How the Psychology of Education Contributes to Research With a Social Impact on the Education of Students With Special Needs: The Case of Successful Educational Actions

One current challenge in the psychology of education is identifying the teaching strategies and learning contexts that best contribute to the learning of all students, especially those whose individual characteristics make their learning process more difficult, as is the case for students with special needs. One main theory in the psychology of education is the sociocultural approach to learning, which highlights the key role of interaction in children's learning. In the case of students with disabilities, this interactive understanding of learning is aligned with a social model of disability, which looks beyond individual students' limitations or potentialities and focuses on contextual aspects that can enhance their learning experience and results. In recent years, the interactive view of learning based on this theory has led to the development of educational actions, such as interactive groups and dialogic literary gatherings, that have improved the learning results of diverse children, including those with disabilities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social impact achieved by a line of research that has explored the benefits of such successful educational actions for the education of students with special needs. National and European research projects based on the communicative methodology of research have been conducted. This methodology entails drawing on egalitarian dialogue with the end-users of research - including teachers, students with and without disabilities, students' relatives and other community members - to allow an intersubjective creation of knowledge that enables a deeper and more accurate understanding of the studied reality and its transformative potential. This line of research first allowed the identification of the benefits of interactive learning environments for students with disabilities educated in mainstream schools; later, it allowed the spreading of these actions to a greater number of mainstream schools; and more recently, it made it possible to transfer these actions to special schools and use these actions to create shared learning spaces between mainstream and special schools. The improvement of the educational opportunities for a greater number and greater diversity of students with special needs evidences the social impact of research based on key contributions of the psychology of education

'Your Friends do Matter': Peer Group Talk in Adolescence Gender and Violence

Research on gender violence has identified as one main component leading to gender violence a dominant socialization process which associates attractiveness to men who show violent behaviors and attitudes, while egalitarian and non-violent men are emptied of attractiveness. This is known as coercive dominant discourse. Starting from the evidence that the peer group is a main context of socialization in adolescence, quantitative data were collected from six classes of secondary education (14-15-year-old adolescents) to explore whether the coercive dominant discourse is displayed in social interactions in the peer group and, if so, how it influences attractiveness patterns and sexual-affective behavior in adolescence. The analyses reveal that the coercive dominant discourse is often reproduced in the peer group interactions, creating group pressure, and pushing some girls to violent relationships. Alternative ways of interaction are also reported, which allow a socialization leading to more freedom, less coercion, and more healthy relationships

Effect of grain size distribution on california bearing ratio (CBR) and modified proctor parameters for granular materials

The California bearing ratio (CBR) and modified proctor parameters (maximum dry unit weight γd(max)γd(max) and optimum moisture content woptwopt) are valuable indicators of the compaction quality of subgrades, embankments and granular fills. In the engineering practice, correlations of these variables with granulometric properties of the soil are required, especially since testing for these variables can be time-consuming when a large number of samples are analyzed. In this work, 20 different granular materials with varying grain size distributions were prepared and tested. Their grain size distribution properties and their parameters CBR, γd(max)γd(max) and woptwopt were determined. These results were analyzed along with a compilation of 77 additional experimental results on granular materials reported in the literature. The influence of some granulometric properties on the parameters CBR, γd(max)γd(max) and woptwopt was statistically examined, and some correlations were proposed for these variables. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the proposed correlations show better accuracy tother reported correlations in the literature. Finally, this work ends with some concluding remarks

Estudio y aplicación de redes convolucionales a la clasificación de imágenes estáticas

La visión computacional es una de las áreas que ha avanzado más rápidamente en los últimos años gracias al Aprendizaje Profundo. En este proyecto se aborda uno de sus problemas centrales: la clasificación de imágenes estáticas. En particular, se plantea un estudio de la aplicación de las redes convolucionales en este reto, puesto que es la técnica más usada para ello, de acuerdo con la bibliografía actual sobre este tema. De este modo, no simplemente se profundiza en los fundamentos teóricos, sino que se hace uso del framework keras y de la librería tensorflow para construir estos modelos. Cabe destacar la oportunidad que se ha tenido de efectuar este estudio sobre un problema real, la detección de patologías a partir de imágenes oculares. Como temática principal, se ha abordado el diagnóstico del edema macular y la retinopatía diabética a partir de un imagen de fondo de ojo. En torno a este problema, se ha intentando, no solo diseñar una estructura de red neuronal que proporcione la mayor precisión posible, sino también poner de manifiesto el impacto de la utilización de diversas técnicas recomendadas de cara a mejorar esta precisión. Los resultados obtenidos se consideran satisfactorios, llegándose a unas precisiones del 91,79% y del 87,86% respectivamente. En segundo plano, también se realiza un estudio sobre un pequeño conjunto de datos, el cual ha permitido corroborar el potencial de esta técnica, proporcionando unos buenos resultados a pesar de disponer de pocas muestras. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado una sencilla aplicación web con Flask para permitir que estos modelos puedan ser utilizados por un usuario que disponga de unos conocimientos básicos de Informática. En este sentido se ha considerado de especial interés la utilización de contenedores Docker para favorecer la portabilidad y facilidad de su instalación y despliegue.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Análisis del protocolo Ipv6 su evolución y aplicabilidad

El cambio de Internet 4 a Internet 6 es necesario conforme el espacio de direcciones asignables se reduce y crecen los sitios y aplicaciones que requieren les sea asignada una IP propia, por lo tanto es necesario que desde ya se empiece a desarrollar una metodología de migración en las redes locales, al igual que se desarrolla políticas de seguridad, de compartición de recursos, etc.Descripción de IPv4.- Organización de internet.- Modelo de referencia OSI frente a TCP/IP.- Problemas con IPv4.- Historia del IPv6.- Características de IPv6.- Notación IPv6.- Tipos de direcciones IPv6.- Datagrama IPv6.- DNS para IPv6.- principales protocolos en IPv6.- Seguridad en IPv6.- Organización administradores, políticas de distribución y asignación de direcciones Ipv6.- Funciones de DSTM.- Túneles .- Traductores.- Implementación de una isla IPv6 y conexión con el 6bone

Caracterización bioacústica de las llamadas de apareamiento de un pez de agua dulce (Prochilodus magdalenae) para monitoreo acústico pasivo

Fish produce sounds that are usually species-specific and associated with particular behaviors and contexts. Acoustic characterization enables the use of sounds as natural acoustic labels for species identification. Males of Prochilodus magdalenae produce mating sounds. We characterized  these sounds and tested their use in natural habitats, to use passive acoustic monitoring for spawning ground identification. We identified two types of acoustic signals: simple pulses and pulse trains. Simple pulses were 13.7 ms long, with peak frequency of 365 Hz, whereas pulse train were 2.3 s long, had peak frequency of 399 Hz, 48.6 pulses and its pulses lasted 12.2 ms, with interpulse interval of 49.0 ms long and 22.3 Hz pulse rate. We did not detect spawning in  absence of male calls nor differences in male sounds at different female densities. We found differences in train duration, pulse rate, and pulse duration in trains, according to the fish's source sites, but these sites were not well discriminated based on bioacoustical variables. In rivers, we located two P. magdalenae spawning grounds and recognized calls from another fish species (Megaleporinus muyscorum). We did not find a significant relationship between fish size and call peak frequency for P. magdalenae.Los peces producen sonidos que generalmente están asociados con comportamientos y contextos particulares y son especie-específicos. Su caracterización permite usarlos como etiquetas acústicas naturales para identificar especies. Los machos de Prochilodus magdalenae emiten sonidos de apareamiento. Caracterizamos estas señales acústicas y probamos su uso en hábitats naturales, para utilizar el monitoreo acústico pasivo para la identificación de zonas de desove. Identificamos dos tipos de señales acústicas: pulsos simples y trenes de pulsos. Los pulsos simples tuvieron una duración de 13.7 ms y frecuencia pico de 365 Hz, mientras que los trenes de pulsos duraron 2.3 s,  frecuencia pico de 399 Hz, 48.6 pulsos por tren, pulsos de 12.2 ms, intervalo interpulso de 49.0 ms y tasa de pulsos de 22.3 Hz. No detectamos desove en ausencia de sonidos de machos ni diferencias acústicas entre machos en parejas o en grupos de hembras. Dependiendo del origen de los machos, la duración del tren, frecuencia del pulso y duración del pulso en los trenes difirieron, pero los sitios no fueron bien discriminados basados en las variables bioacústicas. En ríos localizamos dos zonas de desove de P. magdalenae y pudimos distinguir sus sonidos respecto a los del pez Megaleporinus muyscorum. No encontramos una relación significativa entre el tamaño y la frecuencia pico para P. magdalenae

Los comportamientos agresivos en las relaciones de convivencia una propuesta de intervención pedagógica desde la lúdica con estudiantes de preescolar y cuarto de primaria cetem

Este trabajo de grado, investiga acerca de las causas que generan actitudes agresivas en estudiantes de preescolar y primaria de la escuela rural Travesías, del Corregimiento de San Cristóbal en la ciudad de Medellín. De igual forma, presenta estrategias de regulación y autocontrol, para mitigar el impacto negativo que ello genera en los ambientes de aprendizaje y las relaciones de convivencia. Finalmente, se plantea una propuesta de intervención con estrategias lúdico-pedagógicas, enfocada en juegos de roles, cooperativos y reglados, buscando propiciar cambios positivos que lleven a fomentar la tolerancia y por ende a disminuir la agresividad infantil

Polymer functionalized gold nanoparticles as non-viral gene delivery reagents.

Background: In this study we investigated the ability of PEG functionalized gold nanoparticles as non-viral vectors in the transfection of different cell lines, comparing them with commercial lipoplexes. Methods: Positively charged gold nanoparticles were synthesized using PEI as reducing and stabilizer agent and its cytotoxicity reduced by its functionalization with PEG. We bound the nanoparticles to three plasmids with different sizes (4-40 kpb). The vector internalization was evaluated by confocal and electronic microscopy. Its transfection efficacy was studied by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The application of the resulting vector in gene therapy was indirectly evaluated using ganciclovir in HeLa cells transfected to express the herpes virus thymidine kinase. Results: An appropriate ratio between the nitrogen from the PEI and the phosphorous from the phosphate groups of the DNA together with a reduced size and an elevated electrokinetic potential are responsible for an increased nanoparticle internalization and enhanced protein expression when carrying plasmids of up to 40kbp (plasmid size close to the limit of the DNA carrying capacity of viral vectors). Compared to a commercial transfection reagent, an equal or even higher expression of reporter genes (on HeLa and HEK 293T) and suicide effect on HeLa cells transfected with the herpes virus thymidine kinase gene were observed when using this novel nanoparticulated vector. Conclusions: Non-viral vectors based on gold nanoparticles covalently coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be used as efficient transfection reagents showing expression levels same or greater than the ones obtained with commercially available lipoplexes.pre-print3905 K

Effective strategies that enhance the social impact of social sciences and humanities research

Background: We are witnessing increasing demand from governments and society for all sciences to have relevant social impact and to show the returns they provide to society. Aims and objectives: This paper reports strategies that promote social impact by Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) research projects. Methods: An in-depth analysis of six Social Sciences and Humanities research projects that achieved social impact was carried out to identify those strategies. For each case study, project documents were analysed and qualitative fieldwork was conducted with diverse agents, including researchers, stakeholders and end-users, with a communicative orientation. Findings: The strategies that were identified as contributing to achieving social impact include a clear focus of the project on social impact and the definition of an active strategy for achieving it; a meaningful involvement of stakeholders and end-users throughout the project lifespan, including local organisations, underprivileged end-users, and policy makers who not only are recipients of knowledge generated by the research projects but participate in the co-creation of knowledge; coordination between projects’ and stakeholders’ activities; and dissemination activities that show useful evidence and are oriented toward creating space for public deliberation with a diverse public. Discussion and conclusions: The strategies identified can enhance the social impact of Social Sciences and Humanities research. Furthermore, gathering related data, such as collaboration with stakeholders, use of projects’ findings and the effects of their implementation, could allow researchers to track the social impact of the projects and enhance the evaluation of research impact