Array size and area impact on nanorectenna performance properties

The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes have high speed and compatibility with integrated circuits (IC's) making MIM diodes very attractive to detect and harvest energy for infrared (IR) regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to the fact that small size of the MIM diodes, it is possible to obtain large volume of devices in same unit area. Hence, MIM diodes offer a feasible solution for nanorectennas (nano rectifiying antenna) in IR regime. The aim of this study is to design and develop MIM diodes as array format coupled with antennas for energy harvesting and IR detection. Moreover, varying number of elements which are 4x4, and 40x30 has been fabricated in parallel having 0.040, 0.065 and 0.080 μm2 diode area. For this work we have studied given type of material; Ti-HfO2-Ni, is used for fabricating MIM diodes as a part of rectenna. The effect of the diode array size is investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the array size is also investigated for larger arrays by applying given type of material set; Cr-HfO2-Ni. The fabrication processes in physical vapor deposition (PVD) systems for the MIM diodes resulted in the devices having high non-linearity and responsivity. Also, to achieve uniform and very thin insulator layer atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used. The nonlinearity 1.5 mA/V2 and responsivity 3 A/W are achieved for Ti-HfO2-Ni MIM diodes under low applied bias of 400 mV. The responsivity and nonlinearity of Cr-HfO2-Ni are found to be 5 A/W and 65 μA/V2, respectively. The current level of Cr-HfO2-Ni and Ti-HfO2-Ni is around μA range therefore corresponding resistance values are in 1-10 kΩ range. The comparison of single and 4x4 elements revealed that 4x4 elements have higher current level hence lower resistance value is obtained for 4x4 elements. The array size is 40x30 elements for Cr-HfO2-Ni type of MIM diodes with 40, 65 nm2 diode areas. By increasing the diode area, the current level increases for same size of array. The current level is increased from10 μA to100 μA with increasing the diode area. Therefore resistance decreased in the range of 10 kΩ and nonlinearity is increased from 58 μA/V2 to 65 μA/V2

Highly efficient MIM diodes for NIR and SWIR applications

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes are highly considered in high frequency applications in form of rectennas for energy harvesting applications due to their fast speed, small size, and ease of fabrication and IC compatibility. In these diodes, insulators are integral part of the device, determining performance parameters. In this study, we have evaluated HfO2 and Al2O3 based MIM diode structures to compare and determine performance parameters, with conversion efficiency being prioritized. The fabrication processes in physical vapor deposition (PVD) systems for the MIM diodes resulted in the devices having high non-linearity and responsivity. Also, to achieve uniform and very thin insulator layer atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used. We implemented the same MIM structure in 10x10 array form, with active area of 200×325 nm2. The efficiency values of same arrays tested with 1200 and 1600 nm wavelength LEDs for 200×325 nm2 diode active area without applying bias. The conversion efficiency value of the HfO2 based structures calculated as 5% for 1200 nm wavelength. These measured values of conversion efficiency are reported for the first time in the literature for MIM diodes in SWIR operation

Foramen Magnum Decompression and Duraplasty is Superior to Only Foramen Magnum Decompression in Chiari Malformation Type 1 Associated with Syringomyelia in Adults

Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.PurposeTo compare surgical results of foramen magnum decompression with and without duraplasty in Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) associated syringomyelia (SM).Overview of LiteratureThe optimal surgical treatment of CM-1 associated with SM is unclear.MethodsTwenty-five cases of CM-1 with SM were included. There were 12 patients (48%) in the non-duraplasty group and 13 patients (52%) in the duraplasty group. The rate of improvement, state of postoperative SM size, amount of tonsillar herniation, preoperative symptom duration, complications and reoperation rates were analysed.ResultsThe rate of clinical improvement was significantly higher with duraplasty (84.6%) than without (33.3%, p <0.05). The rate of postoperative syrinx regression was significantly higher in the duraplasty group (84.6%) than in the non-duraplasty group (33.3%, p <0.05). One case in the duraplasty group needed a reoperation compared with five cases in the non-duraplasty group (p =0.059).ConclusionsDuraplasty is superior to non-duraplasty in CM-1 associated with SM despite a slightly higher complication rate

A low-power CMOS readout IC design for bolometer applications

A prototype of a readout IC (ROIC) designed for use in high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) SiGe microbolometers is presented. The prototype ROIC architecture implemented is based on a bridge with active and blind bolometer pixels with a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) input stage and column parallel integration with serial readout. The ROIC is designed for use in high (≥ 4 %/K) TCR and high detector resistance Si/SiGe microbolometers with 17x17 μm2 pixel sizes in development. The prototype has been designed and fabricated in 0.25- μm SiGe:C BiCMOS process

Crizotinib efficacy and safety in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring MET alterations: A real-life data of Turkish Oncology Group

Crizotinib is a multikinase inhibitor, effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mesenchymal-epidermal transition (MET) alterations. Although small prospective studies showed efficacy and safety of crizotinib in NSCLC with MET alterations, there is limited real-life data. Aim of this study is to investigate real-life efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring MET alterations. This was a retrospective, multicenter (17 centers) study of Turkish Oncology Group. Patients' demographic, histological data, treatment, response rates, survival outcomes, and toxicity data were collected. Outcomes were presented for the study population and compared between MET alteration types. Total of 62 patients were included with a median age of 58.5 (range, 26-78). Major histological type was adenocarcinoma, and 3 patients (4.8%) had sarcomatoid component. The most common MET analyzing method was next generation sequencing (90.3%). MET amplification and mutation frequencies were 53.2% (n = 33) and 46.8% (n = 29), respectively. Overall response rate and disease control rate were 56.5% and 74.2% in whole study population, respectively. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-10.5), and median overall survival (OS) was 18.7 months (95% CI: 13.7-23.7), regardless of treatment line. Median PFS was 6.1 months (95% CI: 5.6-6.4) for patients with MET amplification, whereas 14.3 months (95% CI: 6.7-21.7) for patients with MET mutation (P = .217). Median PFS was significantly longer in patients who have never smoked (P = .040), have good performance score (P < .001), and responded to the treatment (P < .001). OS was significantly longer in patients with MET mutation (25.6 months, 95% CI: 15.9-35.3) compared to the patients with MET amplification (11.0 months; 95% CI: 5.2-16.8) (P = .049). In never-smokers, median OS was longer than smoker patients (25.6 months [95% CI: 11.8-39.3] vs 16.5 months [95% CI: 9.3-23.6]; P = .049). The most common adverse effects were fatigue (50%), peripheral edema (21%), nausea (29%) and diarrhea (19.4%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects were observed in 6.5% of the patients. This real-life data confirms efficacy and safety of crizotinib in the treatment of advanced NSCLC harboring MET alteration

Examination of classroom teachers' views on museum education according to various variables

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin müze eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini, 2012-2013 eğitim- öğretim yılı II. dönemi ve 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılı I. döneminde Konya merkez ilçelerindeki (Karatay, Meram, Selçuklu) ilkokullarda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışma evreninin geniş olması sebebiyle, Konya ili merkez ilçelerindeki ilkokullardan küme örneklemesi yoluyla örneklem alınmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin müze eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesine yönelik üçlü likert tipli ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek, uzmanların yardımına başvurularak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş olup iki kere uygulanmıştır. İlk uygulama, 185 sınıf öğretmeni üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik testleri yapılmış olan ölçek, ikinci uygulamada 266 sınıf öğretmenine uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde, sınıf öğretmenlerinin "Müzelerin Eğitime Etkisi", "Müzelerin Kişisel Gelişime Etkisi" alt boyutları ve "Müzeler ve Müzelerde Eğitim" ölçeğinin tamamına ilişkin görüşlerinin "kısmen" katılım düzeyinde olduğu, "Müzelerde Eğitim Alanında Oluşan Beklentiler" alt boyutuna ilişkin görüşlerinin ise "evet" katılım düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin cinsiyetlerine, yaşlarına, mezun oldukları okul türüne, okuttukları sınıf düzeyine ve medeni duruma göre; "Müzelerin Eğitime Etkisi", "Müzelerde Eğitim Alanında Oluşan Beklentiler", "Müzelerin Kişisel Gelişime Etkisi" alt boyutları puanları ve "Müzeler ve Müzelerde Eğitim" ölçeğinin toplam puanları arasındaki farkın anlamlı olmadığı görülmektedir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin müze eğitimine ilişkin görüşleri arasında mesleki kıdemlerine göre ise; "Müzelerin Eğitime Etkisi" puanları arasında mesleki kıdemi düşük olan sınıf öğretmenlerinin lehine anlamlı fark olduğu, fakat " Müzelerde Eğitim Alanında Oluşan Beklentiler", "Müzelerin Kişisel Gelişime Etkisi" alt boyut puanları ve "Müzeler ve Müzelerde Eğitim" ölçeğinin toplam puanları arasında mesleki kıdeme göre anlamlı farklılıkların olmadığı görülmektedir.The main purpose of this study is to examine classroom teachers' views on museum education according to various variables. The study universe is made up of classroom teachers who had been working at Konya's central districts (Karatay, Meram, Selçuklu) during the second semester of 2012-2013 academic year and first semester of 2013-2014 academic year. Since the universe was too big, the a study sample was selected from the elementary schools of Konya's central districts using cluster sampling method. A three point likert scale titled "Museums and Education in Museums", was developed for the purpose of examining classroom teachers' views on museum education. Getting help from experts during the developmental stage, the scale was developed by the researcher and administered twice. The scale was administered to 185 classroom teachers first. After passing the validity and reliability tests, the scale was later administered to 266 classroom teachers. Relational survey model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. When the study findings are examined, it is seen that classroom teachers' views are at the "partially" level in the scale's "The Effect of Museums on Education" and "The Effect of Museums of Personal Development" sub-dimensions and in the scale's total, whereas classroom teachers' views are at the "yes" level in the scale's "Expectations in Museums about Education" sub-dimension. It is also seen that there are significant differences between the scale's "The Effect of Museums on Education", "Expectations in Museums about Education" and "The Effect of Museums of Personal Development" sub-dimension scores and the scale's total scores according to classroom teachers' sex, age, type of school where they have graduated from, the class level they teach and their marital status. When classroom teachers' views on museum education is examined according to professional seniority, while there is a significant difference in favor of teachers with less seniority between the "The Effect of Museums on Education" sub-dimension scores, there are no significant differences between the "Expectations in Museums about Education" and "The Effect of Museums of Personal Development" sub-dimension scores and the scale's total scores according to professional seniority

Mesire Concept In İstanbul And Analysis Of The Transformation Processes The Mesire Areas Go Through: Kağithane As The Case Study Area

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2009Çok katmanlı bir yapıya sahip olan İstanbul kentinde, farklı zaman dilimlerinde farklı birçok kültürün katkıda bulunduğu kentsel bir çevre mevcuttur. Kentsel çevrede ve kamusal mekanlarda yer alan katmanlar; kent için; önemli bir altlık, değişik potansiyeller, çeşitlilik ve çoğulculuk ortamı oluşturmakta ve aynı zamanda tarihi bir değer taşıyan kentsel bir hafıza sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı tarihi mesire alanlarının sahip oldukları potansiyellere rağmen bu alanların korunmasında ve kente dahil edilmesinde sorunlar yaşandığını saptamak ve bu sorunları irdelemektir. Çalışmada ortaya konan hipotez ise şudur: İstanbul kentindeki tarihi mesirelerin birer kültürel miras bileşeni olarak algılanmamış ve mesire alanları orijinal nitelikleri korunduğu sürdürülebilir bir anlayışla günümüze taşınamamıştır. Hipotezin, araştırma alanı olarak belirlenmiş olan Kağıthane mesiresi üzerinden gerçekleştirilen saptamalar yoluyla kanıtlanması hedeflenmektedir. Kağıthane örneklem alanı üzerinde gerçekleştirilen bu karşılaştırma yoluyla araştırma grubunu oluşturan tarihi İstanbul mesire alanlarına yönelik genel sonuçlar ve çözümler sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda İstanbul kentinde bulunan mesire alanlarının niteliksel ve niceliksel kayıplara uğrayarak sürdürebilir bir anlayışla korunmadıkları ve orijinal karakterlerini yitirdikleri saptanmıştır. Kent için önemli birer kültürel peyzaj alanı olan bu alanların korunması için daha detaylı koruma önlemleri alıp daha detaylı planlama politikaları gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Multi-layered structure of İstanbul’s urban environment, is a product created by diverse cultures’ contributions made in various time periods. Layers, present in the public spaces, create a base foundation for urban layout, make it possible for the city to benefit from pluralism and diversity, and a large number of design alternatives. The main goal of this study is; to state that historical mesire areas are experiencing problems about conservation and isolated from current city structure neglecting the potentials these areas are able to offer, and to explicate the problems about these areas. The hypothesis that is put forth in this study is as follows: Historical mesire areas of İstanbul city are valued merely as open areas, not as important elements of cultural heritage, and the original characteristics of mesire areas have not been perpetuated through the agency of sustainable conceptions. Within this study it is aimed to prove the formerly stated hypothesis on the basis of the data achieved as a result of the study realized in Kağıthane case study area. Lastly the conclusion; stating that the historical İstanbul mesire areas have lost their original characters as a result of insuffiecient preservation policies and are suffering form qualitive and quantitive losses, is brought up. The need of defining extensive planning and protection policies regarding the mesire areas is a proposal made by this study.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

İki amaçlı hiyerarşik beceri seviyelerine sahip çok-becerili proje çizelgeleme problemi için genetik bir algoritma.

In Multi-Skill Project Scheduling Problem (MSPSP) with hierarchical levels of skills, there are more than one skill type and for each skill type there are levels corresponding to proficiencies in that skill. The purpose of the problem is to minimize or maximize an objective by assigning resources with different kinds of skills and skill levels to the project activities according to the activity requirements while satisfying the other problem dependent constraints. Although single-objective case of the problem has been studied by a few researchers, biobjective case has not been studied yet. In this study, two objectives, which are the makespan and the total skill wasted, are taken into account and while trying to minimize the makespan, minimizing the total skills wasted is aimed. By the second objective, overqualification for the jobs is tried to be minimized in order to prevent job dissatisfaction. The biobjective problem is solved using a Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm, NSGA-II. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the GAMS results for small-sized problems and with the random search for larger problem sizes.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Diabete bağlı kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda tiroid fonksiyonları

TEZ902Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1991.Kaynakça (s. 47-54) var.54 s. ; 30 cm.

The effect of interactive listening education on listening skills of 4th grade students

Bu çalışmada etkileşimli dinleme eğitiminin 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin dinleme becerilerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma Zonguldak ili Devrek ilçesine bağlı Çaydeğirmeni TOKİ ilkokulunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ön test son test gruplu yarı deneysel model uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grupları rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubuna etkileşimli dinleme eğitimi ve uygulamalı etkinlikler araştırmacı tarafından verilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı müfredatı Türkçe ders kitabında yer alan dinleme etkinlikleri sınıf öğretmeni tarafından uygulanmıştır. Araştırma 8 hafta sürmüştür. Araştırma 1 hafta ön testlerin uygulaması, 1 hafta etkileşimli dinleme eğitiminin anlatılması, 5 hafta deney grubuna etkileşimli dinleme etkinliklerinin uygulanması ve 1 hafta son testlerin uygulanması şeklinde devam etmiştir. Araştırmada uygulama haftada ikişer seans, 2 ders saati olmak üzere toplam 20 ders saati sürmüştür. Uygulama 10 metin kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Uygulama sürecinde öğrencilerin dinleme becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla ön test ve son test soruları hazırlanmıştır. Ön test ve son test sorularının hazırlanmasında uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Uygulanan ön test ve son testler puanlama rubriğine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Veri sayısı yeterli olmadığından Shapiro-Wilk normallik testi kullanılmıştır. Parametrik varsayımlar sağlanmadığından bağımsız gruplarda Mann Wnitney U testi, bağımlı gruplarda ise Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda etkileşimli dinleme eğitiminin dinleme becerileri üzerine olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the effect of interactive listening skills on 4th grade students' listening skills was examined. The study was carried out in Çaydeğirmeni TOKİ primary school in Devrek district of Zonguldak province. In the research, a quasi-experimental model with pre-test and post-test groups was used. Experimental and control groups were formed by random sampling method. Interactive listening training and applied activities were given to the experimental group by the researcher. The listening activities in the Turkish textbook of the Ministry of National Education curriculum were applied to the control group by the classroom teacher. The research lasted 8 weeks. The research continued in the form of pre tests for 1 week, explaining interactive listening training for 1 week, applying interactive listening activities to the experimental group for 5 weeks, and applying post-tests for 1 week. In the research, the application lasted for a total of 20 lesson hours, two sessions per week and 2 lesson hours. The application was made using 10 texts. During the application process, pre-test and post-test questions were prepared in order to measure the listening skills of the students. The pre-test and post-tests applied were evaluated according to the scoring rubric. Since the number of data was not sufficient, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used. Since parametric assumptions were not provided, Mann-Wnitney U test was used in independent groups and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used in dependent groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that interactive listening training had a positive effect on listening skills