75 research outputs found

    Semantic hyperpriming in schizophrenic patients: increased facilitation or impaired inhibition in semantic association processing?

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    International audiencePrevious studies analyzing semantic priming in schizophrenic patients have reported conflicting results. In the present study, we explored semantic priming in a sample of schizophrenic patients with mild thought disorders. We wondered if distinct cognitive processes, such as facilitation and/or inhibition, underlie semantic hyperpriming and are variously impaired in schizophrenic patients. Using a lexical decision task, we evaluated semantic priming in 15 schizophrenic patients (DSM-IV) with mild thought disorders and 15 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and education level. The task was designed to divide semantic priming into two additive components, namely facilitation effect and inhibition effect. One-sample t-tests were performed to investigate differences in semantic priming, facilitation, and inhibition within each group. ANOVAs were performed to compare the effects of semantic priming, facilitation, and inhibition between groups. Patients displayed greater semantic priming than controls (i.e., hyperpriming), but this was not due to increased facilitation in processing semantically related pairs. On the contrary, hyperpriming was the result of prolonged response time to process semantically unrelated pairs, corresponding to a requirement to inhibit unrelated information. We demonstrated semantic hyperpriming in stabilized schizophrenic patients with mild severity of symptoms. Thus, semantic hyperpriming may be an intrinsic feature of schizophrenia that is not related to the clinical state of patients. Semantic hyperpriming was due to an inhibition effect involved in processing semantically unrelated information not to increased facilitatory effect for related pairs

    Spanish validation of the self-evaluation of negative symptoms scale SNS in an adolescent population

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    Background: Negative symptoms (NS) may be observed in the general population in an attenuated form and in high-risk mental states. However, they have been less studied in the general population than positive symptoms, in spite of their importance at the insidious onset of schizophrenia and their appearance before positive symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the empirical structure of the Spanish version of the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) Scale and find its psychometric properties and invariance of measurement across sex and age in a sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 4521 adolescents (53.6% female) from 11 to 18 years of age. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the SNS confirmed an internal structure of five first-order factors by the characteristic dimensions of NS: avolition, social withdrawal, diminished emotional range, anhedonia, alogia, and one second-order factor which includes the total NS score. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale was invariant across sex and age. Total scale reliability was adequate. A strong relationship was found between the SNS with depressive symptomatology, moderate with ideas of reference and low with aberrant salience. Conclusion: The results back use of the Spanish version of the SNS scale for detection of NS in the general population of adolescents

    Schizophrénie et virus de la maladie de Borna

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    CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude des potentialités de la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie des schizophrénies

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    La Schizophrénie est une des maladies qui a engendré le plus d'hypothèses quant à son étiologie et sa physiopathologie, depuis celle d'une pathologie neurodégénérative jusqu'à celle d'une pathologie neurodéveoppementale. Depuis quelques années, la Spectroscopie par Résonance Magnétique (SRM) a connu un espoir important et permet désormais de rechercher la matière dont les troubles schizophréniques s'incarnent dans les modifications du fonctionnement cérébral. Le cadre de ce travail est l'étude de l'apport de la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique dans la compréhension physiopathologique des schizophrénies au travers de la recherche de modifications métaboliques cérébrales...CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Techniques de remédiation des déficits en théorie de l'esprit chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie

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    CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Facteurs de risque environnementaux de la schizophrénie

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    CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude de la poursuite oculaire dans la schizophrénie

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    Afin de vérifier si les altérations de la poursuite oculaire pourraient être des marqueurs de la vulnérabilité génétique de la schizophrénie, nous avons inclus des patients, des apparentés sains du premier degré et des témoins appariés. Ils ont été testés avec les paradigmes de saccades, d'antisaccades et de poursuite lente. Nous avons observé des altérations chez les patients, mais aucune chez les apparentés, ce qui ne nous permet pas de conclure que les troubles de la poursuite oculaire seraient des marqueurs de vulnérabilité génétique de cette pathologie.Lors de la poursuite lente d'un stimulus multifréquentiel, il intervient trois systèmes : poursuite lente, saccadique et prédictif (influence les deux autres). La comparaison de patients schizophrènes et de sujets sains ne nous a permis de mettre en évidence de différence entre ces deux groupes. Par conséquent, aucun des systèmes de poursuite oculaire ne semble altéré chez les patients par rapport aux sujets témoins.CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

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