A description of an e-Commerce Lab in Finland

International online retail stores are increasingly challenging Finnish retailers. In order to strengthen the Finnish e‐retailing competence and to educate the retailers of tomorrow an e‐Commerce Lab was created. The Lab is the first of its kind in Finland and it is built around a concept that we call “reality‐based simulation before a live audience”. This paper describes the e‐Commerce Lab, shows the simulated business processes and provides lessons learned on what is gained by setting up an e‐ Commerce Lab together with different stakeholders of e‐Commerce in Finland. We also propose some initial thoughts on how to further develop the Lab

The Data Driven Decision RACE in eRetailing

This study takes a customer centric approach to investigate small eRetailers’ data driven decisions. The research is based on an edited version of Chaffey and Smith´s (2013) RACE framework and an edited version of the business analytics framework by Delen and Demirkan (2012a), divided in knowledge and data driven decision-making. By combining these two frameworks we create the Data Driven Decision RACE model. The empirical research is a survey among small Finnish eRetailers. The findings indicate that a majority of the studied eRetailers do analyze data and understand customer online behavior especially in the Reach and Engage stages of the Data Driven Decision RACE model. However, the study also indicates that the data driven decision-making is fairly low within all three stages of the model, which implies that small eRetailers primarily rely on experience and gut instinct rather than on customer data when they make decisions concerning their online activities

Olle Hjortzberg : The overseen artist professor

The present paper presents results from research of the Swedish Olle Hjortzberg’s career as visual artist. The objectives have been to explore the circumstances around why Hjortzberg got established and received prestige assignments already in his early years in fierce competition with other established artists. Hjortzberg managed to move himself into a central position in the Swedish arts life after the turn of the century 1900. While being successful in his artistry, Hjortzberg was however to a large extent ignored by critics and his name is just very briefly mentioned. if at all, in summaries of the later Swedish visual arts history. This study makes use of some theories used withing the art history field to try to explain why such a successful career leave just weak traces in works describing the Swedish arts live in the late 19th and early 20th century.The study makes use of an extensive collection of written sources and collection of visual expressions received at field studies. The theory frameworks applied on Hjortzberg’s life and career are discourse analysis, qualitative social networks, social rooms and habitus, cultural capital and art regimes. Theories used for the visual studies are based on reception esthetics, performativity and iconology.Initially, the study describes Hjortzberg’s upbringing, training and education, then grand tour travels followed by studies of his earliest commissions and arts production with the intention to use this as basis for mapping out the artist’s contact network and how Hjortzberg explores this in his personal interest and strive for a power position at the Swedish arts arena. This part of the study contributes also to the analysis of why the artistry came to be diminished or ignored in its time and in retrospect.The second part to follow describes commissions and the actual art of those created by Hjortzberg. The selection is chosen for testing the initial questions mentioned above. With highlighting among those commissions are the decorations in the memorial chapel raised for the Swedish king and war-lord Gustav II Adolf in Lützen, Germany. These art expressions by Hjortzberg have never before been studied from an arts history perspective. The study proposes in its conclusions that Hjortzberg close to unprecedented made use of his contact network and his social skills to move himself into a central position in the Swedish arts life and stay there for decades. In contrast has his oeuvre left very few traces of influences among followers and hardly at all among critics and those describing the Swedish art history. The study presents the thesis that Hjortzberg’s artistic preferences came out of sync with the contemporary streams of modernism. As epilog, the study provide an interpretation proposal of Hjortzberg’s artistic preferences. While not being discussed in previous research, this study wants to say that Hjortzberg came to find his role as mastering the perfection within the constraints given by the physical boundaries of architecture and in book illuminations. On a foundation of old traditions, the artist made this the arena of his very own artistic expressions

En nykter syn på rasbiologin : Hur den svenska nykterhetsrörelsen under tidigt 1900-tal använde rasbiologin för att propagera för sin sak

Nykterhetsrörelsen nyttjade rasbiologin i sin argumentation under 1900-talets första årtionden. Det fanns kopplingar mellan nykterhetsrörelsen, politiken och vetenskapen. Rasbiologin var allmänt accepterad som vetenskap. Flera av rön pekade på faror med att nyttja alkohol. I ett omfattande antal föreläsningar förmedlade nykterhetsrörelsen att alkoholen kunde orsaka degeneration genom skador på arvsanlag. Rörelsen fortsatte verka för rasbiologin på den politiska arenan. Nykterhetsrörelsen och dess företrädare i Sveriges riksdag spelade en aktiv och drivande roll för de beslut som etablerade ett statligt svensk rasbiologiskt institut 1922.The Swedish temperance movement used race biology in arguing for it sake during the first decades of the 20th century. There were connections between the temperance movement, science and politics. Race biology was generally acccepted as science at the time. Representatives from the temperance movement claimed in public lectures that alcohol intake by parents could cause irreparable damages to their offspring and ultimately degeneration to "the race". The movement was well represented in the Swedish parliament. Their representatives were instrumental in the decisions leading to the establishment of the Swedish State Institute for Racial Biology in 1922

Olle Hjortzberg : The overseen artist professor

The present paper presents results from research of the Swedish Olle Hjortzberg’s career as visual artist. The objectives have been to explore the circumstances around why Hjortzberg got established and received prestige assignments already in his early years in fierce competition with other established artists. Hjortzberg managed to move himself into a central position in the Swedish arts life after the turn of the century 1900. While being successful in his artistry, Hjortzberg was however to a large extent ignored by critics and his name is just very briefly mentioned. if at all, in summaries of the later Swedish visual arts history. This study makes use of some theories used withing the art history field to try to explain why such a successful career leave just weak traces in works describing the Swedish arts live in the late 19th and early 20th century.The study makes use of an extensive collection of written sources and collection of visual expressions received at field studies. The theory frameworks applied on Hjortzberg’s life and career are discourse analysis, qualitative social networks, social rooms and habitus, cultural capital and art regimes. Theories used for the visual studies are based on reception esthetics, performativity and iconology.Initially, the study describes Hjortzberg’s upbringing, training and education, then grand tour travels followed by studies of his earliest commissions and arts production with the intention to use this as basis for mapping out the artist’s contact network and how Hjortzberg explores this in his personal interest and strive for a power position at the Swedish arts arena. This part of the study contributes also to the analysis of why the artistry came to be diminished or ignored in its time and in retrospect.The second part to follow describes commissions and the actual art of those created by Hjortzberg. The selection is chosen for testing the initial questions mentioned above. With highlighting among those commissions are the decorations in the memorial chapel raised for the Swedish king and war-lord Gustav II Adolf in Lützen, Germany. These art expressions by Hjortzberg have never before been studied from an arts history perspective. The study proposes in its conclusions that Hjortzberg close to unprecedented made use of his contact network and his social skills to move himself into a central position in the Swedish arts life and stay there for decades. In contrast has his oeuvre left very few traces of influences among followers and hardly at all among critics and those describing the Swedish art history. The study presents the thesis that Hjortzberg’s artistic preferences came out of sync with the contemporary streams of modernism. As epilog, the study provide an interpretation proposal of Hjortzberg’s artistic preferences. While not being discussed in previous research, this study wants to say that Hjortzberg came to find his role as mastering the perfection within the constraints given by the physical boundaries of architecture and in book illuminations. On a foundation of old traditions, the artist made this the arena of his very own artistic expressions

Reitinlöytöalgoritmit

Tämän opinnäytetyön tehtävänä on tuoda lukijalle esille ymmärrys, miten kaksi eri reitinlöytöalgoritmia toimii ja mitä ne tarvitsevat toimiakseen. Reitinlöytöalgoritmit tarvitsevat dataa maailmasta lyötääkseen reitin. Tähän tarpeeseen on kaksi suosittua tapaa tuoda kaikki tarpeellinen data reitinlöytöalgoritmille, grid ja NavMesh. Grid on käsitteenä hyvin yksinkertainen eikä ole mitenkään liitetty vain reitinlöytöalgoritmeihin. Ohjelmointityylejä gridin luomiseen on lukemattomia eikä tästä syystä ole mitenkään olennaista koodillisesti selittää, miten grid toimii. NavMesh on taas reitinlöytöön hieman spesiaalisoituneempi menetelmä saada tietoa maailmasta ja on ehdottomasti nykypäivän tärkein menetelmä gridin korvaajaksi. Ongelmana siinä on kuitenkin, että se on monimutkainen ja ohjelmistokoodin määrä on aivan valtava. Reitinlöytöalgoritmeistä opinnäytetyössä käydään läpi BreathFirst ja A-star, nämä eivät ole ainoat reitinlöytöön käytössä olevat algoritmit vaan on näitäkin lukemattomia eri menetelmiä. Iso osa reitinlöytö algoritmeistä on variaatioita A-star algoritmistä ja kun ymmärtää miten A-star toimii, ei näiden muiden variaatioiden ymmärtäminen vaadi paljoa. BreathFirst on yksinkertaisin esimerkki, miten selvittää reittiä pisteestä a pisteeseen b. Vaikka BreathFirst ei ole järkevä valinta melkein mihinkään reitinlöytöön liittyvään käyttötarkoitukseen, on se hyvä työkalu ymmärtämään perusperiaatetta reitinlöydön takana. Tärkein asia kuintenkin reitinlöydössä ja algoritmeissä on ainoastaan ymmärtää niiden toiminta. Melkein koskaan ei tule vastaan tapausta, jossa kannattaisi itse alkaa kehittämään omaa A-star-variaatiota omaan peliin, ohjelmaan tai robotiikkaan. Kun kehittää reitinlöytöä on suositeltavaa käyttää enemmän aikaa gridin tai NavMeshin suunnitteluun, sillä suurin osa kehitysajasta tulee menemään datan tuonnin optimointiin gridiltä tai NavMeshiltä. Kannattaa mieluummin käyttää valmiiksi tehtyjä toimivia plugineja tai Github-projekteja, koska oletuksena on että jos joutuu kehittämään omaa reitinlöytöä varmaan joutuu kehittämään kaikki muut työkalut esimerkiksi pelinkehitykseen ja silti lopputulos tulee todennäköisesti olemaan joko huonompi tai vastaava kun valmiiksi tarjolla olevat työkalut. Haluaako säästää 30-200€ tekemällä 20-2000 tuntia työtä

En nykter syn på rasbiologin : Hur den svenska nykterhetsrörelsen under tidigt 1900-tal använde rasbiologin för att propagera för sin sak

Nykterhetsrörelsen nyttjade rasbiologin i sin argumentation under 1900-talets första årtionden. Det fanns kopplingar mellan nykterhetsrörelsen, politiken och vetenskapen. Rasbiologin var allmänt accepterad som vetenskap. Flera av rön pekade på faror med att nyttja alkohol. I ett omfattande antal föreläsningar förmedlade nykterhetsrörelsen att alkoholen kunde orsaka degeneration genom skador på arvsanlag. Rörelsen fortsatte verka för rasbiologin på den politiska arenan. Nykterhetsrörelsen och dess företrädare i Sveriges riksdag spelade en aktiv och drivande roll för de beslut som etablerade ett statligt svensk rasbiologiskt institut 1922.The Swedish temperance movement used race biology in arguing for it sake during the first decades of the 20th century. There were connections between the temperance movement, science and politics. Race biology was generally acccepted as science at the time. Representatives from the temperance movement claimed in public lectures that alcohol intake by parents could cause irreparable damages to their offspring and ultimately degeneration to "the race". The movement was well represented in the Swedish parliament. Their representatives were instrumental in the decisions leading to the establishment of the Swedish State Institute for Racial Biology in 1922

Risk och osäkerhetsfaktorer i årsredovisningen

Titel: Risk och osäkerhetsfaktorer i årsredovisningen   Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Ann Forsström och Mikael Örtenvik   Handledare: Fredrik Hartwig   Datum: 2012 – April   Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka den frivilliga rapporteringen av risk och osäkerhetsfaktorer i årsredovisningar.   Metod: Vi har använt en abduktiv ansats och genomfört en kvalitativ såväl som kvantitativ innehållsanalys av utvalda bolags årsredovisningar. Vi prövar 5 olika hypotester genom multipel regessionsanalys. Vår insamlade data redovisas både i tabell- och textform.   Resultat & slutsats: Undersökningen visar att det finns en signifikans i hypotes 5: det finns ett samband mellan ett bolags skuldsättningsgrad och antalet redovisade risker och osäkerheter.  Övriga hypoteser har ingen signifikans och förkastas därmed. Vid genomgången av undersökningsbolagens årsredovisningar finner vi dock att det finns betydande skillnader i redovisningen av risker och osäkerheter mellan de undersökta bolagen.    Förslag till fortsattforskning: Det skulle vara intressant med en jämförelse av bolag som verkar inom samma typ av försäljning t ex. tjänstesektorn inom IT och där göra en djupare analys av vilka typer av risker bolagen utsätts för och hur de hanterar dem, en kvalitativ undersökning med intervjuer.   Uppsatsens bidrag:  Uppsatsen kan, av intressenter i branschen industri, ses som en upplysning om hur väl bolagen tillämpar reglerna kring risk- och osäkerhetsfaktorer.   Nyckelord: Risk, osäkerhetsfaktorer, ÅRL, IAS, årsredovisning.Title: Risk and uncertainties in annual report   Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Author: Ann Forsström and Mikael Örtenvik   Supervisor: Fredrik Hartwig   Date: 2012– April   Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the voluntary reporting of risks and uncertainties in the financial statements.   Method: We used an abductive approach and perform a qualitative as well as quantitative content analysis of selected company´s annual reports. We test five different hypothesis by multiple regression analysis. Our collected data is presented both in tabular and textual form.   Result & Conclusions: The survey shows that there is an significance in hypothesis 5: there is a correlation between a company's gearing and the number of reported risks and uncertainties. Other hypotheses have no significance and hence rejected. In evaluating the companies' annual survey, we find that there are significant differences in the reporting of risks and uncertainties among the surveyed companies.   Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to compare the companies working in the same type of sale for example. services in IT and where to do a deeper analysis of the types of risks companies are exposed to and how they handle them, a qualitative study with interviews.   Contribution of the thesis: The essay may, by stakeholders in the business industry, seen as an enlightenment on how well companies are applying the rules on risk and uncertainties.   Key words: Risk, uncertainties, ÅRL, IAS, annual report

Challenges of Securing the Industrial Internet of Things Value Chain

We see a shift from todays Internet-of-Things (IoT)to include more industrial equipment and metrology systems,forming the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, thisleads to many concerns related to confidentiality, integrity,availability, privacy and non-repudiation. Hence, there is a needto secure the IIoT in order to cater for a future with smart grids,smart metering, smart factories, smart cities, and smart manufacturing.It is therefore important to research IIoT technologiesand to create order in this chaos, especially when it comes tosecuring communication, resilient wireless networks, protectingindustrial data, and safely storing industrial intellectual propertyin cloud systems. This research therefore presents the challenges,needs, and requirements of industrial applications when it comesto securing IIoT systems.SMART (Smarta system och tjänster för ett effektivt och innovativt samhälle

Specialanpassade kurser för yrkesverksamma ingenjörer : Erfarenheter och upplevelser

I dagens samhälle blir det allt viktigare att fortbilda sig under hela sitt yrkesverksamma liv. För att möta efterfrågan på det livslånga lärandet har Mittuniversitetet utvecklat och genomfört ett antal kurser som riktar sig mot yrkesverksamma ingenjörer. Detta arbete presenterar våra erfarenheter av att ge dessa kurser, med en tyngdpunkt på studenternas upplevelser. Syftet med detta är att bygga upp en vetenskaplig bas för vad vi gör som är bra, men även vad som kan förbättras och förändras. Målsättningen är att göra dessa specialanpassade kurser riktade mot yrkesverksamma ingenjörer så givande och flexibla som möjligt. Våra initiala resultat visar bland annat att studenternas negativa upplevelser ofta var kopplade till antagningsförfarandet och det praktiska genomförandet av kurserna. Man hade svårigheter med att hitta hur man skulle registrera sig på kursen och att tidsramen för registrering kunde vara ett problem. Läroplattformen uppfattades som svår att överblicka och det förekom även viss otydlighet gällande var undervisningen skulle äga rum. Den positiva responsen i utvärderingarna gällde främst det faktiska kursinnehållet, då man ansåg att uppgifter och kursmaterial var givande. Vidare uppskattades kursupplägget, att man kunde kombinera studierna med arbete. Framledes kommer vi att fortsätta med dessa utvärderingar i takt med att kurserna ges, och därefter anpassa vårt mottagande och kommunikationen med studenterna. Även kursupplägget ses över kontinuerligt via den återkoppling vi mottar.