Avaliação de ideias criativas por parte do anunciante: Uma abordagem qualitativa

Creativity plays a core role in advertising communication, but do advertisers consider it as an essential factor when judging and approving communicative ideas presented by an agency?  The main aim of this article is to identify the elements that, from the advertisers’ point of view, are key in their assessment and approval process regarding communicative ideas; detecting any elements that can work for or against a favourable assessment for a proposal from an advertiser and checking whether creativity is one of them. To do this, an exploratory research project was proposed with a qualitative focus, involving in-depth interviews with six advertisers operating on the Spanish market.  Using content analysis and Grounded Theory, the findings demonstrate that the agency’s proposal was not assessed in isolation but that, beyond the mere idea, there is a range of intangible elements with enormous influence over the advertisers’ final decision. Creativity is a characteristic that is taken for granted, it is assimilated into originality and it is used as a medium to achieve certain business objectives.  In turn, the article focus will provide a vision of the advertiser that is traditionally ignored in advertising literature: they are not only broadcasters but also the target audience of the commercial communication. La creatividad ocupa un rol nuclear dentro de la comunicación publicitaria, pero ¿el anunciante lo tiene en cuenta como un factor esencial a la hora de juzgar y dar el visto bueno a las ideas comunicativas que una agencia le presenta?  El objetivo principal de este artículo es el de identificar los elementos que, desde el punto de vista de los anunciantes, son claves en su proceso de valoración y aprobación de las ideas comunicativas; detectar los elementos que pueden facilitar o dificultar que un anunciante valore favorablemente una propuesta y comprobar si la creatividad es uno de ellos. Para ello, se planteó una investigación con un enfoque cualitativo y carácter exploratorio en la que se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad a seis anunciantes que operan en el mercado español.  Los resultados obtenidos, utilizando el análisis de contenido y la Teoría Fundamentada, ponen de manifiesto que la propuesta de la agencia no se valora de manera aislada sino que, más allá de la idea, hay un abanico de elementos intangibles que ejercen una enorme influencia sobre la decisión final del anunciante. La creatividad es una característica que se da por supuesta, se asimila a originalidad y se equipara a un medio para conseguir unos determinados objetivos empresariales.  A su vez, el enfoque del artículo proporciona una visión del anunciante tradicionalmente ignorada en la literatura publicitaria: su condición no solo como emisor, sino también como público objetivo de la comunicación comercial. A criatividade desempenha um papel fundamental na comunicação publicitária, mas o anunciante a leva em consideração como um fator essencial ao julgar e aprovar as ideias de comunicação que uma agência lhe apresenta? O objetivo principal deste artigo é identificar os elementos que, do ponto de vista dos anunciantes, são fundamentais no seu processo de avaliação e aprovação das ideias de comunicação; detectar os elementos que podem facilitar ou dificultar a um anunciante avaliar favoravelmente uma proposta e verificar se a criatividade é um deles. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa com uma abordagem qualitativa e de carácter exploratório, em que foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com seis anunciantes que operam no mercado espanhol. Os resultados obtidos, utilizando a análise de conteúdo e a Teoria Fundamentada, mostram que a proposta da agência não é avaliada isoladamente, mas que, para além da ideia, existe uma gama de elementos intangíveis que exercem uma enorme influência na decisão final do anunciante. A criatividade é uma característica que é tomada como certa, assimilada à originalidade e equiparada a um meio para atingir certos objetivos empresariais.  Por sua vez, a abordagem do artigo fornece uma visão do anunciante tradicionalmente ignorada na literatura publicitária: sua condição não apenas de emissor mas também como público alvo da comunicação comercial.&nbsp

El mercado publicitario catalán o la lucha por la supervivencia

Barcelona y Madrid han sido los dos centros que han polarizado gran parte de las inversiones publicitarias en España. Sin embargo, la difusión de los productos publicitarios a nivel estatal, el carácter multinacional, tanto de las inversiones como de los contenidos, y la concepción de España como una unidad de mercado han dificultado el estudio de la actividad publicitaria en territorios delimitados geográficamente. En 1999, un grupo de profesores de la UAB decidimos asumir el reto metodológico de abordar el estudio del comportamiento de Cataluña como generadora y receptora de inversión publicitaria. Eso debía permitir determinar, por una parte, el volumen de inversión publicitaria de las empresas con sede social en Cataluña y, por otra, cuál era el porcentaje que recibían los medios ubicados en esta zona geográfica sobre el total de inversión que tiene lugar en el conjunto estatal. El resultado fue una investigación que, por primera vez, aportaba datos originales sobre las tendencias de la actividad publicitaria en Cataluña. Así se convertía, por un lado, en una herramienta muy útil para ver, con datos numéricos, cuánto hay de realidad y cuánto de mito acerca de Cataluña como mercado publicitario y, por el otro, permitía hacer un diagnóstico sobre el estado de salud de la publicidad en el caso concreto de Cataluña.Barcelona and Madrid have been both centers that have polarized great part of the advertising investments in Spain. Nevertheless, the diffusion of advertising products at state level, the multinational character as much of the investments as of the contents and the conception of Spain as a market unit has made difficult the study of the advertising activity in delimited territories geographically. In 1999, a group of professors of the UAB decided to assume the methodologic challenge to undertake the study of the behavior of Catalonia like generating and receiving of advertising investment. That had to allow to determine on the one hand, the volume of advertising investment of the companies with social seat in Catalonia and, by another one, which was the percentage that the means located in this geographic zone received on the total of investment that takes place in the state set. The result was an investigation that, for the first time, contributed original data on the tendencies of the advertising activity in Catalonia. Thus one became, on the one hand, in a very useful tool to see, with numeric data, how much there is of reality and how much of myth about Catalonia like advertising market, and, by the other, it allowed to make a diagnosis on the state of health of advertising in the tactical mission of Catalonia

Publicidad local y usos lingüísticos en el prime-time generalista radiofónico

La publicidad local que aparece en el prime-time radiofónico generalista se revela como un objeto de estudio de sumo interés, sobre todo si, con independencia de valorar su envergadura en relación con la publicidad en cadena, se analiza desde la perspectiva de los anunciantes y de la lengua en la que promocionan sus productos. El objetivo de este artículo, elaborado a partir de una muestra de cerca de 500 inserciones publicitarias, es, precisamente, evaluar estos aspectos y determinar, entre otras cosas, la configuración, o no, de políticas publicitarias específicas en cada cadena.The local radiophonic advertising that appears in the prime-time, it is revealed as an object of supreme interest, especially if, with independence of valuing its importance for relation with the advertising for network, it is analyzed from the perspective of the advertisers and of the language in which they promote the products. The aim of this article, from a sample closely of 500 advertising insertions, is, precisely, to study these aspects and to determine, among other things, the configuration, or not, of advertising specific policies in every station

La Gestió europea de les ajudes d'estat durant la recent crisi financera i la seva adequació al sistema comunitari de defensa de la competencia

En un context de crisi, els Estats es troben en un trade-off entre "relaxar" el sistema de control d'ajudes d'Estat per reduir l'impacte de la recessió, o mantenir-lo i evitar així distorsions competitives. Es tracta d'un cas especial de trade-off entre el curt i el llarg termini. La present recerca investiga com la política europea ha gestionat la demanda d'ajudes públiques durant la recent crisi financera. Es diferencia entre "llei" i "procediment", i es determina que mentre la primera s'ha adaptat al nou context de crisi per donar cabuda a mesures de rescat, una sèrie d'evidències suggereixen que el segon s'ha "relaxat", i que pot haver estat una estratègia second best per reduir el risc moral associat als rescats i una estratègia necessària per a mantenir el propi sistema de control d'ajudes d'Esta

Creativity : the key to creating successful advertising messages in the digital sonosphere

The characteristics of the radio media have traditionally been put forward as arguments to justify the lack of creativity in radio advertising in Spain. Factors such as fragmentation of the media, the need to resort to high frequencies in the broadcast message, the format almost absolute control wedge or direct translation of texts designed to television to radio, have led to and perpetuated the idea that radio advertising is not creative. However, the sono-digital realm has become the paradigm upside down transmission and reception of audio advertising messages. Multiplication, integration and interaction of different receiving devices paint a landscape in which arise not only new consumption habits that are beginning to overtake traditional formats, but also creativity stands as an essential tool to attract attention of the "new audiences". This is one conclusion that emerges from the first phase of the study being carried out Publiradio Research Group (Faculty of Communication Sciences -Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona), with the title: The Digital Sonosphere as a New Space to Communicate with Young People: A Study of Listener Habits for the Development of new PSA Formats CSO2009-12236. The project emphasizes the importance given to creativity when developing advertising products, so much so that young people who have been part of the field investigation, one of the conditions to be given to advertising is acceptable to be creative. In this new stage of digital sound-field, in which the radio loses its characteristic half-king as a transmitter of sound advertising and must coexist with other media that carry the increased potential for contact with the target. These new media have features that allow them free of the topics traditionally associated with radio advertising, but have we taken this opportunity to renew? The emergence of these new media has not been accompanied by the emergence of new advertising formulas sound. In this communication, is intended to highlight the opportunity provided by the digital sound-field enhancement factor of creativity and highlight the central role it can and should play in buildin

Feminist Stereotypes and Women’s Roles in Spanish Radio Ads

This article takes a quantitative approach to Spanish radio advertising and the stereotypes and female roles that it broadcasts in a medium that has traditionally had high female audience rates in our country. From content analysis of 679 radio ads extracted from the 3 main general Spanish radio stations and collected 10 years apart, the study attempts to show the evolution (or regression) of how radio advertising portrays women. The radio in Spain has always been a medium anchored in the real world that has also provided some degree of space to broadcast social movement. #MeToo, as a phenomenon promoting female empowerment, was no exception. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to demonstrate whether the social movements that led to increased female activism have been reflected in a change of roles and stereotypes projected by radio advertising messages. The work presented here looks at the concept of role from a dual perspective: firstly, it focuses on the role played by female voices in radio advertising items. Secondly, it works on the concept of role by assimilating it into the female image projected in radio advertising items. The results obtained between the two samples are remarkably similar, demonstrating a clear tendency to polarise the female image and confirming that women are still being portrayed in significantly traditional roles

The sound of responsibility : evolution of the use of radio advertising as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication channel before and after Covid-19. A significant increase

Radio is an audio communication medium that has always stood out for its credibility and close relationship to its audience, which makes it an appealing option for organizations that want to make their responsible behavior known. The Covid-19 pandemic has created a new landscape in which the strategic role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the company has been strengthened and in which advertising messages are proving to be an interesting way of disseminating organizations' responsible actions. Based on the quantitative content analysis of 562 radio advertisements taken from the three principal mainstream Spanish radio broadcasters and collected 2 years apart (2019 and 2021), this study seeks to find out whether the Covid-19 health crisis has led to changes in the use of radio advertising as a vehicle for communicating organizations' CSR. To this end, the variables analyzed were the presence of CSR elements, advertiser, economic sector, CSR dimensions, beneficiary stakeholders, and communication area. The results show, among other data, that the communication of CSR through radio advertising has experienced significant growth after overcoming the worst moments of the pandemic. This growth indicates that companies are increasingly sensitive to issues related to CSR and that radio advertising has provided them with a way to publicize their socially responsible actions. It seems that corporations understand that credibility, trust, and a not inconsiderable penetration rate encourage the circulation of their CSR campaigns through the medium of radio.La radio es un medio de comunicación sonoro que siempre ha destacado por su credibilidad y cercanía con la audiencia, lo que la convierte en una interesante opción para las organizaciones que quieren dar a conocer sus actuaciones responsables. La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha generado un nuevo escenario en el que la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) ha visto reforzado su papel estratégico en la empresa y en el que los mensajes publicitarios se muestran como interesantes vías de divulgación de las acciones responsables de las organizaciones. A partir del análisis de contenido cuantitativo de 562 anuncios radiofónicos extraídos de las 3 principales emisoras de radio generalistas españolas y recogidos con 2 años de diferencia (2019 y 2021), el estudio trata de averiguar si la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19 ha comportado cambios en el uso de la publicidad radiofónica como vehículo para comunicar la RSC de las organizaciones. Para ello, las variables analizadas han sido: presencia de elementos de RSC, anunciante, sector económico, dimensiones de la RSC, stakeholders beneficiarios y área de comunicación. Los resultados muestran, entre otros datos, que la comunicación de la RSC a través de la publicidad radiofónica ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo tras superar los peores momentos de la pandemia. Este incremento indica que las empresas son cada vez más sensibles con las cuestiones relacionadas con la RSC y que encuentran en la publicidad radiofónica una vía para difundir sus acciones socialmente responsables. Parece que las corporaciones han comprendido que credibilidad, confianza y un índice de penetración nada despreciable favorecen la transmisión de sus campañas de RSC en el medio radio

Feminist stereotypes and women's roles in Spanish radio ads

This article takes a quantitative approach to Spanish radio advertising and the stereotypes and female roles that it broadcasts in a medium that has traditionally had high female audience rates in our country. From content analysis of 679 radio ads extracted from the 3 main general Spanish radio stations and collected 10 years apart, the study attempts to show the evolution (or regression) of how radio advertising portrays women. The radio in Spain has always been a medium anchored in the real world that has also provided some degree of space to broadcast social movement. #MeToo, as a phenomenon promoting female empowerment, was no exception. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to demonstrate whether the social movements that led to increased female activism have been reflected in a change of roles and stereotypes projected by radio advertising messages. The work presented here looks at the concept of role from a dual perspective: firstly, it focuses on the role played by female voices in radio advertising items. Secondly, it works on the concept of role by assimilating it into the female image projected in radio advertising items. The results obtained between the two samples are remarkably similar, demonstrating a clear tendency to polarise the female image and confirming that women are still being portrayed in significantly traditional roles

Los hombres ante el espejo : estereotipos masculinos en las inserciones publicitarias de la radio española

Los estudios sobre estereotipos publicitarios en el medio radio son escasos y los existentes se han centrado de manera predominante en los roles y estereotipos femeninos. El auge de los movimientos sociales feministas y campañas como la de Gillette del año 2019 «The best men can be» permiten intuir que algo está cambiando en el entorno de la comunicación publicitaria en cuanto a los estereotipos de género y el rol masculino en la sociedad. Este artículo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, se centra en el análisis de los estereotipos que los anuncios publicitarios radiofónicos proyectan de los hombres. Para ello, se han examinado 679 inserciones publicitarias, extraídas de las tres principales emisoras generalistas españolas y recogidas con 10 años de diferencia, con el objetivo de poder observar los cambios producidos en la imagen del target masculino a partir de lo que la publicidad radiofónica transmite. Las unidades de análisis se recogieron en dos oleadas, la primera en la temporada otoño-invierno de 2008-2009 y la segunda en el mismo período de 2018-2019, y se procedió a examinarlas a través del análisis de contenido. Se diseñó una plantilla ad hoc que permitiera dar respuesta a los principales objetivos de la investigación: determinar cuáles son los estereotipos masculinos dominantes en la radio española; definir la imagen que se proyecta del hombre a través de la publicidad radiofónica de nuestro país y observar los cambios producidos respecto a la presencia de estereotipos masculinos tradicionales en las inserciones publicitarias. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que pocas cosas han cambiado a lo largo de una década y que la radio, como medio publicitario, contribuye a la construcción, transmisión y perpetuación de estereotipos masculinos tradicionales. La investigación supone un importante complemento a los estudios llevados a cabo sobre los roles y estereotipos femeninos en la radio, tanto a nivel internacional como en el marco español.Studies on advertising stereotypes in the radio are scarce and those that do exist have focused predominantly on female roles and stereotypes. The rise of feminist social movements and campaigns such as Gillette's 2019 campaign "The best men can be" suggest that something is changing in the advertising communication environment regarding gender stereotypes and the male role in society. This article, with a quantitative approach, focuses on the analysis of the stereotypes that radio advertising conveys about men. To this end, 679 radio advertisements were examined. The sample was recorded from the three main Spanish general radio broadcasters and collected 10 years apart with the aim of observing the changes produced in the image of the male target audience. The units of analysis were collected in two waves, the first in the autumn-winter period of 2008-2009 and the second in the same period of 2018-2019, and all of them were examined through content analysis. An ad hoc template was designed to respond to the main objectives of the research: to determine which are the dominant male stereotypes in Spanish radio; to define the image of men through radio advertising in our country and to observe the changes around the presence of traditional male stereotypes in radio advertisements. The results obtained in this work show that few things have changed over a decade and that radio, as an advertising media, contributes to the construction, transmission and perpetuation of traditional male stereotypes. This research is an important complement to the studies carried out on female roles and stereotypes in radio, both internationally and in Spai