The logarithmic spiral, autoisoptic curve

In the Line of Investigation that in the department of “Technical Drawing” in the School of Agriculture Engineering of Madrid, we carry out on the study of The Technical Curves and his singularities, we demonstrate an interesting property of the Logarithmic Spiral. The demonstrated property consists of which the logarithmic spiral is a autoisoptic curve, that is to say that if from a point P anyone of the spiral tangent straight lines draw up to the previous arc, these form a constant angle α. This demonstration is novel and in addition we get to contribute a method to calculate the angle α given the equation of the spiral

Analysis Procedure of a Previous Planning Organization - The Area of the Seminary School of Corpus Christi in Valencia, Spain

The Seminary School of Corpus Christi is one of the most important buildings in the city of Valencia, Spain. The building has contributed with the University of Valencia to the urban transformation of the neighborhood in which they are located throughout its 4004-year history. In this study is proposed a five-phase methodology for the study of urban organization before its construction. We achieved to develop an original hypothesis of how seminary school block plots were organized through the study and analysis of their purchase contracts, which are dated between 1586 and 1601. It is interesting to note the plot acquisition sequence and its influence in the building construction process.Lerma Elvira, C.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Blasco García, V. (2013). Analysis Procedure of a Previous Planning Organization - The Area of the Seminary School of Corpus Christi in Valencia, Spain. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 7(2):135-152. doi:10.1080/15583058.2011.624252S13515272Fuentes, J. M. (2010). Methodological bases for documenting and reusing vernacular farm architecture. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11(2), 119-129. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2009.03.004Lourenço, P. B., Peña, F., & Amado, M. (2010). A Document Management System for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 5(1), 101-121. doi:10.1080/15583050903318382Morrish, S. W., & Laefer, D. F. (2010). Web-Enabling of Architectural Heritage Inventories. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 4(1), 16-37. doi:10.1080/15583050902731056Radford, A. (2010). Urban design, ethics and responsive cohesion. Building Research & Information, 38(4), 379-389. doi:10.1080/09613218.2010.48143

Variable threshold of trigeminal cold-thermosensitive neurons is determined by a balance between TRPM8 and Kv1 potassium channels

Molecular determinants of threshold differences among cold thermoreceptors are unknown. Here we show that such differences correlate with the relative expression of IKD, a current dependent on Shaker-like Kv1 channels that acts as an excitability brake, and ITRPM8, a cold-activated excitatory current. Neurons responding to small temperature changes have high functional expression of TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8) and low expression of IKD. In contrast, neurons activated by lower temperatures have a lower expression of TRPM8 and a prominent IKD. Otherwise, both subpopulations have nearly identical membrane and firing properties, suggesting that they belong to the same neuronal pool. Blockade of IKD shins the threshold of cold-sensitive neurons to higher temperatures and augments cold-evoked nocifensive responses in mice. Similar behavioral effects of IKD blockade were observed in TRPA1-/- mice. Moreover, only a small percentage of trigeminal cold-sensitive neurons were activated by TRPA1 agonists, suggesting that TRPA1 does not play a major role in the detection of low temperatures by uninjured somatic cold-specific thermosensory neurons under physiological conditions. Collectively, these findings suggest that innocuous cooling sensations and cold discomfort are signaled by specific low- and high-threshold cold thermoreceptor neurons, differing primarily in their relative expression of two ion channels having antagonistic effects on neuronal excitability. Thus, although TRPM8 appears to function as a critical cold sensor in the majority of peripheral sensory neurons, the expression of Kv1 channels in the same terminals seem to play an important role in the peripheral gating of cold-evoked discomfort and pain. Copyright © 2009 Society for Neuroscience.This work was supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science: Projects BFU2007-61855 to F.V., and BFU2005-08741 and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00023 to C.B., and the Spanish Fundación Marcelino BotínPeer Reviewe

Proyecto de construcción de 10 viviendas, local comercial y 2 sotanos. c/Nueva, 4. Cuellar (Segovia).

El objetivo de este proyecto es la elaboración y desarrollo de un proyecto de construcción de un edificio plurifamiliar de 10 viviendas, local comercial y 2 sótanos, situado en la localidad de Cuéllar (Segovia). La edificación consta de dos plantas sótanos; en planta “Sótano 2” se ubica 5 plazas de garaje, los trasteros asignados a cada vivienda y cuarto de máquinas de montacargas y maquinaria del ascensor, y en planta “Sótano 1” se ubican otras 5 plazas de garaje, el cuarto de instalaciones eléctricas y el almacén del local sin uso previsto. La planta baja está constituida por un portal de acceso, cuarto de basuras, cuarto destinado a instalaciones de fontanería, una sala de reuniones por la cual se accede a un área comunitaria ajardinada y un local sin uso previsto. A continuación se disponen el resto de plantas de viviendas organizadas en torno a la escalera. En total hay cuatro plantas de viviendas. En la planta primera y segunda hay en cada una de ellas dos viviendas y un apartamento. En la planta tercera y cuarto hay dos viviendas y dos apartamentos tipo dúplex

Rendimiento físico durante la pretemporada en fútbol femenino. Composición corporal, frecuencia cardíaca y biomarcadores, ¿son importantes?

[EN] A well-designed football pre-season is crucial for the subsequent physical performance of the players. This study aimed to analyse, in this period, the effects of body composition, heart rate variability and physiological biomarkers on female football players’ physical performance. To this end, 22 amateur female football players (23.68 ± 3.69 years) of the same team participated in the study. Physical performance factors (acceleration capacity and jumping ability), body composition, perceived exertion load, heart rate variability and some physiological biomarkers (salivary testosterone and cortisol) were evaluated weekly during a 5-week pre-season period (from T0 to T5). Wilks’ Lambda indicated a significant F-value in all variables except the high and low heart frequency ratio (LFtoHF). Scheffe’s post-hoc identified differences between T0 and all weeks in anthropometry variables, and between T0 and T5 in all other variables. According to the regression analyses, it was revealed a negative impact between percentage of body fat and physical capacities, particularly with 20-m (-13.77) and 40-m (-14.46) when the exertion is measured by the logarithm of the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD). Therefore, the present research suggests that amateur female football players who start the training season with a lower body fat percentage are able to achieve a better fitness level in a short period of time.[ES] Una pretemporada de fútbol bien diseñada es fundamental para el posterior rendimiento físico del jugador. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, en este período, los efectos de composición corporal, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y biomarcadores fisiológicos en el rendimiento físico en jugadoras de fútbol. Para ello, participaron en el estudio 22 jugadoras amateur (23,68 ± 3,69 años) del mismo equipo. La capacidad de aceleración y de salto, la composición corporal, la carga de esfuerzo percibida, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y los niveles de testosterona y cortisol se evaluaron semanalmente durante un período de pretemporada de 5 semanas (de T0 a T5). Lambda de Wilks indicó un valor F significativo en todas las variables excepto el índice de frecuencia cardíaca alta y baja (LF-HF). El post-hoc de Scheffe identificó diferencias entre T0 y todas las semanas en variables antropométricas, y entre T0 y T5 en todas las demás variables. De acuerdo con los análisis de regresión, se reveló un impacto negativo entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y las capacidades físicas, particularmente con 20 m (-13,77) y 40 m (-14,46) cuando el esfuerzo se mide por el logaritmo de la raíz cuadrada de la media de la diferencia al cuadrado entre latidos adyacentes (RMSSD). Por lo tanto, la presente investigación sugiere que las jugadoras de fútbol amateur que comienzan la temporada de entrenamiento con un porcentaje de grasa corporal más bajo pueden lograr un mejor nivel de condición física en un corto período de tiempo.S

Structural Flexural Bending Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Joist with Corrosion

[EN] The number of situations where it is necessary to intervene in existing structures is increasing. In Spain, rehabilitation and maintenance of buildings accounts for 30% of the activity of the construction sector and it is growing. This paper evaluates the residual safety of T prestressed joists with severe corrosion at the lower reinforcement. The reliability is assessed with the application of the ACI-318 load test. It is demonstrated that there is sufficient safety in cases of corroded prestressed joists. At any rate, it¿s recommended to make a light repair under the damaged joists.Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Gil Benso, E.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Lerma Elvira, C. (2013). Structural Flexural Bending Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Joist with Corrosion. Advanced Materials Research. 790-793. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.671-674.790S790793Concrete Spanish Group (GEHO): Survey pathology of concrete structures, edited by GEHO Bulletin Vol 10, Madrid (1992).A.F. Barbosa and G.O. Ribeiro: Analysis of reinforced concrete structures using Ansys nonlinear concrete model. Computational Mechanics Vol. 1 n. 8 (1998), pp.1-7.P. Fanning: Nonlinear models of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 2 (2001), pp.111-119.D. Coronelli and P. Gambarova: Structural assessment of corroded reinforced concrete beams: modeling guidelines. Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 130 n. 8 (2004), pp.1214-1224.J. Vercher: Safety residual forged in severe corrosion. PhD. Department of Architectural Constructions. Polytechnic University of Valencia (2013).T. Tavio and A. Tata: Predicting nonlinear behavior and stress-strain relationship of rectangular confined reinforced concrete columns with Ansys. Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 11 (2009).American Concrete Institute (ACI): Building Code Requeriments for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary. Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures. Michigan, USA (2008).Prevalesa SL: Technical specifications - as EHE-08 - the slab of prestressed beams DITECO T12 model. Valencia, Spain (2008).Ministry of Housing: Technical Building Code (CTE), edited by Gazette, Madrid (2006)

Methodology for Thermal Behaviour Assessment of Homogeneous Façades in Heritage Buildings

[EN] It is fundamental to study the thermal behaviour in all architectural constructions throughout their useful life, in order to detect early deterioration ensuring durability, in addition to achieving and maintaining the interior comfort with the minimum energy consumption possible. This research has developed a methodology to assess the thermal behaviour of facades in heritage buildings. This paper presents methodology validation and verification (V & V) through a laboratory experiment. Guidelines and conclusions are extracted with the employment of three techniques in this experiment (thermal sensors, thermal imaging camera, and 3D thermal simulation in finite element software). A small portion of a homogeneous facade has been reproduced with indoor and outdoor thermal conditions. A closed chamber was constructed with wood panels and thermal insulation, leaving only one face exposed to the outside conditions, with a heat source inside the chamber that induces a temperature gradient in the wall. With this methodology, it is possible to better understand the thermal behaviour of the facade and to detect possible damage with the calibration and comparison of the results obtained by the experimental and theoretical techniques. This methodology can be extrapolated to the analysis of the thermal behaviour of facades in heritage buildings, usually made up of homogeneous material.Gil Benso, E.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Mas Tomas, MDLA. (2017). Methodology for Thermal Behaviour Assessment of Homogeneous Façades in Heritage Buildings. Journal of Sensors. 1-13. doi:10.1155/2017/3280691S11

Las reformas matrimoniales de 2015: una aproximación inicial

El presente trabajo trata sobre los cambios que la promulgación de la Ley 15/2015 de Jurisdicción Voluntaria ha introducido en parte del articulado del Código Civil. Concretamente, esta aproximación se va a referir a algunos de los preceptos relativos al matrimonio que se han visto modificados a consecuencia de dicha publicación

Contribution of green roofs to energy savings in building renovations

[EN] Reversing the consequences of climate change and achieving more resilient societies involves reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption, especially in sectors as important as construction. Green roofs, due to their particularities, imply a series of benefits, among which energy saving stands out. This implies a reduction in the consumption of resources and in CO2 emissions, more evident in the case of the refurbishment of buildings. A comparison is proposed between the energy savings obtained by renovating only the roof and renovating the entire thermal envelope. This is done with three roof construction systems (including two green roofs) and in 6 Spanish cities that represent different climatic zones. The novelties provided by this research are based on the comparison of both renovation cases to obtain the influence of the roof with respect to the thermal improvement of the envelope. The energy savings obtained by renovating the roof are very similar in all cities, but after renovating the entire envelope, the savings increase as the climate gets colder.Determining themost influential variables in these savings, as well as the influence of the roof, allows choosing the most appropriate construction techniques to optimize the energy renovation of existing buildings.Fundingforopenaccesscharge:CRUE-UniversitatPolitècnicadeValència.Garcia-Borràs, J.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Vercher Sanchis, J.; Gil Benso, E. (2022). Contribution of green roofs to energy savings in building renovations. Energy for Sustainable Development. 71:212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.09.0202122217