Geomorfología del sistema endokárstico de La Galiana (Cañón del río Lobos, Soria)

Se presenta un estudio geomorfológico del sistema endokárstico de La Galiana dentro del Cañón del Río Lobos (provincia de Soria) junto con el análisis preliminar de depósitos internos clásticos y espeleotémicos. El sustrato geológico está formado por calizas del Cretácico superior afectadas por un sistema de fracturas con orientaciones principales 130-145, 020-040 y 090-110. La evolución morfológica del sistema endokárstico está controlada por el encajamiento fluvial del río Lobos durante el Cuaternario, inicialmente sobre depósitos neógenos, que fosilizan una extensa superficie de erosión, y posteriormente sobre calizas cretácicas. El sistema endokárstico está formado por tres niveles de galerías (La Galiana Alta, La Galiana Baja y la Cueva del Lago) desarrollados a 1099, 966 y 953 m de altura respectivamente que corresponden a tres estadios de estabilización del nivel freático y su nivel de base correspondiente. Las galerías son del tipo simple con patrón angular y forma de ojo de herradura. Las secciones circulares iniciales y el desarrollo horizontal indican una génesis bajo condiciones freáticas cerca del nivel freático. Los datos de polaridad magnética de coladas estalagmíticas señalan que la formación de La Galiana Alta es anterior a 780 ka. Por otro lado, La Galiana Baja presenta un alto grado de ornamentación con diferentes tipos de espeleotemas. Se han diferenciado dos estadios de desarrollo estalagmítico, datados por U/Th en 70-55 ka y 9-5 ka respectivamente, que coinciden con condiciones paleoambientales cálidas y húmedas. Existen coladas estalagmíticas anteriores con edad U/Th de 224 ka. Considerando la posición altimétrica de las galerías y el tiempo transcurrido entre su formación se ha calculado una tasa máxima de incisión fluvial comprendida entre 187 y 58 mm/ka

Incisión fluvial a partir del conjunto multinivel de cuevas de La Galiana (Parque natural del río Lobos, Soria)

El conjunto endokárstico de La Galiana (Cañón del río Lobos, Cordillera Ibérica, provincia de Soria) está formado por tres niveles de galerías horizontales (La Galiana Alta, La Galiana Baja y Cueva del Lago) localizadas a 1099, 966 y 953 m s.n.m. respectivamente. Representan niveles de estabilización de la superficie freática y su nivel de base fluvial. El contexto geomorfológico y los datos paleomagnéticos indican que coladas estalagmítica de La Galiana Alta son anteriores a los 3,596 Ma. Por otro lado, la edad U/Th más antigua obtenida en espeleotemas de La Galiana Baja es de 224 ka. Las diferencias altimétricas entre galerías (133 y 13 m) y edades obtenida permiten calcular tasas máximas de encajamiento fluvial entre 39 y 58 mm/ka

Fluvial incision from La Galiana multilevel cave system (Río Lobos Natural Park, Soria, Spain)

El conjunto endokárstico de La Galiana (Cañón del río Lobos, Cordillera Ibérica, provincia de Soria) está formado por tres niveles de galerías horizontales (La Galiana Alta, La Galiana Baja y Cueva del Lago) localizadas a 1099, 966 y 953 m s.n.m. respectivamente. Representan niveles de estabilización de la superficie freática y su nivel de base fluvial. El contexto geomorfológico y los datos paleomagnéticos indican que coladas estalagmíticas de La Galiana Alta son anteriores a los 3,596 Ma. Por otro lado, la edad U/Th más antigua obtenida en espeleotemas de La Galiana Baja es de 224 ka. Las diferencias altimétricas entre galerías (133 y 13 m) y edades obtenidas permiten calcular tasas máximas de encajamiento fluvial entre 39 y 58 mm/kaLa Galiana endokarstic system (Cañón del río Lobos, Iberian Ranges, Soria province) is constituted by three staircase horizontal galleries (La Galiana Alta, La Galiana Baja and the Cueva del Lago) located at 1099, 966 and 953 m a.s.l. respectively. These three levels correspond to distinct stages of stabilized water-table linked to local fluvial evolution of their base levels. Geomorphic context and palaeomagnetic data display that flowstones in La Galiana Alta are older than 3.596 Ma. The oldest U-series age obtained in speleothems from La Galiana Baja gallery is ca. 224 ka.Altitude differences between galleries (133 and 13 m, respectively) and obtained ages allow us to calculate maximum fluvial incision rates between 39 and 58 mm/ka

Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses

Wagh SK, Lammers KM, Padul MV, Rodriguez-Herrera A, Dodero VI. Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(19): 11748.Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD

Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses

Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD

I nomi e luoghi. Densità toponomastica e struttura territoriale in Toscana tra XIX e XXI secolo

Il contributo presenta alcuni risultati di un progetto di ricerca finalizzato alla creazione di un archivio digitalee allo studio sincronico e diacronico della toponomastica Toscana; tale progetto è cofinanziato dalla Regione Toscana, dal CIST (Centro Interuniversitario di Scienze del Territorio) e dall’IRTA/Leonardo (Istituto di Ricerca sul Territorio e l’Ambiente). Le attività di indagine consistono nella implementazione della banca dati toponomastica della Carta Tecnica Regionale della Toscana attraverso la digitalizzazione georiferita dei nomi dei luoghi reperiti nei catasti storici geometrico-particellari e in altre fonti cartografiche recenti (IGM, Catasto), nel tentativo di recuperare il consistente patrimonio toponimico scomparso e di rilevare le trasformazioni (talvolta corruzioni) linguistiche dei toponimi attuali. Per ogni termine registrato sono state valutate natura geometrica, consistenza lessicale, spaziale e funzionale. In particolare il contributo riporta alcune considerazioni preliminari sulla geografia della concentrazione toponomastica nel XIX secolo e all'inizio del XXI secolo e le variazioni di densità che tale patrimonio ha subito nell’intervallo dei due secoli

Phase II study of perifosine and sorafenib dual-targeted therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoproliferative diseases

Purpose: To evaluate safety and activity of perifosine and sorafenib combination therapy in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. Experimental Design: Patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoproliferative diseases received perifosine (50 mg twice daily) for 1 month. Patients achieving less than partial response (PR) after perifosine alone were administered the combination therapy [perifosine plus sorafenib (400 mg twice daily)] until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The pERK and pAKT in peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as serum cytokine levels were investigated as predictive biomarkers of response. Results: Forty patients enrolled in this study. After 1 month of perifosine alone, 36 who achieved less than PR went on to combination therapy, whereas four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who achieved PR continued with perifosine alone for a median of 10 months (range, 4-21). The most common drug-related toxicities were grade 1-2 anemia (17%), thrombocytopenia (9%), diarrhea (25%), joint pain (22%), and hand-foot skin reaction (25%). Three patients experienced grade 3 pneumonitis. Eight patients (22%) achieved PR, 15 (42%) achieved stable disease, and 13 (36%) experienced PD. A 28% PR rate was recorded for 25 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Among all patients, median overall survival and progression-free survival were 16 and 5 months, respectively. Early reductions in pERK and pAKT significantly correlated with the probability of clinical response. Conclusions: Perifosine and sorafenib combination therapy is feasible with manageable toxicity and demonstrates promising activity in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. The predictive value of pERK and pAKT should be confirmed in a larger patient cohort