698 research outputs found
Macroscopic thermal entanglement due to radiation pressure
Can entanglement and the quantum behavior in physical systems survive at
arbitrary high temperatures? In this Letter we show that this is the case for a
electromagnetic field mode in an optical cavity with a movable mirror in a
thermal state. We also identify two different dynamical regimes of generation
of entanglement separated by a critical coupling strength.Comment: Accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Inovação em betões: nova normalização e produção de betões especiais
Universidade do Minho (UM).Parque de Exposições de Braga (PEB)
Technological evolution of concrete : from ancient times to ultra high performance concrete
Since the fall of the Roman Empire, concrete only suffered significant advances with the discovery of portland cement. The technological knowledge that the Romans held was empirical, based on the principle of trial and error, and allowed the discovery of new materials which properties could be reproduced but not explained. The ability to go beyond empiricism was only acquired by the scientific development that occurred mainly from the twentieth century onwards. In fact, no other binder materials were used other than those used by the Romans by the beginning of the nineteenth century. Only in the late eighteenth century was there a concrete renaissance. Nowadays, we can produce high-performance concrete with relative ease, maintaining the versatility of conventional concrete with the durability and strength of natural stone. However, it can be easily shaped, armed, hard-working pre and post tensioned with cables and mixed with different kind of fibers. In this paper, an overview of the use of concrete from ancient times to the most sophisticated ultra-high performance concrete in use is presented
Microscopic linear response theory of spin relaxation and relativistic transport phenomena in graphene
We present a unified theoretical framework for the study of spin dynamics and relativistic transport phenomena in disordered two-dimensional Dirac systems with pseudospin-spin coupling. The formalism is applied to the paradigmatic case of graphene with uniform Bychkov-Rashba interaction and shown to capture spin relaxation processes and associated charge-to-spin interconversion phenomena in response to generic external perturbations, including spin density fluctuations and electric fields. A controlled diagrammatic evaluation of the generalized spin susceptibility in the diffusive regime of weak spin-orbit interaction allows us to show that the spin and momentum lifetimes satisfy the standard Dyakonov-Perel relation for both weak (Gaussian) and resonant (unitary) nonmagnetic disorder. Finally, we demonstrate that the spin relaxation rate can be derived in the zero-frequency limit by exploiting the SU(2) covariant conservation laws for the spin observables. Our results set the stage for a fully quantum-mechanical description of spin relaxation in both pristine graphene samples with weak spin-orbit fields and in graphene heterostructures with enhanced spin-orbital effects currently attracting much attention
Factores climáticos no consumo de energia eléctrica: um caso com utilização de data mining.
4ÂŞ ConferĂŞncia IbĂ©rica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, 17 a 20 de Junho de 2009, PĂłvoa de Varzim.Este trabalho tem por objectivo identificar causas responsáveis por variações no consumo horário de energia com base na identificação de padrões e relações entre os dados de consumo e várias variáveis climatĂ©ricas. Para tal utilizam-se tĂ©cnicas de data mining, nomeadamente a metodologia CRISP-DM e software de data warehouse MS SQL Server. Assim, foi possĂvel verificar que as variáveis climatolĂłgicas tĂŞm influĂŞncia muito significativa na produção de energia elĂ©ctrica, tendo sido possĂvel prever os consumos de 2007 com um erro absoluto mĂ©dio de 1,4 MW. Identificam-se ainda vários padrões no comportamento do consumo ou produção de energia elĂ©ctrica, nem todos espectáveis face ao conhecimento actual de domĂnio
Spintronics in 2D graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures
Spintronics has become a broad and important research field that intersects
with magnetism, nano-electronics, and materials science. Its overarching aim is
to provide a fundamental understanding of spin-dependent phenomena in
solid-state systems that can enable a new generation of spin-based logic
devices. Over the past decade, graphene and related 2D van der Waals crystals
have taken center stage in expanding the scope and potential of spintronic
materials. Their distinctive electronic properties and atomically thin nature
have opened new opportunities to probe and manipulate internal electronic
degrees of freedom. Purely electrical control over conduction-electron spins
can be attained in graphene-transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures,
due to proximity effects combined with graphene's high electronic mobility.
Specifically, graphene experiences a proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling that
enables efficient spin-charge interconversion processes; the two most
well-known and at the forefront of current research are the spin Hall and
inverse spin galvanic effects, wherein an electrical current yields a spin
current and non-equilibrium spin polarization, respectively. This article
provides an overview of the basic principles, theory, and experimental methods
underpinning the nascent field of 2D material-based spintronics.Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the Encyclopedia of Condensed
Matter Physics Second Editio
Emergencies in a Territory of Mobility
UID/SOC/04647/2013The Mediterranean Sea is a historical stage of mobilities and has been a witness to important movements of people and goods since ancient times. In this liquid territory, different social processes of globalization can be observed; yet, in recent years, it has been predominantly depicted as an emergency scene, a crossing platform for those in search of refuge in Europe. This scenario becomes connected to a set of dimensions of securitization and quests for control that redirect the debates about national and European responsibilities regarding maritime territories. In this article, this issue is addressed exploring the construction and development of the social problem of refugees in the Mediterranean, departing from a frame analysis of news items thematically filtered from the digital platforms of two Italian newspapers in 2013-2015. The problem is contextualized in time and content progression, deepening the framing of some critical events, and reframing the Mediterranean as a referent/emergent territory of mobility.publishersversionpublishe
Theory of spin–charge-coupled transport in proximitized graphene: an SO(5) algebraic approach
Establishing the conditions under which orbital, spin and lattice-pseudospin degrees of freedom are mutually coupled in realistic nonequilibrium conditions is a major goal in the emergent field of graphene spintronics. Here, we use linear-response theory to obtain a unified microscopic description of spin dynamics and coupled spin–charge transport in graphene with an interface-induced Bychkov–Rashba effect. Our method makes use of an SO(5) extension of the familiar inverse-diffuson approach to obtain a quantum kinetic equation for the single-particle density matrix that treats spin and pseudospin on equal footing and is valid for arbitrary external perturbations. As an application of the formalism, we derive a complete set of drift–diffusion equations for proximitized graphene with scalar impurities in the presence of electric and spin-injection fields which vary slowly in space and time. Our approach is amenable to a wide variety of generalizations, including the study of coupled spin–charge dynamics in layered materials with strong spin–valley coupling and spin–orbit torques in van der Waals heterostructures
A new multi-criteria approach for sustainable material selection problem
Sustainable material selection is a crucial problem given the new demands of society and novel production strategies that consider the concepts of sustainability. Multi-criteria decision-making methods have been extensively used to help decision-makers select alternatives in different fields of knowledge. Nonetheless, these methods have been criticized due to the rank reversal problem, where the independence of the irrelevant alternative principle is violated after the initial decision problem is changed. Over the course of this study, we observed that the solutions that are proposed for this problem, in the context of sustainable material selection, are insufficient. Thus, we present a new material selection approach that is based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, which is immune to rank reversal. We also demonstrate the causes of rank reversal in the TOPSIS method, how the R-TOPSIS method was designed to solve them, and how it can be applied to sustainable material selection
Suporte à Decisão em Tecnologias de Comunicação : um caso com utilização de metodologias OLAP e Data Mining
Este artigo descreve um Sistema de Apoio Ă DecisĂŁo capaz de fornecer informação precisa e de qualidade sobre as comunicações na Electricidade Dos Açores (EDA). A decisĂŁo imediata a apoiar consistia em saber se as comunicações entre ilhas deveriam passar para tecnologias Voice over IP (VoIP), um serviço actualmente contratado a uma empresa de comunicações externa. Num projecto de business intelligence e usando tecnologias Microsoft SQL Server, o sistema lĂŞ e prĂ©-processa ficheiros CSV de grande dimensĂŁo, recebidas da empresa de comunicações, combina esses dados com bases de dados existentes e apresenta os resultados sobre a forma de cubos multidimensionais. Posteriormente, este trabalho foi integrado num projecto de data minig, usando a metodologia CRISP-DM, tendo sido possĂvel alĂ©m de apoiar a decisĂŁo pretendida identificar situações ineficientes e mesmo de utilização fraudulenta de equipamentos de comunicação. Vários modelos foram construĂdos e disponibilizados a diferentes decisores para apoiar decisões estratĂ©gicas e de controlo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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