Soil Management and Water-Use Efficiency in Brazilian Coffee Crops

Brazil is a world leader in coffee production. However, currently, it coexists with recurrent and severe droughts, accompanied by intense heat, strong insolation and low relative humidity. As the cultivation is carried out primarily in the rainy season, these world climate variations have affected crops yields and fruits quality, requiring innovative actions that promote efficient use of water stored in the soil. Among several soil management practices that promote a more rational use of water, deep tillage combined with liming, gypsum and fertilizer amendments lead to an increase in effective depth of coffee roots, therefore reducing water stress. Moreover, intercropping with Urochloa sp. is highly efficient in enhancing soil structure, water infiltration and plant available water capacity. Additionally, other innovative techniques and practices are also introduced in this chapter

Dor crônica e qualidade de vida: revisão da literatura

A dor crônica é um problema de saúde pública, pois aproximadamente 30% da população mundial sofre dessa doença. Pacientes com dor crônica usam os serviços de saúde cinco vezes mais do que o restante dos indivíduos. A dor crônica prevalece entre as mulheres com idades entre 45 e 65 anos. Compromete a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, acompanhada de complicações como imobilidade musculares e articulares, distúrbios de sono, diminuição do apetite, depressão do sistema imune e maior susceptibilidade a doenças, dependência de medicação, da família e cuidadores, isolamento da sociedade e da família, ansiedade e medo, frustração, depressão e suicídio. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com objetivo de analisar o que se tem construído em pesquisas anteriores sobre dor crônica e qualidade de vida. Foram analisados 30 artigos após a aplicação dos critérios. A complexidade da dor crônica foi observada em todos os artigos, como as implicações da fibromialgia. A dor crônica é multifatorial, fundamental a realização de mais pesquisas sobre as condições de tratamentos farmacológicos associados as alternativas com novos estudos sobre o tema, e que considerem uma melhor QV para esses paciente

Desempenho agronômico de 13 genótipos de girassol no sudoeste baiano

O cultivo de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) se destaca por ser uma planta de ciclo curto, ter alto teor de óleo nos grãos, aonde o mesmo é utilizado para produção de biodiesel e alimentação humano, podendo também ser empregada para alimentação animal, assim como a silagem da planta e a torta proveniente da extração do óleo. Diante desses fatores, buscou-se avaliar o desempenho da cultura em diferentes condições no Sudoeste Baiano. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo na área do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano Campus Guanambi, avaliando-se o desempenho produtivo de 13 genótipos no semiárido baiano. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O ciclo da cultura foi de 120 dias. Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) para os caracteres produção de grãos, peso de 1000 aquênios, produção de matéria seca na floração, área foliar, altura de inserção do capítulo, diâmetro do capítulo e o rendimento de óleo, não havendo diferença apenas para os teores de N, P e K no florescimento. Os genótipos CF 101, BRS G43, HÉLIO 250 e SYN 045 foram os que apresentaram simultaneamente maior rendimento de grãos e de óleo. O genótipo CF 101 se destacou por possuir baixa estatura

O PAPEL DO BIÓLOGO NA CONSCIÊNCIA AMBIENTAL: O LIXO EM SEU COTIDIANO: UMA ABORDAGEM NAS CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS

The present work reports the experience of the Biological Sciences course at the Federal University of Tocantins/UFT- Campus Porto Nacional, in the Technological Innovation Program, working with the theme "garbage in our daily life" to develop logical-mathematical questions (relation of numbers , graphs, tables, etc) in the academics of the course and raising awareness about environmental conservation.&nbsp; The work carried out was totally remote, a tool was developed to weigh the organic waste (gr) and the inorganic waste was quantified per unit (plastic; paper; metal; and glass). Data collection was carried out for a month, in the home of 6 students from the first period of the course, and the results were organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Regarding inorganic waste, 1130 items were collected and the most quantified categories were plastic (52.12%) and paper (34.96%). For organic matter, 62 kg of food residues were weighed. The results highlight the great potential for waste production in homes and the importance of raising awareness about the possibilities of recycling and/or selective collection. These results were worked with students of the first period, stimulating the understanding of mathematical tools in Biology, as well as critical thinking about selective collection.El presente trabajo relata la experiencia del curso de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Federal de Tocantins/UFT- Campus Porto Nacional, en el Programa de Innovación Tecnológica, trabajando con el tema "basura en nuestro cotidiano" para desarrollar cuestiones lógico-matemáticas (relación de números, gráficos, tablas, etc.) en la parte académica del curso y concienciar sobre la conservación del medio ambiente. El trabajo realizado fue totalmente a distancia, se desarrolló una herramienta para pesar los residuos orgánicos (gr) y se cuantificaron los residuos inorgánicos por unidad (plástico, papel, metal y vidrio). La recolección de datos se realizó durante un mes, en el domicilio de 6 estudiantes del primer período del curso, y los resultados fueron organizados y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. En cuanto a los residuos inorgánicos, se recolectaron 1130 ítems y las categorías más cuantificadas fueron plástico (52,12%) y papel (34,96%). Para la materia orgánica se pesaron 62 kg de residuos alimentarios. Los resultados destacan el gran potencial de producción de residuos en los hogares y la importancia de concienciar sobre las posibilidades del reciclaje y/o recogida selectiva. Estos resultados fueron trabajados con estudiantes del primer período, estimulando la comprensión de herramientas matemáticas en Biología, así como el pensamiento crítico sobre la recolección selectiva.O presente trabalho relata a experiência dos monitores do Programa de Inovação Tecnológica (PIIP), do curso de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins/UFT- Campus Porto Nacional durante as atividades do programa. A temática trabalhada foi “o lixo em nosso cotidiano” com foco em desenvolver questões lógico-matemáticas (relação dos números, gráficos, tabelas, etc) com os acadêmicos do curso e a sensibilização sobre a conservação ambiental. O trabalho realizado foi totalmente remoto. Desenvolveu-se uma balança caseira para pesar o lixo orgânico e o lixo inorgânico foi quantificado por unidade (plástico; papel; metal; e vidro). A coleta de dados foi realizada durante um mês, na casa de 6 acadêmicos do primeiro período do curso, e os resultados foram organizados e analisados com o emprego de estatística descritiva. Com relação ao lixo inorgânico foram coletados 1130 itens e as categorias mais quantificadas foram: plástico (52,12%) e papel (34,96%). Para a matéria orgânica foram pesados 62 kg de resíduos alimentares. Os resultados destacam o grande potencial de produção de lixo das residências e a importância de conscientizar sobre as possibilidades de reciclagem e/ou coleta seletiva dos mesmos. Esses resultados foram trabalhados com os estudantes do primeiro período, estimulando o entendimento das ferramentas matemáticas na Biologia, bem como, em pensamento crítico a respeito da coleta seletiva

Factors Associated with Emotion Regulation in Men with Internet Access Living in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occu-pational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Sup-pression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships.publishersversionpublishe

Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution