Resultados de la enseñanza de estrategias de lectura y escritura en la alfabetización temprana de niños con riesgo social

Introducción: La evidencia científica reciente destaca la importancia de la alfabetización temprana como fundamento del aprendizaje lector posterior, especialmente en niños en riesgo social, pero no existen las condiciones adecuadas para alcanzar su desarrollo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los resultados de una intervención focalizada en el aprendizaje temprano de la lectura y la escritura de niños con riesgo social (5 años 3 meses promedio). Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 339 niños(as) (132 grupo intervención/207 grupo comparación), al inicio y al fin del año escolar. Los profesores del grupo de intervención participaron en un programa de desarrollo profesional de un año que incluyó capacitación y acompañamiento para la aplicación de estrategias de enseñanza de la alfabetización temprana. Resultados: Se observó un resultado positivo en el conocimiento del alfabeto, la escritura emergente y el reconocimiento visual de palabras, no en comprensión oral. Discusión: Se contrastan los resultados con otros programas de intervención en niños con riesgo social, resaltando la importancia de la capacitación y el acompañamiento a los educadores

Nivel de alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia en estudiantes de secundaria: comparaciones por sexo y nivel socioeconómico

El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos: 1) analizar el nivel de alfabetización científica y las actitudes hacia la ciencia que  presentan los estudiantes de secundaria, estableciendo comparaciones por sexo y nivel socioeconómico (NSE), y 2) evaluar la relación entre alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: una prueba de alfabetización científica basada en la taxonomía de Bybee (1997) y el Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA, “Escala de actitudes relacionadas con la ciencia”) (Fraser, 1981). Se administraron ambos instrumentos a 674 estudiantes de escuelas científico-humanistas de la Región Metropolitana (Chile) provenientes de distintos NSE. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de tipo descriptivo e inferenciales tales como Prueba t, Chi-cuadrado, Anova y correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados muestran la predominancia de un nivel funcional de alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia moderadamente favorables. Los análisis comparativos expresan niveles de alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia más positivos mientras más alto es el NSE. En cambio, no se observaron diferencias por sexo para ninguno de los dos ámbitos medidos. Los análisis correlacionales evidencian una relación positiva entre la alfabetización científica y las actitudes hacia la ciencia, aunque de magnitud moderada

Initial presenting manifestations in 16,486 patients with inborn errors of immunity include infections and noninfectious manifestations

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare diseases, which makes diagnosis a challenge. A better description of the initial presenting manifestations should improve awareness and avoid diagnostic delay. Although increased infection susceptibility is a well-known initial IEI manifestation, less is known about the frequency of other presenting manifestations. Objective: We sought to analyze age-related initial presenting manifestations of IEI including different IEI disease cohorts. Methods: We analyzed data on 16,486 patients of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry. Patients with autoinflammatory diseases were excluded because of the limited number registered. Results: Overall, 68% of patients initially presented with infections only, 9% with immune dysregulation only, and 9% with a combination of both. Syndromic features were the presenting feature in 12%, 4% had laboratory abnormalities only, 1.5% were diagnosed because of family history only, and 0.8% presented with malignancy. Two-third of patients with IEI presented before the age of 6 years, but a quarter of patients developed initial symptoms only as adults. Immune dysregulation was most frequently recognized as an initial IEI manifestation between age 6 and 25 years, with male predominance until age 10 years, shifting to female predominance after age 40 years. Infections were most prevalent as a first manifestation in patients presenting after age 30 years. Conclusions: An exclusive focus on infection-centered warning signs would have missed around 25% of patients with IEI who initially present with other manifestations. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;148:1332-41.

Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with two leptons in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThe results of a search for direct pair production of top squarks in events with two opposite-charge leptons (electrons or muons) are reported, using $36.1~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. To cover a range of mass differences between the top squark $\tilde{t}$ and lighter supersymmetric particles, four possible decay modes of the top squark are targeted with dedicated selections: the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm }$ into a b-quark and the lightest chargino with $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm } \rightarrow W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ , the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow t \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ into an on-shell top quark and the lightest neutralino, the three-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ and the four-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \ell \nu \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ . No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model background for any selection, and limits on top squarks are set as a function of the $\tilde{t}$ and $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ masses. The results exclude at 95% confidence level $\tilde{t}$ masses up to about 720 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous searches

Searches for the ZγZ\gamma decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThis article presents searches for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to Zγ, exploiting Z boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb$^{−1}$ of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model pp → H → Zγ production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for pp → H → Zγ is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level