Synchronization of Directory Services with the Event Propagation Framework

This case study introduces the most relevant directory service standard LDAP and the approach how to synchronize these directory services using the Event Propagation Framework (EPF) of iC Consult to establish a cooperate directory service as it is done at Daimler Chrysler

Mechanisms of jamming in the Nagel-Schreckenberg model for traffic flow

We study the Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model for traffic flow by both simulations and analytical techniques. To better understand the nature of the jamming transition, we analyze the fraction of stopped cars P(v=0) as a function of the mean car density. We present a simple argument that yields an estimate for the free density where jamming occurs, and show satisfying agreement with simulation results. We demonstrate that the fraction of jammed cars P(v∈{0,1}) can be decomposed into the three factors (jamming rate, jam lifetime, and jam size) for which we derive, from random walk arguments, exponents that control their scaling close to the critical density.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, Joint MIT-CNRS Laborator

Comparison of low-contrast detectability between uniform and anatomically realistic phantoms—influences on CT image quality assessment

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of anatomical phantom structure on task-based image quality assessment compared with a uniform phantom background. Methods: Two neck phantom types of identical shape were investigated: a uniform type containing 10-mm lesions with 4, 9, 18, 30, and 38 HU contrast to the surrounding area and an anatomically realistic type containing lesions of the same size and location with 10, 18, 30, and 38 HU contrast. Phantom images were acquired at two dose levels (CTDIvol of 1.4 and 5.6 mGy) and reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D (AIDR 3D). Detection accuracy was evaluated by seven radiologists in a 4-alternative forced choice experiment. Results: Anatomical phantom structure impaired lesion detection at all lesion contrasts (p < 0.01). Detectability in the anatomical phantom at 30 HU contrast was similar to 9 HU contrast in uniform images (91.1% vs. 89.5%). Detection accuracy decreased from 83.6% at 5.6 mGy to 55.4% at 1.4 mGy in uniform FBP images (p < 0.001), whereas AIDR 3D preserved detectability at 1.4 mGy (80.7% vs. 85% at 5.6 mGy, p = 0.375) and was superior to FBP (p < 0.001). In the assessment of anatomical images, superiority of AIDR 3D was not confirmed and dose reduction moderately affected detectability (74.6% vs. 68.2%, p = 0.027 for FBP and 81.1% vs. 73%, p = 0.018 for AIDR 3D). Conclusions: A lesion contrast increase from 9 to 30 HU is necessary for similar detectability in anatomical and uniform neck phantom images. Anatomical phantom structure influences task-based assessment of iterative reconstruction and dose effects

Das neue Landbedeckungsmodell Deutschlands LBM-DE

Für die Aufgaben und Zwecke des Bundes stellt das Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) in Frankfurt am Main das Digitale Landbedeckungsmodell für Deutschland „LBM-DE“ zur Verfügung. Die geometrische Grundlage des „LBM-DE2012“ ist das ATKIS® Basis-DLM der deutschen Landesvermessung. Unter thematischen Gesichtspunkten wurden Objekte aus den Bereichen Siedlung, Verkehr, Vegetation und Gewässer ausgewählt. Weiterhin finden aber auch Teile des „DLM-DE2009“ (Arnold et al. 2010; Hovenbitzer et al. 2011, 2014) Berücksichtigung. Das LBM-DE enthält neben den flächenhaften Informationen des Basis-DLM zusätzliche Angaben zur Landbedeckung und Landnutzung im Sinne der europäischen Nomenklatur von CORINE Land Cover (CLC) (EEA 2007). Die Aktualisierung des „LBM-DE“ erfolgte für das Stichjahr 2012 und umfasst die gesamte Ausdehnung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Als primäre Informationsquelle für die Überprüfung und Aktualisierung des „LBM-DE2012“ wurden multitemporale Satellitenbilddaten aus dem Referenzjahr 2012 herangezogen. Ergänzend erfolgte die Nutzung von digitalen Orthophotos (DOPs) und Copernicus-Produkten (IMAGE2012). Die Mindestkartierfläche beträgt ein Hektar. Ein Anwendungsziel des „LBM-DE2012“ ist die Ableitung der CLC2012-Daten für das Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Um diese Anforderung erfüllen zu können, wurden die im ATKIS® Basis-DLM vorhandenen Landbedeckungs- und Landnutzungsinformationen im Vorfeld der Aktualisierung in ein neues Klassensystem überführt, wobei die Landbedeckung (LB) und Landnutzung (LN) getrennt voneinander beschrieben werden. Diese Nomenklatur ermöglicht die eindeutige Ableitung von „CLC2012“ aus dem aktualisierten „LBM-DE2012“. Weiterhin wurde das Klassensystem so konzipiert, dass die Rückführung der Daten an die Landesvermessungsbehörden erfolgen kann. Der entstandene Datensatz „LBM-DE2012“ ist durch die getrennte Erfassung von LB und LN flexibel an unterschiedlichste Anforderungen anpassbar. Weiterhin handelt es sich um den homogenen, hochaufgelösten, flächendeckenden Landbedeckungsdatensatz für Deutschland, der dadurch für unterschiedlichste Anwender von Interesse sein kann

Dynamics of neuroinflammation in the macrosphere model of arterio-arterial embolic focal ischemia: an approximation to human stroke patterns

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuroinflammation evolves as a multi-facetted response to focal cerebral ischemia. It involves activation of resident glia cell populations, recruitment of blood-derived leucocytes as well as humoral responses. Among these processes, phagocyte accumulation has been suggested to be a surrogate marker of neuroinflammation. We previously assessed phagocyte accumulation in human stroke by MRI. We hypothesize that phagocyte accumulation in the macrosphere model may resemble the temporal and spatial patterns observed in human stroke.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a rat model of permanent focal ischemia by embolisation of TiO₂-spheres we assessed key features of post-ischemic neuroinflammation by the means of histology, immunocytochemistry of glial activation and influx of hematogeneous cells, and quantitative PCR of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-18, and iNOS mRNA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the boundary zone of the infarct, a transition of ramified microglia into ameboid phagocytic microglia was accompanied by an up-regulation of MHC class II on the cells after 3 days. By day 7, a hypercellular infiltrate consisting of activated microglia and phagocytic cells formed a thick rim around the ischemic infarct core. Interestingly, in the ischemic core microglia could only be observed at day 7. TNF-α was induced rapidly within hours, IL-1β and iNOS peaked within days, and IL-18 later at around 1 week after ischemia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The macrosphere model closely resembles the characteristical dynamics of postischemic inflammation previously observed in human stroke. We therefore suggest that the macrosphere model is highly appropriate for studying the pathophysiology of stroke in a translational approach from rodent to human.</p

A Novel Complex of Nucleoporins, Which Includes Sec13p and a Sec13p Homolog, Is Essential for Normal Nuclear Pores

AbstractIn a genetic screen for nucleoporin-interacting components, a novel nuclear pore protein Nup84p, which exhibits homology to mammalian Nup107p, was isolated. Nup84p forms a complex with five proteins, of which Nup120p, Nup85p, Sec13p, and a Sec13p homolog were identified. Upon isolation of Sec13p–ProtA, nucleoporins were still associated, but the major copurifying band was a 150 kDa protein, showing that Sec13p occurs in two complexes. Disruption of any of the genes encoding Nup84p, Nup85p, or Nup120p caused defects in nuclear membrane and nuclear pore complex organization, as well as in poly(A)+ RNA transport. Thus, the Nup84p complex in conjunction with Sec13-type proteins is required for correct nuclear pore biogenesis

Protective Behavior and West Nile Virus Risk

We conducted a cross-sectional, household survey in Oakville, Ontario, where an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 2002 led to an unprecedented number of cases of meningitis and encephalitis. Practicing >2 personal protective behavior traits reduced the risk for WNV infection by half

A generic algorithm for layout of biological networks

BackgroundBiological networks are widely used to represent processes in biological systems and to capture interactions and dependencies between biological entities. Their size and complexity is steadily increasing due to the ongoing growth of knowledge in the life sciences. To aid understanding of biological networks several algorithms for laying out and graphically representing networks and network analysis results have been developed. However, current algorithms are specialized to particular layout styles and therefore different algorithms are required for each kind of network and/or style of layout. This increases implementation effort and means that new algorithms must be developed for new layout styles. Furthermore, additional effort is necessary to compose different layout conventions in the same diagram. Also the user cannot usually customize the placement of nodes to tailor the layout to their particular need or task and there is little support for interactive network exploration.ResultsWe present a novel algorithm to visualize different biological networks and network analysis results in meaningful ways depending on network types and analysis outcome. Our method is based on constrained graph layout and we demonstrate how it can handle the drawing conventions used in biological networks.ConclusionThe presented algorithm offers the ability to produce many of the fundamental popular drawing styles while allowing the exibility of constraints to further tailor these layouts.publishe

The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are ∼226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (∼20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are ∼170,000 synonyms, that 58,000–72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000–741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7–1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 ± 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century