Los combustibles en las lámparas del Paleolítico superior

El presente trabajo pretende arrojar algo de luz a la existencia de lámparas en el Paleolítico Superior, un objeto que ha pasado desapercibido para los grandes estudiosos de la Prehistoria. No cabe duda de que el fuego en la Prehistoria sería una materia insustituible para el hombre, ya que debemos tener en cuenta que estamos hablando de un periodo de la historia donde el frío estaba muy presente, por lo que se convertía en un instrumento ideal para caldear los recintos y sobrellevar el frío, al igual que era utilizado para cocinar, defenderse de animales salvajes, etc. Pero también era muy útil para la iluminación, ver en la oscuridad de la noche o en la profundidad de las cuevas era algo fundamental para nuestros antepasados. La aparición de las lámparas hace unos 40.000 años coincide con uno de los grandes cambios culturales que se produjeron en la historia, la aparición del “arte”: pinturas, adornos personales, complejos sistemas de armas… Parece evidente pensar que las lámparas hicieron posible el desarrollo del arte murario en las cuevas, ya que estos objetos permitían tener luz en las profundidades de las cuevas. Por ello es importante conocer qué tipo de combustible y mecha utilizaban para fabricar las lámparasThe aim of the present study is to provide some information about the existence of the lamps in the Upper Paleolithic, an object that has not been studied in depth by the researches. There is not the slightest doubt that in the Prehistory the fire was really important to the humans, because of cold weather in that period. For this reason, the fire was an essential tool in order to heat the enclosures and to endure the cold, the same as cooking, to defend themselves of the wild animals, etc. Also the fire was usefulness to light up, to see in the dark night or in the depth of the caves, something fundamental for our antecedents. The appearance of the lamps 40.000 years ago coincides with one of the great cultural changes of the history, the appearing of Art: paintings, personal ornaments, complex systems of weapons… It seems evident to think that the lamps made possible the development of the rock art in the caves, considering that these objects afforded to have light in the depth of the caves. Because of this it is important to know the type of fuel and wick used by the prehistoric people to manufacture the lamp

Put three and three together: Triangle-driven community detection

Community detection has arisen as one of the most relevant topics in the field of graph data mining due to its applications in many fields such as biology, social networks, or network traffic analysis. Although the existing metrics used to quantify the quality of a community work well in general, under some circumstances, they fail at correctly capturing such notion. The main reason is that these metrics consider the internal community edges as a set, but ignore how these actually connect the vertices of the community. We propose the Weighted Community Clustering (WCC), which is a new community metric that takes the triangle instead of the edge as the minimal structural motif indicating the presence of a strong relation in a graph. We theoretically analyse WCC in depth and formally prove, by means of a set of properties, that the maximization of WCC guarantees communities with cohesion and structure. In addition, we propose Scalable Community Detection (SCD), a community detection algorithm based on WCC, which is designed to be fast and scalable on SMP machines, showing experimentally that WCC correctly captures the concept of community in social networks using real datasets. Finally, using ground-truth data, we show that SCD provides better quality than the best disjoint community detection algorithms of the state of the art while performing faster.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Prevención e Intervención Temprana como factores clave en el desarrollo evolutivo en la primera infancia

La orientación para la prevención y el desarrollo llevada desde las instituciones educativas es una pieza clave que fomenta factores de protección en la primera infancia aportando así una educación para la salud. Se destacan entre los principios fundamentales de la atención temprana: participación, gratuidad, universalidad, interdisciplinariedad, coordinación y sectorización. Se realiza un análisis de los servicios de atención temprana por distintas comunidades autónomas, llegando a la conclusión de que existen ciertas diferencias. Existen comunidades donde aún no se ha regulado y no existe consenso en cuanto a la edad de intervención y otras donde se exige la posesión del certificado de discapacidad para ser atendido por los equipos específicos de atención temprana. No obstante, a pesar de las diferencias, el avance de la atención temprana en España es notorio.2021-2

Psicopatología del lenguaje en trastornos del espectro del autismo (TEA)

El TEA se considera un trastorno de desarrollo neurológico (APA, 2013) con afectación del sistema nervioso que ocasiona alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Las principales dificultades en las conductas comunicativas verbales y no verbales varían desde una comunicación poco integrada pasando por anomalías de contacto visual y del lenguaje corporal a deficiencias de la comprensión y el uso gestual, hasta una falta total de la comprensión oral y de la comunicación no verbal. Un diagnóstico e intervención temprana ayuda considerablemente a mejorar la competencia comunicativa así como la calidad de la vida de las personas que sufren TEA.2021-2

Propuesta y validación de una escala de evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en contextos educativos

El concepto de Inteligencia Emocional se ha desarrollado en las últimas décadas de forma considerable. Han surgido múltiples investigaciones y teorías en torno a este concepto que han suscitado una proliferación de las “inteligencias” que ha impulsado la discusión sobre el tema.La revisión de las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con la Inteligencia Emocional permite concluir que cada vez hay más consenso científico en manifestar los beneficios de intervenir educativamente para potenciar el desarrollo emocional (Bar-On yParker, 2000; Pena y Repetto, 2008, Bisquerra, 2016). Educar la Inteligencia Emocional de los estudiantes es una tarea necesaria y primordial en el ámbito educativo, pues aquellas personas con un nivel alto de Inteligencia Emocional o lo que es lo mismo inteligentes emocionalmente presentan una alta probabilidad de poseer bienestar personal, social y laboral.Sin embargo, cualquier intervención con el objetivo de favorecer el desarrollo emocional, como cualquier acción educativa y orientadora, precisa de una evaluación que permita conocer las necesidades de los estudiantes y guiar las decisiones acerca de los contenidos y las estrategias más adecuadas para estas intervenciones(Pérez-Escoda, 2016)..

Enzymatic hydrolysis of brewer’s spent grain to obtain fermentable sugars

Lignocellulosic biomass is a feedstock with the potential to be converted into value-added bioproducts. The use of enzymatic hydrolysis allows the cleavage of lignocellulose into their monomeric units, but there are some drawbacks that make its use in industrial biocatalysis unfeasible. In the present study, we describe the hydrolysis of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) with an enzymatic cocktail produced by Aspergillus niger CECT 2700 and its comparison with commercial enzymes. In addition, it was determined whether pretreating the BSG (non-pressurized alkaline hydrolysis or treatment with cholinium glycinate ionic liquid) is necessary. Results show that both pretreatments enhanced xylose release (10.55±0.07g/L and 8.14±0.13g/L respectively), meanwhile the hydrolysis of raw BSG with the enzymatic cocktail produced solutions containing high levels of glucose (18.45±1.66g/L) and xylose (6.38±0.26g/L).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTQ2015-71436-C2-1-

Thermodynamic Performance of a Brayton Pumped Heat Energy Storage System: Influence of Internal and External Irreversibilities

[EN]A model for a pumped thermal energy storage system is presented. It is based on a Brayton cycle working successively as a heat pump and a heat engine. All the main irreversibility sources expected in real plants are considered: external losses arising from the heat transfer between the working fluid and the thermal reservoirs, internal losses coming from pressure decays, and losses in the turbomachinery. Temperatures considered for the numerical analysis are adequate for solid thermal reservoirs, such as a packed bed. Special emphasis is paid to the combination of parameters and variables that lead to physically acceptable configurations. Maximum values of efficiencies, including round-trip efficiency, are obtained and analyzed, and optimal design intervals are provided. Round-trip efficiencies of around 0.4, or even larger, are predicted. The analysis indicates that the physical region, where the coupled system can operate, strongly depends on the irreversibility parameters. In this way, maximum values of power output, efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and pumped heat might lay outside the physical region. In that case, the upper values are considered. The sensitivity analysis of these maxima shows that changes in the expander/turbine and the efficiencies of the compressors affect the most with respect to a selected design point. In the case of the expander, these drops are mostly due to a decrease in the area of the physical operation region

Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Salicornia ramosissima Seed Germination under Salinity, CO2 and Temperature Stress

In a scenario of climate change and growing population, halophyte root microbiota interactions may be a sustainable solution to improve alternative crop production while combating abiotic stress. In this work, seeds of the cash crop halophyte Salicornia ramosissima were inoculated with five different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria consortia, isolated from the rhizosphere of five halophytes in southwestern Spain salt marshes. For the first time, we recorded seed germination response to three interactive abiotic stressors, CO2 (400 and 700 ppm), temperature (25 and 29 ℃) and salinity (171, 510 and 1030 mM NaCl), all of them related to climate change. Salinity played a decisive role, as no significant differences were registered between treatments at 171 mM NaCl and no germination took place at 1030 mM NaCl. At 510 mM NaCl, one rhizobacterial consortium improved seed parameters notably, increasing up to 114% germination percentage and 65% seedlings biomass. These first findings encourage us to think that cash crop halophytes like S. ramosissima and halophyte root microbiota may be valuable resources for human or animal feeding in a future climate reality.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CGL2016-75550-R)Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU014/03987