Nanowires on a Film for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

International audienc

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least 9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by 4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

La fabrique du patient co‑chercheur : enjeux, définitions et perspectives d'un comité de patients/aidants

International audienc

Impacts osseux externes et ostéogénèse (synthèse bibliographique et protocole expérimental pour une prise en charge préventive et thérapeutique de l'ostéoporose)

Marcher, courir ou sauter provoquent des impacts osseux qui, en se répercutant dans notre organisme, stimulent la formation de masse osseuse. En comprenant et maîtrisant certains paramètres on peut alors les utiliser pour prévenir ou traiter l'ostéoporose. Pour cela nous exploitons des données principalement issues de la recherche en médecine spatiale, mais aussi des domaines sportifs, rhumatologiques ou de l'industrie de la chaussure du sport. La synthèse bibliographique réalisée a permis d'aboutir à l'élaboration d'un protocole expérimental visant à valider la pertinence des critères et de méthodologie retenue. L'évaluation par ostéodensitométrie sur des sites réprésentatifs exprimé en pourcentage de gain de densité minérale osseuse permet de comparer les résultats aux études de référence.Walking, runing or jumping cause external bone impact, while being reflected in all the body and induce bone formation. Understanding and controling some parametres can use them to prevent or treat osteoporosis. So we exploit data mainly resulting in space medicin and also from sports, rhumatology or sport shoe industry. From the bibliographical synthesis, we purpose an experimental protocol aiming at validating criteria and methodology selected. The evaluation by osteodensitometry expresed as a percentage of bone mineral density gain could be compared to the international reference studies.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF