyéndola como asignatura de libre configuración siguiendo las normas de la European Resuscitation Council. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Los datos se recogieron de los alumnos que participaron en el curso de SVA, como asignatura de libre configuración, realizado en la facultad de medicina de la Universidad de Granada. Se recogieron mediante encuesta variables sociodemográficas, variables de aspectos específicos de calidad del curso, así como la consideración de los alumnos ante la posibilidad de implantación del SVA en los estudios de Grado en la facultad de medicina. (Escala de puntuación= 1 mínimo- 5 máximo). Resultados: Se encuestaron a los 25 alumnos que asistieron al curso y su evaluación fue: Evaluación global del curso= 5,0, docentes participantes=4,8+ 0,3, material empleado=4,2+ 0,5 y las instalaciones= 3,7+ 0,6. Necesidad de la implantación de la formación en soporte vital avanzado en los estudios de Grado= 84% imprescindible y el 16% recomendable. Formación de los docentes que impartan esta asignatura= 4% Formación específica en urgencias y emergencias, 4% Formación específica en soporte vital y el 92% formación específica en soporte vital y metodología de la formación. Espacios docentes específicos para la formación en soporte vital = 56% imprescindible, 40% recomendable y el 4% opcional. Escogería la asignatura=100% de alumnos respondió que SI. Posible dotación de créditos=4% 8 créditos, 80% 6 créditos y el 16% se mostró indiferente. Elección del año académico a impartir la asignatura=52% en quinto y el 48% en sexto. Necesidad de reciclaje= el 100% de los alumnos respondieron SI. Conclusiones: El grado de satisfacción con la acción formativa es muy elevado, destacando la valoraciòn a los docentes. Los alumnos consideran imprescindible que los docentes sean expertos clínicos en la atención al paciente en situación de PCR, y además dispongan de formación específica en metodología de la formación aplicada a la enseñanza del soporte vital. Además consideran que el desarrollo de un mapa competencial específico en soporte vital debe estar incorporado al curriculum formativo de cualquier estudiante del Grado de Medicina.Objective: To analyze the first training experience in advanced life support (ALS) in medical students, including it as a free elective course following the rules of the European Resuscitation Council. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Data were collected from the students who participated in the course of ALS, as free elective course, held at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada. Dates were collected: sociodemographic, specific aspects of quality of the course, as well as consideration of the students at the possibility of implementation of SVA in graduate studies in the faculty of medicine. (Rating scale = 1, minimum 5 maximum).Results: The 25 students who attended the course and its evaluation was surveyed was: Overall Course Evaluation = 5.0, participating teachers = 4.8 + 0.3, material used = 4.2 + 0.5 = 3 facilities, 7 + 0.6. Need for the implementation of training in advanced life support in the Degree = 84 % essential and 16% recommended. Training of teachers to impart this course = 4 % Specific training in emergency , 4 % Specific training in life support and 92% specific training in life support and training methodologies . Specific teaching areas for training in life support = 56 % essential, 40 % and 4% recommended optional. Choose the course = 100 % of students answered YES. Possible allocation of credits = 4% 8 credits 6 credits 80 % and 16% were indifferent. Election of the academic year to teach the subject = 52% in the fifth and sixth 48 %. Need for recycling = 100% of the students answered YES. Conclusions: The degree of satisfaction with the training is very high, highlighting the valuation teachers. The students believe that teachers must be skilled in clinical patient care at-PCR, and also have specific training in training methodology applied to the teaching of life support. Also to consider developing a specific competence map in life support should be incorporated into the training curriculum for any student of Degree of Medicine

Estudio geoarqueológico de cuevas mortuorias en Tamaulipas: análisis e interpretación de los restos materiales, bioculturales y paleoambientales

La investigación desarrollada en diferentes cavidades del estado de Tamaulipas (México), ha proporcionado numerosos restos óseos en muy buen estado de conservación, fragmentos de textiles, cestería y cordelería. Los resultados presentes de este proyecto de investigación suponen una importante aportación al conocimiento de las sociedades indígenas de la región y su entorno natural, contribuyendo a la caracterización e interpretación de sus componentes culturales. En el momento actual se está llevando a cabo el estudio de los datos obtenidos en las cuevas de la Sepultura y de las Calaveras, tanto en laboratorio (análisis físicoquímicos, sedimentológicos y cronológicos) como en gabinete (análisis cartográficos, de cerá- mica, óseos, bioclimáticos y geomorfológicos, topografía de cavidades). Entre las actividades que se han realizado destacamos: a) Localización y georreferenciación de las cavidades; b) Levantamientos espeleotopográficos; c) Prospección y recuperación de materiales arqueoló- gicos y muestreo geoarqueológico; d) Análisis bioclimático. Finalmente se constata que estas cavidades y sus yacimientos arqueológicos constituyen un sitio de gran potencial geoarqueológico clave en la investigación arqueológica futura del Estado de Tamaulipas (México).The research taken place in various caves in Tamaulipas Estate (Mexico), provide a lot of bone evidences in an excellent state of conservation, as well as fabrics, basketwork and twine-work fragments. The current results of this research project mean an important contribution to the knowledge of indigenous societies of the region and his natural environment what therefore contributes to the characterization and interpretation of their cultural components. At present it is carrying out the study of the obtained information in the Sepultura’s cave, the Calaveras’ cave, so much in laboratory (physic-chemical, sedimentologic and chronological analyses) as in geoarchaeological office (cartographic, of pottery, of bones, bioclimatic and geomorphological analyses; topography of caves). Among the activities that it is realized they stand out: a) Localization and georeference of caves; b) Geomorphological and speleo-topographic mappings; c) Prospecting and recovery of archaeological materials and geoarchaeological sampling; d) Bioclimatic analysis. Finally it is established that these caves and their archaeological sites are a place with a great archaeological potential, a key place in future archaeological research of Tamaulipas’ Estate (Mexico)

A polyphasic characterisation of Tetradesmus almeriensis sp. nov. (Chlorophyta: Scenedesmaceae)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction, Exploitation and Application of Algae Biomass[EN] The microalga Tetradesmus almeriensis, previously known as Scenedesmus almeriensis, has been isolated and cultivated as a highly productive, fast-growing strain known as a natural source of different products of commercial interest, including bioactive compounds such as lutein. This strain produces up to 40 g·m−2·day−1 of lutein under optimal conditions and is highly recommendable for outdoor production in temperate and warm climates, showing maximal performance at temperatures up to 35 °C with no photo-inhibition taking place with irradiances greater than 1000 μE·m−2·s−1. Morphological and molecular data allow its assignment to the Chlorophycean genus Tetradesmus. The new species can be distinguished from similar Tetradesmus taxa due to its unique combination of features that are seen under light microscopy. We present herein a robust and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of T. almeriensis, together with several additional Scenedesmaceae species, using a combination of maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results confirm T. almeriensis as a distinct species consistently clustering with other ScenedesmaceaeSIThis research is part of the SABANA project founded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No. 72787

A Polyphasic Characterisation of Tetradesmus almeriensis sp. nov. (Chlorophyta: Scenedesmaceae)

The microalga Tetradesmus almeriensis, previously known as Scenedesmus almeriensis, has been isolated and cultivated as a highly productive, fast-growing strain known as a natural source of different products of commercial interest, including bioactive compounds such as lutein. This strain produces up to 40 g·m−2·day−1 of lutein under optimal conditions and is highly recommendable for outdoor production in temperate and warm climates, showing maximal performance at temperatures up to 35 °C with no photo-inhibition taking place with irradiances greater than 1000 μE·m−2·s−1. Morphological and molecular data allow its assignment to the Chlorophycean genus Tetradesmus. The new species can be distinguished from similar Tetradesmus taxa due to its unique combination of features that are seen under light microscopy. We present herein a robust and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of T. almeriensis, together with several additional Scenedesmaceae species, using a combination of maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results confirm T. almeriensis as a distinct species consistently clustering with other Scenedesmaceae

Diseño de radiocomunicación de CanSat didáctico

Se presenta el cálculo del diseño de radiocomunicación punto a punto de un satélite didáctico entre los módulos zigbee; el receptor de la estación terrena que colecta los datos de telemetría (orientación en tres ejes, giroscopio, geoposicionamiento, humedad y presión barométrica) con una sensibilidad de -100 dB y una potencia isotrópica radiada efectiva de 17.6 dBmW por el transmisor contenido en el módulo de comunicaciones del satélite incrustado en una lata de aluminio (CanSat), con un peso total de 355 g, suspendido a una distancia de un kilómetro sobre el nivel del suelo. El diseño considera la distancia, ganancias de antenas, potencia del transmisor y umbral del receptor, las pérdidas por desvanecimiento, permitiendo observar el margen de desvanecimiento y del sistema.Palabra(s) Clave(s): CanSat, punto a punto, satélite, telemetría, zigbee

Phylogeographic and genome-wide investigations of Vietnam ethnic groups reveal signatures of complex historical demographic movements

The territory of present-day Vietnam was the cradle of one of the world’s earliest civilizations, and one of the first world regions to develop agriculture. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) complete control region of six ethnic groups and the mitogenomes from Vietnamese in The 1000 Genomes Project (1000G). Genome-wide data from 1000G (~55k SNPs) were also investigated to explore different demographic scenarios. All Vietnamese carry South East Asian (SEA) haplotypes, which show a moderate geographic and ethnic stratification, with the Mong constituting the most distinctive group. Two new mtDNA clades (M7b1a1f1 and F1f1) point to historical gene flow between the Vietnamese and other neighboring countries. Bayesian-based inferences indicate a time-deep and continuous population growth of Vietnamese, although with some exceptions. The dramatic population decrease experienced by the Cham 700 years ago (ya) fits well with the Nam tiến (“southern expansion”) southwards from their original heartland in the Red River Delta. Autosomal SNPs consistently point to important historical gene flow within mainland SEA, and add support to a main admixture event occurring between Chinese and a southern Asian ancestral composite (mainly represented by the Malay). This admixture event occurred ~800 ya, again coinciding with the Nam tiến.This study received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Proyecto de Investigación en Salud, Acción Estratégica en Salud: project GePEM ISCIII/PI16/01478/Cofinanciado FEDER) (AS) and project ReSVinext ISCIII/PI16/01569/Cofinanciado FEDER (FMT); Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia (RHI07/2-intensificación actividad investigadora, PS09749 and 10PXIB918184PR), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Intensificación de la actividad investigadora 2007–2012, PI16/01569), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS; PI070069/PI1000540) del plan nacional de I+D+I and “fondos FEDER” (FMT), and 2016-PG071 Consolidación e Estructuración REDES 2016GI-1344 G3VIP (Grupo Gallego de Genética Vacunas Infecciones y Pediatría, ED341D R2016/021) (AS and FMT)S

Correlation of hepatitis E and rat hepatitis E viruses urban wastewater monitoring and clinical cases

Background Wastewater pathogen monitoring is useful for surveillance of enteric pathogens. Information about the presence of Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) and emergent Rocahepevirus ratti (RHEV) in untreated water and their correlation with clinical cases is scarce. Aim To longitudinally monitor HEV and RHEV in wastewater and to evaluate their possible correlation with human cases. Methods This study was carried out in the city of Cordoba (southern Spain) from March 2021 to March 2023. HEV and RHEV occurrence were evaluated by PCR in three sample types: i) sera from patients with acute hepatitis attended at the reference hospital, ii) liver and faeces from urban rodents, and iii) grab sewage samples collected weekly from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Results We analysed 106 untreated wastewater samples, 304 individuals with acute hepatitis, and 20 rodents. HEV and RHEV were detected in only one (0.9 %) and almost all samples (94.3 %) of wastewater samples, respectively. A total of 22 cases of acute HEV infection (7.2 %) and two cases of RHEV (0.7 %) were detected from all acute hepatitis cases observed. Only RHEV was found in rodents, with a positive frequency of 55 %. The presence of HEV in wastewater coincided with the detection of one case in which the same HEV genotype was isolated. A concentration of HEV clinical cases between June and July of 2022 was observed but not detected in water. Both RHEV clinical cases were detected in summer 2022, but no correlation was found with wastewater detection. Conclusions Our study shows that there is no correlation between clinical cases and wastewater detection of HEV or RHEV