El desmantelamiento de la siderurgia integral del Mediterráneo español (1977-1984)

El artículo analiza las políticas de reestructuración de la siderurgia española llevadas a cabo entre 1977 y 1984, haciendo especial hincapié en sus consecuencias para la empresa Altos Hornos del Mediterráneo. Los autores defienden que la reestructuración llevada a cabo a partir de 1984 constituyó un rotundo fracaso desde el punto de vista económico e industrial, puesto que supuso el fin del proyecto de construir una moderna fábrica siderúrgica integral en el Mediterráneo español, única alternativa posible para establecer en España un subsector competitivo y acorde a la demanda interna de productos planos

The Standard of Living of the Workers in a Spanish Industrial Town: Wages, Nutrition, Life Expentancy and Heigth in Alcoy (1870–1930)

Many studies carried out on the evolution of the standard of living have shown that it is advisable to use several indicators as there is no single indicator that reflects all of the dimensions of well-being or that does so without incurring value judgements. Following this line of research, this study examines the well-being of the workers of Alcoy during the industrialisation process using four indicators: real wages, nutrition, life expectancy and height. As happened in other European industrialized regions some decades before, between 1870 and the end of the nineteenth century we can observe a “puzzle” as two indicators point to an increase in the standard of living and the other two reveal the opposite. The “puzzle” later disappears because from the beginning of the twentieth century to 1930 the four indicators show that well-being increased.This work has been funded by the Ministry of Economy of the Spanish Government through the Projects HAR2014-56428-C3-1-P, HAR2014-56428-C3-2-P and by Santander Universidades through the Grants Programa Becas Iberoamérica, Jóvenes Profesores e Investigadores y Alumnos de Doctorado. Santander Universidades. España, 2014 and 2014

Genomic Plasticity of Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae is one of the deadliest pathogens in the history of humankind. It is the causative agent of cholera, a disease characterized by a profuse and watery diarrhoea that still today causes 95.000 deaths worldwide every year. V. cholerae is a free living marine organism that interacts with and infects a variety of organisms, from amoeba to humans, including insects and crustaceans. The complexity of the lifestyle and ecology of V. cholerae suggests a high genetic and phenotypic plasticity. In this review, we will focus on two peculiar genomic features that enhance genetic plasticity in this bacterium: the division of its genome in two different chromosomes and the presence of the superintegron, a gene capture device that acts as a large, low-cost memory of adaptive functions, allowing V. cholerae to adapt rapidly

The Standard of Living of the Workers in a Spanish Industrial Town: Wages, Nutrition, Life Expectancy and Height in Alcoy (1870–1930)

Many studies carried out on the evolution of the standard of living have shown that it is advisable to use several indicators as there is no single indicator that reflects all of the dimensions of well-being or that does so without incurring value judgements. Following this line of research, this study examines the well-being of the workers of Alcoy during the industrialisation process using four indicators: real wages, nutrition, life expectancy and height. As happened in other European industrialized regions some decades before, between 1870 and the end of the nineteenth century, we can observe a “puzzle” as two indicators point to an increase in the standard of living and the other two reveal the opposite. The “puzzle” later disappears because from the beginning of the twentieth century to 1930 the four indicators show that well-being increased

Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study

Background and aim Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”, which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. Methods 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. Results At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. Conclusions Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.Andalusian Government, Economy, Science and Innovation Ministry P06-CTS-02341Spanish Government SB2010-0025EU Project FP7 MyNewGut KBBE-2013-7 613979Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and University of the Junta de Andalucia (Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, PAIDI 2020)Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) CD21/0018

Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health

Conceptualization, C.C. and T.C.; searching and review of published articles: M.E.-M., E.D., M.G.-R., J.A.G.-S., T.C. and C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, M.E.-M., E.D., C.C., M.G.-R., J.A.G.-S. and T.C.; writing—review and editing, M.G.-R., J.A.G.-S. and T.C.; visualization, M.G.-R.; J.A.G.-S. and T.C.; supervision, T.C. and C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a "bifidogenic effect ", a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases

Análisis y propuesta de mejora para el proceso de producción en una imprenta industrial empleando metodología Six Sigma

El presente estudio tiene por finalidad analizar y mejorar el proceso de producción de una imprenta empleando la metodología Six Sigma. El trabajo inicia con el desarrollo del marco teórico, donde se define los conceptos, herramientas y metodologías que se emplean para realizar el diagnóstico y las propuestas de mejora. Así mismo, se realiza una breve descripción de la organización, indicando sus principales productos y clientes. Seguidamente, se detalla el proceso productivo de la empresa, se evalúa y selecciona el proceso de producción como el más crítico haciendo uso de una matriz de priorización. Luego, se desarrolla el ciclo DMAIC: definir, medir, analizar, implementar y controlar del proceso seleccionado. En la etapa de definición, se identifica los principales problemas del proceso de producción, los cuales se encuentran en la impresión, intercalado y enumerado. Para ello, se realizó el diagrama SIPOC y el DOP del proceso. En la medición se selecciona y cuantifica las variables críticas del proceso, se realiza la toma de muestras, pruebas de normalidad, capacidad, gráficas de control y estudio Gage R&R de cada variable, obteniendo el panorama actual del proceso en estudio. En la etapa de análisis, se identifican las causas que originan las fallas en los productos, por ello se utilizará un diagrama de Causa – Efecto y el diseño de experimentos para mejorar los factores más relevantes del proceso de producción. En la etapa de mejora se propone la implementación del programa de las 5S’s y un plan de capacitación a los operarios, de esta manera lograr optimizar el proceso de producción. En la etapa de control, se utilizarán herramientas que mantengan los cambios realizados para las mejoras. Por último, se realizará la evaluación económica del proyecto, obteniendo como resultado la viabilidad económica del presente proyecto.Tesi

Diseño de títulos y elaboración de guías docentes en el marco de sellos internacionales de calidad

Este libro documenta el trabajo realizado durante 2021 en dos proyectos diferentes pero movidos por un mismo objetivo: introducir los requisitos y los procedimientos que se emplean en el programa de Sellos Internacionales de Calidad (SIC) de ANECA como criterios para la revisión y la mejora de las memorias de verificación y de las guías docentes de títulos de Grado y Máster de la UPCT. Los proyectos se han desarrollado en paralelo y de forma coordinada, pero funcionan a niveles distintos: el primero (Herramientas para asegurar la calidad de las guías docentes de la EICIM II) se ocupa, principalmente, de las asignaturas; el segundo (Estrategias docentes orientadas a competencias) se orienta a títulos completos. Ambos se basan en proyectos previos, a los que dan continuidad, y han permitido afinar la metodología aplicada en aquellos e integrar en ella las novedades en la normativa académica de la UPCT

Monitoring the phenolic ripening of red grapes using a multisensor system based on metal-oxide nanoparticles

Producción CientíficaThe maturity of grapes is usually monitored by means of the sugar concentration. However, the assessment of other parameters such as the phenolic content is also important because the phenolic maturity has an important impact on the organoleptic characteristics of wines. In this work, voltammetric sensors able to detect phenols in red grapes have been developed. They are based on metal oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, NiO, and TiO2,) whose excellent electrocatalytic properties toward phenols allows obtaining sensors with detection limits in the range of 10−8 M and coefficients of variation lower than 7%. An electronic tongue constructed using a combination of the nanoparticle-based sensors is capable to monitor the phenolic maturity of red grapes from véraison to maturity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be successfully used to discriminate samples according to the ripeness. Regression models performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) have established good correlations between voltammetric data obtained with the electrochemical sensors and the Total Polyphenolic Index, the Brix degree and the Total Acidity, with correlation coefficients close to 1 and low number of latent variables. An advantage of this system is that the electronic tongue can be used for the simultaneous assessment of these three parameters which are the main factors used to monitor the maturity of grapes. Thus the electronic tongue based on metal oxide nanoparticles can be a valuable tool to monitor ripeness. These results demonstrate the exciting possible applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the field of electronic tongues.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-67482- R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA011U16)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-24112015-9