A substituição tributária progressiva no ICMS: evolução jurisprudencial

Em 2016 o Supremo Tribunal Federal, enfim, se manifestou sobre temática de grande controvérsia e que aguardava pacificação há anos: a substituição tributária progressiva no imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e serviços (ICMS). Embora já tenha sido objeto de outros julgamentos pela mesma Corte, foi apenas com o julgamento do Recurso Especial nº 593.849/MG/2016, de reconhecida repercussão geral, que o entendimento majoritário e vigente há décadas foi superado, dando início a um novo tempo dentro do Direito Tributário. Assim, para que fosse possível entender as razões fáticas e jurídicas responsáveis por embasar o novo cenário, realizou-se estudo aprofundado sobre o tributo e a referida técnica tributária, englobando suas origens, suas conceituações, bem como o desenrolar das controvérsias pertinentes

Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of a nanobiomaterial in a maxillary sinus lift surgery: a case report

The objective of this study was to histologically and immunologically analyze the level of bone substitution and the presence of new blood vessels in a nanobiomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite and BTCP in a maxillary sinus lift surgery. A case of a maxillary sinus lift was investigated. The patient had a 1.0 mm bone remnant on the left side and 2 grams of nanobiomaterial (80% hydroxyapatite and 20% β-tricalcium phosphate) were grafted into the pneumatized sinus. After 6 months, during dental implant placement surgery, grafted bone samples were collected with 4 mm trephines. These samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis where they were stained with masson'strichrome and immuno stained with osteonectin and osteopontin. After 6 months of bone regeneration a result of 14 mm of bone gain was reached, the analyzes in masson's trichrome showed an excellent gain of newly formed bone, in addition to a very high percentage of blood vessels. In the immunostaining, a very large number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was observed, signaling an excellent osteoconduction and osteoinduction of the studied nanobiomaterial. The maxillary sinus lift surgery with nanobiomaterial provided a very favorable bone height and thickness gain, as well as the high vascularity and cellularity, which enabled the patient's oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated dental implants and permanent ceramic prostheses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PREVENÇÃO DO TROMBOEMBOLISMO VENOSO EM GESTANTES E PÓS-PARTO: ABORDAGEM DOS FATORES DE RISCO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERVENÇÃO

This study addresses the challenges faced in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnant women and during the postpartum period, highlighting risk factors and intervention strategies. During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes adaptations to accommodate the fetus, increasing the risk of blood clot formation in the veins, which can lead to serious complications such as venous gangrene. Despite medical advancements, VTE has become the leading cause of maternal mortality in locations where other causes have been controlled. The risk of VTE during pregnancy and postpartum is significantly increased, being five to ten times higher during pregnancy and up to 20 times in the postpartum period compared to non-pregnant women of the same age. Factors such as advanced age, obesity, family history of VTE, thrombophilias, multiple pregnancies, cesarean delivery, and prolonged immobility contribute to this elevated risk. Integrative literature review identified that the use of compression stockings can be effective in reducing the risk of VTE in pregnant women, as well as the use of pharmacological anticoagulants, such as low-dose heparin. Systematic evaluation of VTE risk factors in all pregnant women and postpartum women, along with the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, is recommended. In summary, the study emphasizes the importance of early identification and management of VTE risk factors in pregnant women and during the postpartum period, as well as the implementation of effective preventive strategies. These measures have the potential to significantly improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary and individualized approach to VTE prevention during pregnancy and postpartum.Este estudio aborda los desafíos enfrentados en la prevención de la tromboembolia venosa (TEV) en mujeres embarazadas y durante el período posparto, destacando los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de intervención. Durante el embarazo, el cuerpo de la mujer experimenta adaptaciones para acomodar al feto, aumentando el riesgo de formación de coágulos sanguíneos en las venas, lo que puede llevar a complicaciones graves como la gangrena venosa. A pesar de los avances médicos, la TEV se ha convertido en la principal causa de mortalidad materna en lugares donde se han controlado otras causas. El riesgo de TEV durante el embarazo y el posparto aumenta significativamente, siendo de cinco a diez veces mayor durante el embarazo y hasta 20 veces en el período posparto en comparación con mujeres no embarazadas de la misma edad. Factores como la edad avanzada, la obesidad, el historial familiar de TEV, las trombofilias, los embarazos múltiples, el parto por cesárea y la inmovilidad prolongada contribuyen a este riesgo elevado. La revisión integrativa de la literatura identificó que el uso de medias elásticas de compresión puede ser efectivo para reducir el riesgo de TEV en mujeres embarazadas, al igual que el uso de anticoagulantes farmacológicos, como la heparina de baja dosis. Se recomienda la evaluación sistemática de los factores de riesgo de TEV en todas las mujeres embarazadas y en el posparto, junto con la implementación de medidas preventivas adecuadas. En resumen, el estudio enfatiza la importancia de la identificación temprana y el manejo de los factores de riesgo de TEV en mujeres embarazadas y durante el período posparto, así como la implementación de estrategias preventivas efectivas. Estas medidas tienen el potencial de mejorar significativamente los resultados maternos y neonatales, destacando la necesidad de un enfoque multidisciplinario e individualizado para la prevención de la TEV durante el embarazo y el posparto.  Este estudo aborda os desafios enfrentados na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) em gestantes e no período pós-parto, destacando os fatores de risco e estratégias de intervenção. Durante a gravidez, o corpo da mulher passa por adaptações para acomodar o feto, aumentando o risco de formação de coágulos sanguíneos nas veias, que podem levar a complicações graves, como a gangrena venosa. Apesar dos avanços médicos, o TEV tornou-se a principal causa de mortalidade materna em locais onde outras causas foram controladas. O risco de TEV durante a gravidez e no período pós-parto é significativamente aumentado, sendo de cinco a dez vezes maior durante a gestação e até 20 vezes no pós-parto, comparado com mulheres não grávidas da mesma faixa etária. Fatores como idade avançada, obesidade, histórico familiar de TEV, trombofilias, gestações múltiplas, parto cesáreo e imobilidade prolongada contribuem para esse risco elevado. A revisão integrativa da literatura identificou que o uso de meias elásticas de compressão pode ser eficaz na redução do risco de TEV em mulheres grávidas, assim como o uso de anticoagulantes farmacológicos, como a heparina de baixa dose. Recomenda-se a avaliação sistemática dos fatores de risco para TEV em todas as gestantes e mulheres no período pós-parto, juntamente com a implementação de medidas preventivas apropriadas. Em resumo, o estudo ressalta a importância da identificação precoce e do manejo dos fatores de risco para TEV em gestantes e no período pós-parto, assim como da implementação de estratégias preventivas eficazes. Essas medidas têm o potencial de melhorar significativamente os desfechos maternos e neonatais, evidenciando a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e individualizada na prevenção do TEV durante a gravidez e o pós-parto

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data