70 research outputs found
The power of writing: Dartmouth \u2766 in the twenty-first century
Why writing matters in higher education.
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Toward a multilingual composition scholarship : from English only to a translingual norm.
Against the limitations English monolingualism imposes on composition scholarship, as evident in journal submission requirements, frequency of references to non-English medium writing, bibliographical resources, and our own past work, we argue for adopting a translingual approach to languages, disciplines, localities, and research traditions in our scholarship, and propose ways individuals, journals, conferences, and graduate programs might advance composition scholarship toward a translingual norm
Ăvolution des pratiques et des discours sur lâĂ©crit Ă lâuniversitĂ©Â : Ă©tude de cas
Dans le cadre Ă©tats-unien des cours de « general education » (contenus gĂ©nĂ©raux et transdisciplinaires) et des enseignements de « majeures » (contenus spĂ©cialisĂ©s dans la discipline), les Ă©tudiants travaillent entre le gĂ©nĂ©rique et le spĂ©cifique au niveau des savoirs, des discours, et des expertises. Les disciplines sont prĂ©sentĂ©es comme des ensembles dynamiques de pratiques.Sâappuyant sur un double corpus de productions Ă©crites et dâentretiens, lâĂ©tude Ă©tablit un contraste entre lâĂ©volution des pratiques dâĂ©criture des Ă©tudiants, manifestant une forte implication dans les savoirs disciplinaires, et la faible « conscience discursive et disciplinaire » (Reuter et Lahanier-Reuter, 2008) que les Ă©tudiants manifestent lors des entretiens ; ainsi, si lâon observe une lente Ă©volution les amenant vers la pleine participation disciplinaire dans une « communautĂ© de pratiques » (Wenger, 1999), on note Ă©galement une difficultĂ© Ă prendre conscience de cette Ă©volution ou du moins Ă la relater verbalement.LâĂ©tude nous interroge sur lâenseignement de lâĂ©crit scientifique dans le cadre Ă©tats-unien.In the U.S. frame of âgeneral educationâ and âmajorsâ, university students work between the generic and the specific at the level of knowledge, discourse, and expertise. Disciplines here are seen as dynamic sets of practices.The article establishes a contrast between the evolution in studentsâ writing practices, showing a strong sense of disciplinary embeddedness, and their less strong awareness and articulation of that same understanding of the relationship between writing and knowledge (Reuter and Lahanier-Reuter, 2008), that we find in their interviews. Thus, if we see a progression towards full participation in a âcommunity of practiceâ (Wenger, 1999), we see as well a difficulty in becoming aware of this progression, or at least difficulty articulating that awareness.The study problematizes the teaching of university writing in the U.S
Le fonctionnement de lâĂ©crit dâĂ©tudiants : aspects dâune cohĂ©rence textuelle
Les Ă©crits dâĂ©tudiants de premiĂšre annĂ©e Ă lâuniversitĂ© (en France et aux Ătats-Unis) sont analysĂ©s du point de vue de la cohĂ©rence textuelle, en relation au « contexte textuel » de pro-duction (consigne, textes lus pour dĂ©velopper une rĂ©ponse Ă la consigne). La cohĂ©rence tex-tuelle est Ă©tudiĂ©e aux niveaux macro- (questions structurales), mĂ©so- (questions dâintertextualitĂ© telles les citations, les paraphrases, les lieux communs), et micro- (deixis, connecteurs). Les textes Ă©tudiĂ©s montrent que les Ă©tudiants des deux contextes culturels com-posent des textes en utilisant des stratĂ©gies de cohĂ©rence diversifiĂ©es
Encouraging and Supporting Teacher Research in the US and UK
Given the diversity of types of writing instructors in US and UK tertiary education and the range of their scholarly backgrounds, the likelihood is that most instructors have not participated in research in composition theory or pedagogy, rhetoric, academic literacies, or writing studies. The four projects reported here highlight the research opportunities and capacities of this diverse group, reflecting different types and levels of teacher or practitioner inquiry that involves teachers in studying significant questions arising from their own contexts. The article offers a brief history of practitioner inquiry research in its various forms and traditions; presents the projects themselves, including their aims and framing; and offers specific recommendations for the future of this invaluable form of inquiry. Definitions of action research vary greatly. The term in its broadest sense refers to research conducted in a field setting with those actually involved in that field, often along with an âoutsiderâ, into the study of questions influenced by practitioners, rather than solely by âexpertsâ (Noffke 1996: 2). At the end of the day as teachers, we are often left wondering: Are we doing enough? How do we know? These are the essential questions that occupy the hearts and minds of so many of us as we walk into our classrooms (Goswami, Lewis and Rutherford 2009: 2).Teacher research just isnât like other forms of research, in part because there is no blueprint for how to do it (Goswami, Lewis and Rutherford 2009: 1)
Structural and functional analysis of the Rous Sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing and demonstration of its activation by the 9G8 SR protein
Retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced RNAs for replication. Accumulation of Rous Sarcoma virus (RSV) unspliced RNA depends upon the negative regulator of splicing (NRS). Its 5âČ-part is considered as an ESE binding SR proteins. Its 3âČ-part contains a decoy 5âČ-splice site (ss), which inhibits splicing at the bona fide 5âČ-ss. Only the 3D structure of a small NRS fragment had been experimentally studied. Here, by chemical and enzymatic probing, we determine the 2D structure of the entire RSV NRS. Structural analysis of other avian NRSs and comparison with all sequenced avian NRSs is in favour of a phylogenetic conservation of the NRS 2D structure. By combination of approaches: (i) in vitro and in cellulo splicing assays, (ii) footprinting assays and (iii) purification and analysis of reconstituted RNP complex, we define a small NRS element retaining splicing inhibitory property. We also demonstrate the capability of the SR protein 9G8 to increase NRS activity in vitro and in cellulo. Altogether these data bring new insights on how NRS fine tune splicing activity
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts
L'enseignement de l'Ă©crit avant l'universitĂ© aux Ătats-Unis
Donahue Christiane. L'enseignement de l'Ă©crit avant l'universitĂ© aux Ătats-Unis. In: La Lettre de la DFLM, n°31, 2002/2. pp. 4-10
Chapitre IV : Le Fonctionnement Transculturel de lâEcrit dâEtudiants : Genres et Sujets
AprĂšs une brĂšve revue des indices utilisĂ©s pour lâanalyse qualitative, suivie dâune description dĂ©taillĂ©e des contextes textuels dans lesquels les Ă©tudiants en question se sont trouvĂ©s (premier point dâanalyse et de comparaison), la prĂ©sentation traitera, pour trois domaines â construction gĂ©nĂ©rique, subjectivitĂ©, et cohĂ©rence â Ă la fois des indices utilisĂ©s pour relever ces caractĂ©ristiques, des rĂ©sultats de ma lecture interprĂ©tative-analytique en fonction de ces indices, et des perspective..
Chapitre VI : La Comparaison revisitée
Suite Ă lâexploration des copies, des mouvements textuels constitutifs de ces copies, je reviens ici Ă lâidĂ©e dâune « comparaison culturelle » de lâĂ©crit universitaire, avec les apports des deux lectures effectuĂ©es. Rappelons clairement quâon ne peut pas poser les cultures comme homogĂšnes. Ce constat nâest pas nouveau. Mais on peut dessiner des aspects qui surprennent, qui semblent dans tel contexte intĂ©ressants ou Ă©trangers. Par exemple, le dĂ©but des Ă©tudes universitaires aux Ătats-Unis est ..
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