A functional variant in the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter enhances fatty acid desaturation in pork

There is growing public concern about reducing saturated fat intake. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the lipogenic enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of oleic acid (18:1) by desaturating stearic acid (18:0). Here we describe a total of 18 mutations in the promoter and 3′ non-coding region of the pig SCD gene and provide evidence that allele T at AY487830:g.2228T>C in the promoter region enhances fat desaturation (the ratio 18:1/18:0 in muscle increases from 3.78 to 4.43 in opposite homozygotes) without affecting fat content (18:0+18:1, intramuscular fat content, and backfat thickness). No mutations that could affect the functionality of the protein were found in the coding region. First, we proved in a purebred Duroc line that the C-T-A haplotype of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.2108C>T; g.2228T>C; g.2281A>G) of the promoter region was additively associated to enhanced 18:1/18:0 both in muscle and subcutaneous fat, but not in liver. We show that this association was consistent over a 10-year period of overlapping generations and, in line with these results, that the C-T-A haplotype displayed greater SCD mRNA expression in muscle. The effect of this haplotype was validated both internally, by comparing opposite homozygote siblings, and externally, by using experimental Duroc-based crossbreds. Second, the g.2281A>G and the g.2108C>T SNPs were excluded as causative mutations using new and previously published data, restricting the causality to g.2228T>C SNP, the last source of genetic variation within the haplotype. This mutation is positioned in the core sequence of several putative transcription factor binding sites, so that there are several plausible mechanisms by which allele T enhances 18:1/18:0 and, consequently, the proportion of monounsaturated to saturated fat.This research was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2009-09779 and AGL2012-33529). RRF is recipient of a PhD scholarship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BES-2010-034607). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript

2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research

Residual effect of potassium fertilization with ryegrass on subsequent rice under no-tillage

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém sobre o arroz subseqüente, em sistema de semeadura direta, foi desenvolvido um experimento de campo, no período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1997, no Centro Agropecuário da Palma-UFPel, localizado no município do Capão do Leão (RS). Foi utilizado um Planossolo pertencente à unidade de mapeamento Pelotas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por três níveis de K aplicados no azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5 e 1 vez a dose recomendada de 70 kg ha-1 de K2O, sobre cada um dos quais foram aplicados quatro níveis de K no arroz, cultivado após o azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 vez a dose recomendada de 60 kg ha-1 de K2O, resultando num fatorial completo com 12 tratamentos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: (a) o K disponível após as culturas não aumentou neste solo com a adubação potássica nas doses recomendadas; (b) o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém para a cultura seguinte, neste solo, equivaleu a pelo menos 56 % do potássio aplicado, contido na parte aérea do azevém.To evaluate residual effects of potassium fertilization throught ryegrass on subsequent rice, under no-tillage system, a field experiment was performed from May 1996 to April 1997 in the Agricultural Center (Centro Agropecuário) of Palma/UFPel, in the county of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The examined soil was a Planossolo (Albaqualf) belonging to the Pelotas mapping unit. Treatments consisted of three K levels applied on the ryegrass (0, 0.5 and 1 time the recommended dose of 70 kg ha-1 K2O) and four K levels on the rice grown after the ryegrass (equivalents to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 times the recommended dose of 60 kg ha-1 K2O), resulting in complete factorial of twelve treatments. The design used was a randomized block with three replicates. The results indicated that: (a) the available K after the cultures does not increase in this soil with potassium fertilization in the recommended dosages; (b) the ryegrass potassium fertilization residual effect to the following culture, in this soil, is equivalent, at least, to 56 % of the applied potassium contained in the aerial part of ryegrass

Efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém sobre o arroz subseqüente em plantio direto

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém sobre o arroz subseqüente, em sistema de semeadura direta, foi desenvolvido um experimento de campo, no período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1997, no Centro Agropecuário da Palma-UFPel, localizado no município do Capão do Leão (RS). Foi utilizado um Planossolo pertencente à unidade de mapeamento Pelotas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por três níveis de K aplicados no azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5 e 1 vez a dose recomendada de 70 kg ha-1 de K2O, sobre cada um dos quais foram aplicados quatro níveis de K no arroz, cultivado após o azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 vez a dose recomendada de 60 kg ha-1 de K2O, resultando num fatorial completo com 12 tratamentos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: (a) o K disponível após as culturas não aumentou neste solo com a adubação potássica nas doses recomendadas; (b) o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém para a cultura seguinte, neste solo, equivaleu a pelo menos 56 % do potássio aplicado, contido na parte aérea do azevém

Residual effect of potassium fertilization with ryegrass on subsequent rice under no-tillage

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém sobre o arroz subseqüente, em sistema de semeadura direta, foi desenvolvido um experimento de campo, no período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1997, no Centro Agropecuário da Palma-UFPel, localizado no município do Capão do Leão (RS). Foi utilizado um Planossolo pertencente à unidade de mapeamento Pelotas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por três níveis de K aplicados no azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5 e 1 vez a dose recomendada de 70 kg ha-1 de K2O, sobre cada um dos quais foram aplicados quatro níveis de K no arroz, cultivado após o azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 vez a dose recomendada de 60 kg ha-1 de K2O, resultando num fatorial completo com 12 tratamentos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: (a) o K disponível após as culturas não aumentou neste solo com a adubação potássica nas doses recomendadas; (b) o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém para a cultura seguinte, neste solo, equivaleu a pelo menos 56 % do potássio aplicado, contido na parte aérea do azevém.To evaluate residual effects of potassium fertilization throught ryegrass on subsequent rice, under no-tillage system, a field experiment was performed from May 1996 to April 1997 in the Agricultural Center (Centro Agropecuário) of Palma/UFPel, in the county of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The examined soil was a Planossolo (Albaqualf) belonging to the Pelotas mapping unit. Treatments consisted of three K levels applied on the ryegrass (0, 0.5 and 1 time the recommended dose of 70 kg ha-1 K2O) and four K levels on the rice grown after the ryegrass (equivalents to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 times the recommended dose of 60 kg ha-1 K2O), resulting in complete factorial of twelve treatments. The design used was a randomized block with three replicates. The results indicated that: (a) the available K after the cultures does not increase in this soil with potassium fertilization in the recommended dosages; (b) the ryegrass potassium fertilization residual effect to the following culture, in this soil, is equivalent, at least, to 56 % of the applied potassium contained in the aerial part of ryegrass

Efeitos antidiabéticos de plantas medicinais

Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença metabólica crônica caracterizada por hipeglicemia que tem impacto significante em seus pacientes. Sua incidência está crescendo rapidamente conduzindo para aumento no custo dos cuidados da doença e de suas complicações. O tratamento envolve, além de controle dietético e atividade física, o uso de fármacos que ocasionam efeitos colaterais para atingir ações farmacológicas desejadas. Entretanto, produtos de plantas são, freqüentemente, considerados menos tóxicos e com menos efeitos colaterais que drogas sintéticas e amplamente utilizadas pela população. Nesse trabalho várias espécies de plantas utilizadas experimentalmente ou na medicina popular, agindo de diferentes formas de modo a controlar glicemia e/ou inibir sintomas e complicações características da diabetes serão revisadas para avaliação de seus supostos efeitos terapêuticos.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemy that has a significant impact for their patients. Its incidence is raising leading to an increase in the cost of the cares of the disease and of its complications. The treatment involves, besides dietary control and physical activity, the use of drugs that cause side effects to reach wanted pharmacological actions. However, products of plants are, frequently, considered less poisonous and with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs and widely used by the population. In this paper, several species of plants, used experimentally or in the popular medicine, acting by different ways to control glycemia and/or to inhibit symptoms and characteristic complications of the diabetes, they will be reviewed for evaluation of their supposed therapeutic effects

Antidiabetic effects of the medicinal plants

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemy that has a significant impact for their patients. Its incidence is raising leading to an increase in the cost of the cares of the disease and of its complications. The treatment involves, besides dietary control and physical activity, the use of drugs that cause side effects to reach wanted pharmacological actions. However, products of plants are, frequently, considered less poisonous and with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs and widely used by the population. In this paper, several species of plants, used experimentally or in the popular medicine, acting by different ways to control glycemia and/or to inhibit symptoms and characteristic complications of the diabetes, they will be reviewed for evaluation of their supposed therapeutic effects

A walk down the Cap de Creus canyon, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Recent processes inferred from morphology and sediment bedforms

The Cap de Creus canyon, northwestern Mediterranean Sea, belongs to a complex network of submarine canyons cutting the western Gulf of Lion continental shelf and opening into the larger Sète canyon. Swath bathymetry data, MAK-1M deep-towed side-scan sonar imagery and 5 kHz high resolution seismic reflection profiles show striking morphologies in the Cap de Creus canyon floor and walls. As a consequence of the canyon head and the upper reach severe incision, the continental shelf dramatically narrows in front of the Creus Cape promontory. The upper canyon has a flat-bottomed thalweg incised in a mega-scale sediment furrow field displaying hyperbolic seismic facies. The tens of kilometres long linear furrows extend also over the middle canyon down to 1400 m of water depth. The furrows on either side of the canyon are not parallel but oblique and display varying degrees of excavation. Mid-channel sediment bars are locally present in the thalweg, which is made of sandy lag deposits, as revealed by its acoustic response and verified by sediment samples. The middle canyon is linear and steep, with an up to 700 m high southern wall, contrasting with the sinuous, smooth lower canyon, which is controlled by flowage of the underlying Messinian evaporites. Large sections of the canyon are affected by sediment instability processes. The lower Cap de Creus canyon hangs up to 260 m over its distalmost reach and the Sète canyon through a narrow, less than 1 km wide, gorge. Numerous scours up to 10 m deep suggesting bed load transport occupy the lower Sète canyon immediately downstream of the Cap de Creus canyon mouth.The data set provides the first complete very-high resolution imaging of a submarine canyon from its upper part down to its distalmost reach. The observations evidence a wide set of erosion, transport and deposition processes along the Cap de Creus canyon, including sediment entrapment at the canyon head, furrow-generating dense water cascading through the southern wall, along-channel currents strong enough to excavate specific sections of the channel floor and bed load sediment transport as demonstrated by the presence of mega-ripples, crescent scours and grooves in the lower canyon