77 research outputs found
Online dispute resolution: an artificial intelligence perspective
Litigation in court is still the main dispute resolution mode. However, given the amount
and characteristics of the new disputes, mostly arising out of electronic contracting, courts are
becoming slower and outdated. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) recently emerged as a set of
tools and techniques, supported by technology, aimed at facilitating conflict resolution. In this
paper we present a critical evaluation on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques in
ODR. In order to fulfill this goal, we analyze a set of commercial providers (in this case twenty
four) and some research projects (in this circumstance six). Supported by the results so far
achieved, a new approach to deal with the problem of ODR is proposed, in which we take on some
of the problems identified in the current state of the art in linking ODR and AI.The work described in this paper is included in TIARAC - Telematics and
Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Conflict Resolution Project (PTDC/JUR/71354/2006), which
is a research project supported by FCT (Science & Technology Foundation), Portugal. The work
of Davide Carneiro is also supported by a doctoral grant by FCT (SFRH/BD/64890/2009).Acknowledgments. The work described in this paper is included in TIARAC - Telematics and Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Conflict Resolution Project (PTDC/JUR/71354/2006), which is a research project supported by FCT (Science & Technology Foundation), Portugal. The work of Davide Carneiro is also supported by a doctoral grant by FCT (SFRH/BD/64890/2009)
A multi-disciplinary perspective on emergent and future innovations in peer review [version 2; referees: 2 approved]
Peer review of research articles is a core part of our scholarly communication system. In spite of its importance, the status and purpose of peer review is often contested. What is its role in our modern digital research and communications infrastructure? Does it perform to the high standards with which it is generally regarded? Studies of peer review have shown that it is prone to bias and abuse in numerous dimensions, frequently unreliable, and can fail to detect even fraudulent research. With the advent of web technologies, we are now witnessing a phase of innovation and experimentation in our approaches to peer review. These developments prompted us to examine emerging models of peer review from a range of disciplines and venues, and to ask how they might address some of the issues with our current systems of peer review. We examine the functionality of a range of social Web platforms, and compare these with the traits underlying a viable peer review system: quality control, quantified performance metrics as engagement incentives, and certification and reputation. Ideally, any new systems will demonstrate that they out-perform and reduce the biases of existing models as much as possible. We conclude that there is considerable scope for new peer review initiatives to be developed, each with their own potential issues and advantages. We also propose a novel hybrid platform model that could, at least partially, resolve many of the socio-technical issues associated with peer review, and potentially disrupt the entire scholarly communication system. Success for any such development relies on reaching a critical threshold of research community engagement with both the process and the platform, and therefore cannot be achieved without a significant change of incentives in research environments
Defining International Law Librarianship in an Age of Multiplicity, Knowledge, and Open Access to Law
A multi-disciplinary perspective on emergent and future innovations in peer review
Peer review of research articles is a core part of our scholarly communication system. In spite of its importance, the status and purpose of peer review is often contested. What is its role in our modern digital research and communications infrastructure? Does it perform to the high standards with which it is generally regarded? Studies of peer review have shown that it is prone to bias and abuse in numerous dimensions, frequently unreliable, and can fail to detect even fraudulent research. With the advent of web technologies, we are now witnessing a phase of innovation and experimentation in our approaches to peer review. These developments prompted us to examine emerging models of peer review from a range of disciplines and venues, and to ask how they might address some of the issues with our current systems of peer review. We examine the functionality of a range of social Web platforms, and compare these with the traits underlying a viable peer review system: quality control, quantified performance metrics as engagement incentives, and certification and reputation. Ideally, any new systems will demonstrate that they out-perform and reduce the biases of existing models as much as possible. We conclude that there is considerable scope for new peer review initiatives to be developed, each with their own potential issues and advantages. We also propose a novel hybrid platform model that could, at least partially, resolve many of the socio-technical issues associated with peer review, and potentially disrupt the entire scholarly communication system. Success for any such development relies on reaching a critical threshold of research community engagement with both the process and the platform, and therefore cannot be achieved without a significant change of incentives in research environments
The Use of Online Dispute Resolution under the United Nations Dispute Resolution Framework
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