Gender differences in drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems in a community sample in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate drinking patterns and gender differences in alcohol-related problems in a Brazilian population, with an emphasis on the frequency of heavy drinking. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probability adult household sample (n = 1,464) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Alcohol intake and ICD-10 psychopathology diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 1.1. The analyses focused on the prevalence and determinants of 12-month nonheavy drinking, heavy episodic drinking (4-5 drinks per occasion), and heavy and frequent drinking (heavy drinking at least 3 times/week), as well as associated alcohol-related problems according to drinking patterns and gender. RESULTS: Nearly 22% (32.4% women, 8.7% men) of the subjects were lifetime abstainers, 60.3% were non-heavy drinkers, and 17.5% reported heavy drinking in a 12-month period (26.3% men, 10.9% women). Subjects with the highest frequency of heavy drinking reported the most problems. Among subjects who did not engage in heavy drinking, men reported more problems than did women. A gender convergence in the amount of problems was observed when considering heavy drinking patterns. Heavy and frequent drinkers were twice as likely as abstainers to present lifetime depressive disorders. Lifetime nicotine dependence was associated with all drinking patterns. Heavy and frequent drinking was not restricted to young ages. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy and frequent episodic drinking was strongly associated with problems in a community sample from the largest city in Latin America. Prevention policies should target this drinking pattern, independent of age or gender. These findings warrant continued research on risky drinking behavior, particularly among persistent heavy drinkers at the non-dependent level

Inductor destinations and regional tourism development: an intergovernmentalism problem?

The point of this article is to understand how actions directed by a central government can undermine policies, sub-national programs and projects related to local development in the tourism context. In this sense, the main objective is to analyze the interference of a national project of tourism regionalization in the planned actions of subnational governments in the touristic cities (destinations) in Brazil. Theoretically, issues have been addressed related to Tourism Management and Public Policies. We conducted documental and field research in Brazil, specifically 16 Minas Gerais State touristic destinations, whose data were processed using the content analysis technique. It was discovered that the analyzed national project contributed to the destabilization of a current state policy and centered on regionalization, presenting an intergovernmentalism problem, with weaknesses in coordination and planning

Perfil clínico, sociodemográfico e preditores de óbito em unidade de terapia intensiva

Objective: to identify the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients in an intensive care unit in the interior of Brazil and to characterize the deaths and their predictors. Method: cross-sectional study conducted from documentary analysis of medical records of a random sample of patients in intensive care. Data were collected between 2016 and 2018 using standardized instrument. Descriptive analysis performed comparing deaths and survivors. Multivariable regression was used to identify predictors of death. Results: considering the 259 patients analyzed, there were 231 deaths (89.2%). Among the deaths, female gender (55.4%), white race (75.3%) and low education (66.7%) predominated. The variables advanced age, heart failure, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were considered predictors of death. Conclusion: the characterization of patients seen in intensive care was evidenced, as well as the identification of subjects at higher risk of death, providing subsidies for the development of effective strategies to prevent death.Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva do interior do Brasil e caracterizar os óbitos e os seus fatores preditores. Método: estudo transversal realizado a partir da análise documental de prontuários de amostra aleatória de pacientes em cuidados intensivos. Foram coletados dados entre 2016 e 2018 utilizando instrumento padronizado. Análise descritiva realizada comparando óbitos e sobreviventes. Utilizou-se regressão multivariável para identificação dos preditores do óbito. Resultados: considerando os 259 pacientes analisados, ocorreram 231 mortes (89,2%). Entre os óbitos, predominaram o sexo feminino (55,4%), raça branca (75,3%) e baixa escolaridade (66,7%). As variáveis idade avançada, insuficiência cardíaca e infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana adquirida foram consideradas preditores do óbito. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a caracterização dos pacientes atendidos na terapia intensiva, assim como a identificação de sujeitos com maior risco de morte, fornecendo subsídios para a elaboração de estratégias efetivas de prevenção do óbito

Gender differences in drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems in a community sample in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate drinking patterns and gender differences in alcohol-related problems in a Brazilian population, with an emphasis on the frequency of heavy drinking. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probability adult household sample (n = 1,464) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Alcohol intake and ICD-10 psychopathology diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 1.1. The analyses focused on the prevalence and determinants of 12-month nonheavy drinking, heavy episodic drinking (4-5 drinks per occasion), and heavy and frequent drinking (heavy drinking at least 3 times/week), as well as associated alcohol-related problems according to drinking patterns and gender. RESULTS: Nearly 22% (32.4% women, 8.7% men) of the subjects were lifetime abstainers, 60.3% were non-heavy drinkers, and 17.5% reported heavy drinking in a 12-month period (26.3% men, 10.9% women). Subjects with the highest frequency of heavy drinking reported the most problems. Among subjects who did not engage in heavy drinking, men reported more problems than did women. A gender convergence in the amount of problems was observed when considering heavy drinking patterns. Heavy and frequent drinkers were twice as likely as abstainers to present lifetime depressive disorders. Lifetime nicotine dependence was associated with all drinking patterns. Heavy and frequent drinking was not restricted to young ages. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy and frequent episodic drinking was strongly associated with problems in a community sample from the largest city in Latin America. Prevention policies should target this drinking pattern, independent of age or gender. These findings warrant continued research on risky drinking behavior, particularly among persistent heavy drinkers at the non-dependent level

A Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul: trajetória, consolidação e desafios

The post-graduation in Regional Development in Brazil has presented, since the nineties of the twentieth century, a growing expansion in the country. The creation of new master's and doctorate courses has contributed to the training of teachers and researchers and to the production of new knowledge about the regional dynamics of development and its repercussions in different scales of the territory. The Postgraduate Program in Regional Development (PPGDR) at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul was a precursor and protagonist in this process. In its twenty-seven years of trajectory the PPGDR-UNISC besides providing the formation of new masters and doctors, also built its own identity in teaching, research and extension on the theme of development and regional planning, consolidating itself as one of the most important programs in the country in the area of Urban and Regional Planning-Demography, of CAPES. The article addresses the main aspects related to the creation and development of the Program, as well as the particularities of its curricular structure and interdisciplinary training. It also presents the general characteristics of the faculty, students and graduates, some of the actions of cooperation in research, internationalization and social insertion that underlie the recent development of the Program, and the new challenges to be faced in the coming Years. Keywords: Regional Development. University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Interdisciplinarity. Postgraduate Program in Regional Development.  University and Regional Development.El postgrado en Desarrollo Regional en Brasil ha presentado, desde la década de los noventa del siglo XX, una creciente expansión en el país. La creación de nuevos cursos de máster y doctorado ha contribuido a la formación de profesores e investigadores y a la producción de nuevos conocimientos sobre la dinámica regional del desarrollo y sus repercusiones en diferentes escalas del territorio. El Programa de Postgrado en Desarrollo Regional (PPGDR) de la Universidad de Santa Cruz do Sul fue precursor y protagonista de este proceso. En sus veintisiete años de trayectoria el PPGDR-UNISC además de proporcionar la formación de nuevos maestros y doctores, también construyó su propia identidad en la enseñanza, investigación y extensión en el tema del desarrollo y la planificación regional, consolidándose como uno de los programas más importantes del país en el área de Planificación Urbana y Regional-Demografía, de la CAPES. El artículo aborda los principales aspectos relacionados con la creación y el desarrollo del Programa, así como las particularidades de su estructura curricular y su formación interdisciplinar. También presenta las características generales del profesorado, de los estudiantes y de sus egresados, algunas de las acciones de cooperación en investigación, internacionalización e inserción social que subyacen en el desarrollo reciente del Programa, y los nuevos retos que habrá que afrontar en los próximos años.    Palabras clave:  Desarrollo regional. Universidad de Santa Cruz do Sul. Interdisciplinariedad. Programa de Postgrado en Desarrollo Regional.  Universidad y desarrollo regional.  A pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional no Brasil tem apresentado, desde os anos noventa do século XX, crescente expansão no país. A criação de novos cursos de mestrado e doutorado tem contribuído para a formação de docentes e pesquisadores e para a produção de novos conhecimentos sobre as dinâmicas regionais de desenvolvimento e suas repercussões em diferentes escalas do território. O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional (PPGDR), da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul foi precursor e protagonista nesse processo. Em seus vinte e sete anos de trajetória o PPGDR-UNISC além de proporcionar a formação de novos mestres e doutores, também construiu uma identidade própria no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão sobre a temática do desenvolvimento e do planejamento regional, se consolidando como um dos mais importantes Programas do país na área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional-Demografia, da CAPES. O artigo aborda os principais aspectos relativos à criação e ao desenvolvimento do Programa, bem como as particularidades da sua estrutura curricular e formação interdisciplinar. Também se apresentam as características gerais do corpo docente, discente e dos seus egressos, algumas das ações de cooperação em pesquisa, de internacionalização e de inserção social, que fundamentam o desenvolvimento recente do Programa, e os novos desafios a serem enfrentados nos próximos anos.  Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Regional. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. Interdisciplinaridade. Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional.  Universidade e Desenvolvimento Regional