Desenvolvimento de competências na educação pré-escolar: um estudo com educadores de infância

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Desenvolvimento Curricular e Inovação Educativa)A caminhada pelo ensino pré-escolar é considerada uma das etapas essenciais na vida das crianças e por isso Jardins de Infância devem ser locais seguros e acolhedores, facilitando o desenvolvimento integral das crianças. Nestes locais, existe uma exposição a diferentes perigos e acidentes, devido à idade e desenvolvimento das crianças e por isso é emergente que o currículo da educação pré-escolar preveja na formação inicial dos educadores de infância a temática de primeiros socorros. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos um estudo de investigação integrado no curso de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação, especialidade em Desenvolvimento Curricular e Inovação Educativa da Universidade do Minho, intitulado Desenvolvimento de Competências na Educação Pré-Escolar: Um estudo com educadores de infância, com nove educadores de infância de um Jardim-de-Infância de Angola. O desenvolvimento de competências relacionadas com a área de primeiros socorros, assumiu uma problemática central que se tornou com um objetivo específico desta investigação, na tentativa de perceber a importância desta temática na formação inicial do curso de educadores e as mudanças nas políticas curriculares sobre a formação contínua como obrigatória. Para atingir os objetivos, adotando a classe de investigação-ação, recorremos ao uso de entrevistas estruturadas, entrevista diagnóstica e entrevista de avaliação junto de nove educadores de infância a lecionar num centro infantil específico. Os dados obtidos foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo o que nos levaram a preparar um plano de formação que dotasse os educadores de infância de competências em primeiros socorros. Os resultados iniciais apontaram para uma necessidade formativa na área dos primeiros socorros devido ao uso de práticas descontinuadas e resultantes do senso comum. Após a formação os educadores de infância obtiveram melhores resultados o que nos permite concluir que a mesma teve êxito e que há uma necessidade de formação contínua neste contexto educativo.Preschool education is one of the essential stages in the lives of children, and therefore Kindergartens (K) should be safe and welcoming places, facilitating the integral development of children. Health is a theme widely addressed in the curriculum and schools are a prime vehicle for acts of awareness for physical and psychological well-being. In Angola, children's educators (CE) are required to be health and welfare promoters and to be able to act in all situations, since they are responsible for children for long periods (8 am to 12 a.m.). Thus, CE should be prepared for immediate action in accident cases that is training in First Aid (PS) because the hospital response may take too long. In this context the research problem arises: are the CE prepared to act in unexpected situations or even an accident? Should the initial training curriculum include skills in this area? Should educational and curricular policies make compulsory education compulsory? This qualitative study was developed at a Children's Center (CC), which is home to around 250 children, located in the southern part of Luanda, Angola. It had general objectives: to know the competences of the CE, in the area of the FA; train CE to act in unforeseen situations; suggest changes to the educational and curricular policies. In order to know the competences of the CE, a structured interview was carried out, which assumed the function of diagnostic test, together with nine (9) CE who exercised their professional activity in the CC. The results allowed the design and implementation of a short-term training that responded to the needs of the target audience. By the end of the training, an interview was applied equal to the first one, to understand the knowledge that was acquired in the training and the consequent development of the competences of the CE group. The main results show that the EI were not prepared to act correctly taking into account measures for their safety or the safety of the victim himself. The training significantly improved the competencies of the CE in the event of accidents. The training should have had more hours and more questions of practical action, because there are difficulties that come from the basis of training, both in FA and in simple pedagogical practices. For the participants, the initial training curriculum should include the competences in this area and the educational and curricular policies should make compulsory education compulsory, as there is no quality education, no educational reform, no pedagogical innovation, without adequate teacher training

Serviço Social e Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS):: reflexões sobre o trabalho profissional

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a inserção do assistente social no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas). O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a particularidade do Serviço Social na divisão social e técnica do trabalho na sociedade capitalista, e sobre a Política de Assistência Social. A centralidade da Política de Assistência Social impacta diretamente o cotidiano profissional, tensionando as dimensões das competências do assistente social que postula um profissional crítico-propositivo, e as demandas institucionais que vêm exigindo um profissional com um perfil mais tecnicista, cuja tendência é de fortalecimento das bases conservadoras da profissão

A utilização das mídias alternativas e suas contribuições na esfera pública / The use of alternative media and their contributions in the public sphere

Este artigo trata da categoria de mídia alternativa a partir de uma perspectiva teórica, onde é discutido, a partir das perspectivas do autor Christian Fuchs, uma definição e distinção desses meios alternativos. O artigo é uma contribuição para fundamentos teóricos de estudos de mídia alternativa e questiona a dominação hegemonica, que estabelece dominios, hierárquicos de política, economia, e cultura, assim como os meios de comunicação de massa, como TV, Radio e Jornal. Assim as midias alternativas expressa o ponto de vista dos oprimidos, grupos e indivíduos dominados e defende o avanço de uma sociedade cooperativa. A forma de produto da mídia alternativa visa o avanço da imaginação; é dialético porque envolve dinâmica, não-identidade, rupturas e o inesperado. A categoria de mídia alternativa está conectada a noção de Habermas sobre a esfera pública. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) 

Business game at management course in brazilian college

O uso da simulação de negócios empregando recursos computacionais é uma prática pedagógica cada vez mais comum em cursos de graduação em administração no Brasil. Isso, aliada à especificidade do método, atraiu um número significativo de estudos. Entretanto, ainda não conduziu a resultados categóricos sobre a simulação, o que desencadeou esta investigação, que teve o objetivo de testar o papel de variáveis relevantes a essa percepção, sob a ótica da Teoria do Aprendizado Experiencial e com base em evidências empíricas precedentes. Para tanto, foi examinada a significância estatística de correlações de dados obtidos de questionários e testes aplicados a 139 participantes de cinco aplicações de simulação na disciplina Empresa Simulada. Foram encontradas correlações entre o temperamento dos alunos e elementos da disciplina Empresa Simulada, com significância estatística, o que permitiu admitir uma leve tendência daqueles com o perfil mais “julgador” ter melhor desempenho na Empresa Simulada, serem mais críticos quanto ao funcionamento do grupo e ficarem mais satisfeitos com o resultado do trabalho. Isso implicaria aceitar que parte da reação dos alunos à simulação está pré-condicionada por algumas características internas do indivíduo e isso merece a atenção dos responsáveis pela disciplina.The use of Business Game employing computational resources is an increasingly common practice in teaching undergraduate courses in management in Brazil. This, coupled with the specificity of the method has attracted a significant number of studies. However, research of the simulation not yet led to categorical outcomes, what triggered this investigation. We aimed to test the role of variables to this perception, from the perspective of Experiential Learning Theory and based on previous empirical evidence. To this end, we examined the statistical significance of correlations of data obtained from questionnaires and tests applied to 139 participants from five applications of a Business Game. Correlations with statistical significance were found between the temperament of the students and their perception of certain elements of the Business Game, allowing admit a slight tendency of the profile more "judgmental" perform better in the Business Game, are more critical of functioning of the group and be more satisfied with the result of the work. This would mean accepting that part of the students' reaction to the simulation is preconditioned by some internal characteristics of the individual and it deserves the attention of those responsible for disciplin

Activation timing of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles during sit-to-stand and stand to sit in post-stroke vs healthy subjects

O documento em anexo encontra-se na versão post-print (versão corrigida pelo editor).Sit-to-stand (SitTS) and stand-to-sit (StandTS) are very important functional tasks that become compromised in stroke patients. As in other voluntary movements, they require an adequate postural control (PC) involving the generation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). In order to give clues for more efficient and directed rehabilitation programs, a deeper knowledge about APAs during challenging and daily life movements is essential. To analyze the activation timing of tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles during SitTS and StandTS in healthy subjects and in post-stroke patients. Methods: Two groups participated in this study: one composed by ten healthy subjects and the other by ten subjects with history of stroke and increased H-reflex. Electromyographic activity (EMGa) of SOL and TA was analyzed during SitTS and StandTS in the ipsilateral (IPSI) and the contralateral (CONTRA) limb to the side lesion in stroke subjects, and in one limb in the healthy subjects. A force plate was used to identify the movement onset. In both sequences, in the stroke group SOL activation timing occurred prior to movement onset, contrary to the pattern observed in the healthy subjects. Statistical significant differences were found in SOL activation timings between each lower limbs of the stroke and healthy groups, but no significant differences were found between the IPSI and the CONTRA limb. The TA activation timing seems to be delayed in the CONTRA limb when compared to the healthy subjects and showed also a better organization of TA timing activation in StandTS when compared to SitTS. Compared to healthy subjects, APAs seems to be altered in both limbs of the post-stroke subjects, with the SOL activation timing being anticipated in both SitTS and StandTS

Does reality overcome the expected? Survey on informal caregivers’ profile: a nurse-led study in times of COVID-19

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The increasing overload of chronic conditions raises challenges for the health system. Informal caregivers have a major role in ensuring the quality of life of the cared-for person, despite the reported lack of working resources which can lead to unmet needs. This article reports on the first part of a nurse-led research project entitled ''Informal caregiver' profiles in Lisbon county: a health community approach.' We aimed to support decision-making by developing an informal caregiver profile to promote tailored interventions. A survey addressing the dyad was developed and submitted to a convenient, network-based, stratified sample of carers aged 18 years or above. More than thirty community partners supported the identification of caregivers. Data were submitted to univariate descriptive analysis. A profile of the cared-for person and the informal caregiver was uncovered by identifying 639 caregivers, of whom the majority lived with the cared-for person. Only four percent planned the transition to a caregiver role, and no more than 10% had access to support programs. Approximately half of the respondents found that COVID-19 negatively impacted their performance in the caregiver role. Developing a local and tailored strategy with collaboration between healthcare professionals, academics, and community partners is key to ensuring that meaningful support is provided to caregivers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Informal caregivers’ health literacy in Lisbon, Portugal: a profile for health promotion prioritization

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Health literacy (HL) allows people to access, understand and evaluate health information. Informal caregivers' levels of HL may impact long-term care outcomes. 'Informal caregivers' profile in Lisbon county: a health community approach' is a nurse-led research project aiming to assess informal caregivers' health literacy and associated factors in Lisbon county, as well as to foster the development of a local-specific health literacy strategy. A survey to identify a health/social caregiver profile, including questions about HL (HLS-EU-PT), was submitted to a representative sample of carers. Descriptive and bivariate inferential analysis was developed. Informal caregivers' level of HL was mostly sufficient (n = 99, 38%). More than 60% of caregivers have limited HL regarding health promotion. 'Access', 'Appraisal' and 'Use' are the information processing stages with lower mean scores of HL. Carers with low HL levels appear to be older and to have less education, low knowledge of community resources and decreased wellbeing (p < 0.05). A strategy focused on health promotion-related HL through primary care resources can potentially improve caregivers' knowledge, competencies and motivation, as well as health system sustainability. Reported HLS-EU-PT scores deserve special attention. Future work should emphasize the role of HL-associated factors and health outcomes for caregivers and cared-for persons.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

1.12 Selection matrix for Brazilian bee species to risk assessment of pesticides

Many countries are using honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a surrogate to evaluate the risk of pesticides to all bee species. However, there is uncertainty regarding the extent honey bees can be used as surrogates for non‐Apis species in pesticides risk assessment. A selection matrix for Brazilian bee species was built to support the selection process. To be considered as a candidate representative species in the Brazilian agricultural scenario a bee should have a wide geographic distribution, and be recorded in at least 4 agricultural crops. The selection matrix provides a foundation to elect meliponines (stingless bees) as a priority group. Therefore, in the near future Ibama intends to assess the need for changes in the risk assessment procedure for bees, eventually including a stingless bee as a representative species.Many countries are using honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a surrogate to evaluate the risk of pesticides to all bee species. However, there is uncertainty regarding the extent honey bees can be used as surrogates for non‐Apis species in pesticides risk assessment. A selection matrix for Brazilian bee species was built to support the selection process. To be considered as a candidate representative species in the Brazilian agricultural scenario a bee should have a wide geographic distribution, and be recorded in at least 4 agricultural crops. The selection matrix provides a foundation to elect meliponines (stingless bees) as a priority group. Therefore, in the near future Ibama intends to assess the need for changes in the risk assessment procedure for bees, eventually including a stingless bee as a representative species